Identification of infants with bacterial diarrhea during the first year of life is important to limit potentially serious complications, but indications for stool leukocyte examination and culture are not well defined. The ability of three clinical features--temperature, history of blood in the stool, and stool frequency--to predict the presence of ...

Five infants from a day care center developed severe diarrhea associated with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O114:nonmotile (EPEC O114:NM) and required hospitalization. Five additional cases of diarrhea associated with EPEC O114:NM subsequently occurred, four in hospital contacts of the patients and one in a household contact. Biochemically, all EPEC O114:NM isolates ...

Removing organs from anencephalic infants for transplantation into other infants offers benefits to the recipients, the family of the anencephalic infant, and to society. No interest of the anencephalic infant appears to be violated. Nonetheless, there are serious ethical and legal barriers to such proposals, primarily owing to risks for ...

We have studied the immunophenotypic and genotypic features in 35 infants aged less than 1 year with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL). A CD10 (common ALL antigen)-negative, CD19-positive pre-pre-B ALL phenotype was observed in 24 infants. Seventeen of them had blast cells coexpressing myeloid-associated markers such ...

To determine the adequacy of zinc and copper supplementation for infants receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN), we performed 24-h balance studies in infants with diarrhea and infants who had recently undergone surgery. Measurements were made at base line, 1, and 2 wk. Mean serum Zn and Cu levels of the ...

Community-based studies of diarrhea etiology and epidemiology were carried out from July 1982-June 1984 in 153 infants residing in a poor peri-urban community near Lima, Peru. Study infants had nearly 10 episodes of diarrhea in their first year of life. Diarrhea episodes were associated with organisms such as Campylobacter jejuni, ...

In 1985, 22 pony foals reared in a helminth-free environment were tested daily for oocysts of Cryptosporidium sp by use of fecal flotation. Oocysts were found in all foals. Oocysts were first observed in feces collected from foals 9 to 28 days after birth. The mean period of oocyst shedding ...

Crude venom (4 mg/kg) of scorpion (B. tamulus) was given in saline to anaesthetized dogs and rabbits. It produced a reduction in gastric H+ ion concentration in dogs with acute myocarditis. Simultaneously an increase in circulating amylase and lipase level was also observed. However 60% venom poisoned rabbits showed an ...

287 patients with Acute Gastroenteritis were studied. Rotavirus accounted for 29.7% and bacterial aetiology for 9.3% of the cases. In the early infant age group (0-6 months), bacterial aetiology (28.8%) was commoner than Rotavirus aetiology (7.7%). In the older age groups, Rotavirus was more common than bacteria as a cause ...

Because of its short and clearly delineated latency period, acute leukemia of infancy is particularly suited to etiologic analysis. From 1950 to mid-1985, 31 infants with acute leukemia (less than 1 year of age) were registered at the University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center at Houston. The medical records ...

To determine the frequency with which acquired monosaccharide intolerance (AMI) occurs in infants less than 3 months of age, we performed a prospective descriptive study of infants admitted to the hospital for diarrhea. We searched for differences between the characteristics and causes of AMI in these infants and those of ...

In a community-based prospective study of diarrhoeal diseases carried out in Ibadan, 131 infants were selected at birth. The maximum possible length of follow-up ranged from 16 to 24 months. Weekly surveillance for diarrhoea was carried out at home by Primary Health Care workers. Each child was also required to ...

Concentrations of alpha-1-antitrypsin (AT) in random fecal samples from 68 infants (92.7% outpatients) with acute diarrhea and 32 healthy controls were determined. The mean +/- s.d. for AT in infants with diarrhea was 2.07 +/- 1.88 mg/g dry stool (mg/g d.s.) compared with 1.29 +/- 0.72 mg/g d.s. (p less ...

Clinical trials conducted in the People's Republic of China and the United States of the antileukemic efficacy of the cephalotaxine esters are reviewed. Harrington has been incorporated into combination regimens for the treatment of newly diagnosed acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) in China, and activity with cephalotaxine esters has also been ...

We studied rotavirus-specific antibodies in paired sera from 71 hospitalized infants with acute rotavirus gastroenteritis. Most of the infants were less than six months old. Infants with serological evidence of a secondary rotavirus infection were excluded. With an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 46% of the 71 infants studied showed specific IgM ...

The present paper describes two Korean male infants, 1. 16 year old and newly born neonate from two families who were diagnosed and managed for one of very rare inborn errors of metabolism, congenital chloridorrhea (Darrow-Gamble syndrome). The diagnosis was suggested by one of the authors (HRM) from the unusual ...

The long-acting somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995 was administered to a six-month-old infant with intractable diarrhea after failure of conventional treatment. During eight weeks of treatment, the secretory component of the diarrhea was positively influenced with a reduction of daily stool weight and stool sodium concentration. Plasma levels of growth hormone ...

A recent study at George Washington University Lipid Research Clinic compared three oral contraceptives containing different progestins and found that increases in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and apoprotein. All were not progestin related. Other effects, however, were apparently dependent on the type of progestin, with the androgenically potent agent dl-norgestrel causing ...

Acute endometritis was induced in ovariectomized pony mares by infusion of a 1% solution of oyster glycogen. Maximum concentrations of immunoreactive leukotriene B4 in uterine washings coincided with the greatest rate of infiltration of neutrophils into the uterine lumen. Concentrations of immunoreactive leukotriene B4 decreased to basal levels 6 h ...

The presenting features and clinical outcome of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) in infants and older children were compared to identify any differences that might suggest methods to improve therapy. Twelve of the 29 infants were boys and 17 were girls, with ages ranging from two days to 12 months (median, ...

Congenital and infant leukemia are rare conditions associated with a very poor prognosis due to the high frequency of adverse clinical and laboratory parameters. As the occurrence of multiple immunoglobulin heavy chain hybridization band in childhood leukemia has been associated with poor prognosis, we studied whether it was present in ...

A total of 62 low birth weight (LBW) neonates (29 boys and 33 girls) suffering from diarrhea in our neonatal intensive care unit were included in this period of intense observation. The mean age was 13.89 +/- 13.22 days and average body weight was 1,500.49 +/- 281.45 g. Severity of ...

Acute diarrhea of bacterial origin is discussed for seven enteric pathogens, and specific antimicrobial therapy based on positive identification is stressed. Selection of patients with self-limited disease not requiring antimicrobial therapy is emphasized in order to avoid costly laboratory tests. The role of daycare facilities in the spread of enteric ...

A randomized ambulatory trial was performed to compare early (6-h) vs. late (24-h) refeeding in acute infantile diarrhea. Ninety infants with mild dehydration were enrolled in the study. Following an initial oral rehydration period (WHO formula), refeeding was introduced using a diet based on either breast milk or cow's milk. ...

A 12-month study of the incidence of acute otitis media in children under three years of age in an urban practice of 10 000 patients showed that acute otitis media accounted for one in 10 of all episodes of illness presented. In contrast to findings in Scandinavia and the USA ...

The clinical response and changes in water and salt homeostasis were studied during oral rehydration therapy (ORT) with a solution containing 90 mmol sodium per 1 (ORS90) in 9 infants less than 2 months old (range 2-60 days). Two infants were still dehydrated 36 hours after starting ORT and were ...

Seventeen infants under 2 months of age are described who presented with methaemoglobinaemia and acute diarrhoea during a period of 2 years. No infants beyond this age presented with such characteristics. In none of them was one of the known mechanisms of methaemoglobin formation found. All infants recovered with conventional ...

Two infants with Down syndrome had transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD) during the neonatal period and subsequently acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL). Histochemically, the blast cells in TMD were indistinguishable from those in ANLL. Only the constitutional chromosome (trisomy 21) was found in TMD, whereas new cytogenetic abnormalities emerged in ANLL. A ...

Weakness, lethargy, ataxia, lateral recumbency, limb paddling, tremors, salivation, and diarrhea were observed in newborn pigs on a commercial swine farm. Many pigs became moribund and died. All had been treated with an aerosol wound spray containing 2.5% chlorpyrifos. A controlled study was undertaken to determine whether the aerosol spray ...

We have examined whether the addition of powdered rice and pulses (Dal moong) to oral rehydration solution will decrease the purging rate and thereby increase the efficacy of the oral rehydration therapy. The study was carried out on 60 male infants, with acute watery diarrhoea, moderate dehydration but without fever, ...

Although there has been a marked decrease in the number of infants with intractable diarrhea in Japan, the difficulty in treating it still remains unchanged. Here we report two infants who suffered presumably from "chronic nonspecific enterocolitis" with resistance to the usual treatment. Besides prolonged diarrhea and weight loss, they ...

The interrelationship between diarrhea, malnutrition, and small bowel integrity was investigated prospectively in 68 Gambian infants aged 0-18 mo. Profiles of growth and morbidity were recorded for 8 mo. Each month intestinal permeability was measured by the differential uptake of orally administered lactulose (L) and mannitol (M). In well infants ...

The epidemiology of diarrhea in colony-born M. nemestrina was studied in 205 neonates and infants in an Infant Primate Research Laboratory (IPRL), and in 248 neonates, juveniles and adolescents up to 4 years of age at a separate breeding and holding facility (Primate Field Station, PFS). Computerized medical records of ...

Vibrio hollisae, a halophilic bacterium isolated from patients with diarrhea, was examined for virulence factor production. Intragastric administration of 2 X 10(7) CFU per mouse elicited fluid accumulation which peaked at ca. 6 h postchallenge in infant mice. An enterotoxin which elongated Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was detected in ...

There are four major categories of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli: enterotoxigenic (a major cause of travelers' diarrhea and infant diarrhea in less-developed countries), enteroinvasive (a cause of dysentery), enteropathogenic (an important cause of infant diarrhea), and enterohemorrhagic (a cause of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome). Besides manifesting distinct clinical patterns, ...

Bacteriological examinations of faecal samples, obtained from 321 infants and children with acute enteritis, were carried out in the pediatric clinic of the University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan from January 1983 to December 1985. Campylobacter jejuni were isolated in 48 infants and children (15%), while Salmonella species in ...

Acute monoblastic leukemia is nonrandomly associated with abnormalities involving 11q. Two infants, one a neonate and the other 19 months of age, had the same hitherto undescribed karyotypic abnormality, t(8;16)(p11;p13), associated with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia M5a. The older child had an additional translocation, t(10;11)(q11;p15), but the chromosome arms affected were ...

In a randomized trial, 62 infants 2 to 35 months of age with dehydration due to acute watery diarrhea were allocated to one of two groups: group A received solution A (World Health Organization-recommended oral rehydration solution), which contained (mmol/L): Na+ 90, K+ 20, Cl- 80, citrate3- 10, and glucose ...

Clinical and laboratory features of 86 infants admitted with diarrhea and dehydration were evaluated prospectively. Human rotavirus (HRV) infection was documented in 35 infants (41%) by the Rotazyme test. Those with HRV gastroenteritis (HRV+ group) had a shorter duration of diarrhea prior to admission, more severe dehydration on presentation, and ...

In an infants' ward, gastroenteritis occurred in five children in two groups, probably by nosocomial spread of adenovirus 31 (three cases) and adenovirus 31 + rotavirus (two cases). The infants recovered well. The DNA of adenovirus 31 isolates was analysed with ten restriction endonucleases and found identical for all five ...

To determine the prevalence of Campylobacter fetus subspecies jejuni-associated appendicitis, we studied, retrospectively, by means of immunohistochemistry, the appendectomy specimens of 116 consecutive patients, operated upon because of suspected acute appendicitis. We found immunohistochemical evidence of Campylobacter fetus subspecies jejuni infection in three patients. These findings were confirmed by electron ...

A newborn infant was diagnosed as having congenital basophilic leukemia, an extremely rare disorder, by examination of cord blood. An ultrastructural cytochemical study was conducted on the blasts of the infant. Granules of basophil blasts showed ultrastructural characteristics of immature basophil granules and were similar in size to those of ...

Thirty-six infants suffering from gastrointestinal diseases during infancy were evaluated for exocrine pancreatic function by means of the pancreozymin-secretin test. Duodenal fluid volume, protein content, and content and peak-specific activity of amylase, lipase, and trypsin were determined following intravenous administration of either pancreozymin (CCK) or secretin. Seven infants receiving long-term ...

Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) infection of Hep-2 cells proceeds through bacterial attachment to cell surface and internalization of adhered bacteria. EPEC attachment is a prerequisite for cell infection and is mediated by adhesins that recognize carbohydrate-containing receptors on cell membrane. Such endocytosis-inducer adhesins (EIA) also promote EPEC binding to infant ...

A 1-year study of the etiology of acute diarrhea complicated by severe (10%) dehydration, active bleeding, shock and cardiovascular collapse, pneumonia, acute renal failure, or seizures in infants under 18 months of age was performed in Cairo, Egypt. Of 145 infants, 19 (13%) died or left the hospital moribund; the ...

Over a 6-week period, 35 (41%) of 86 infants admitted with diarrhea and dehydration were found to have human rotavirus (HRV) gastroenteritis, using the Rotazyme (RTZ) test. Serum transaminase levels were measured on 44 infants on admission and 72 infants during the first 3 days of hospitalization. On admission, RTZ-positive ...

The duodenal microflora was determined qualitatively and quantitatively in a group of infants early in the course of diarrheal disease. Abnormal bacterial overgrowth in the duodenal aspirate was demonstrated in 70%. Coliforms and bacteroides species were present in significant numbers in 53%. No differences were found in the duodenal microflora ...

L/105 (4-deoxy-4'-methylpyrido [1',2'-1,2] imidazo [5,4-c] rifamycin SV; INN: Rifaximin) is a new rifamycin active in vitro against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. The activity of L/105 was comparable to that of rifampicin and, against gram-positive bacteria, higher than that of neomycin. The antibacterial activities of L/105 and rifampicin were equally ...

Children with mild acute gastroenteritis have not been observed for specific evidence of lactose intolerance yet are frequently fed a nonlactose formula. To determine whether such intervention is justified, 85 infants with mild acute gastroenteritis were followed prospectively. Infants were blindly and randomly assigned to 20 calorie/oz formula containing one ...

The duodenal microflora was studied during the first week of diarrhoea in 40 infants with acute infectious diarrhoea of different aetiologies and compared with that in a convalescent group and a group in whom diarrhoea of known aetiology had persisted for more than 14 days after an acute onset. In ...