An infant with a subglottic hemangioma remained in respiratory distress after multiple treatments failed and was found to have an enlarging mediastinal infantile hemangioma compressing the trachea. Treatment with oral propranolol resulted in resolution of symptoms within 2 days and a 50% reduction in lesion size within 1 week.

OBJECTIVE: The goal was to determine the performance of low-risk criteria for serious bacterial illnesses (SBIs) in febrile infants in prospective studies in which empiric antibiotic treatment was withheld, compared with studies (prospective and retrospective) in which empiric antibiotic treatment was administered. METHODS: A search of the English-language literature was ...

Drug-resistant supraventricular tachycardia can cause hemodynamic instability, especially in infants. There are no case-series reports of transcatheter cryoablation treatment for infants with drug-resistant supraventricular tachycardia. Our purpose is to report our experience with transcatheter cryoablation in three infants with drug-resistant supraventricular tachycardia. We reviewed clinical and electrophysiologic data from infants ...

Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) due to opiate withdrawal may result in disruption of the mother-infant relationship, sleep-wake abnormalities, feeding difficulties, weight loss and seizures. To assess the effectiveness and safety of using an opiate compared to a sedative or non-pharmacological treatment for treatment of NAS due to withdrawal from opiates. ...

Objectives. We examined association between incidence rate of low birth weight in liveborn infants and maternal sociodemographic status in Tuzla Canton during 1992-1995 war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods. The present study covers a 22-year period (1988-2009), including the war period (1992-1995), and we retrospectively collected data on a total ...

We present the case of a 2-week-old male infant who repeatedly presented to the pediatric emergency department for fussiness and drainage from a head wound. The infant had an ultimate diagnosis of halo scalp ring, a rare dermatologic condition that is treated conservatively. This condition shares characteristics with infectious processes ...

Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) due to opiate withdrawal may result in disruption of the mother-infant relationship, sleep-wake abnormalities, feeding difficulties, weight loss and seizures. Treatments used to ameliorate symptoms and reduce morbidity include opiates, sedatives and non-pharmacological treatments. To assess the effectiveness and safety of using a sedative compared to ...

We report the first case of lupus-like lesions in an infant with chronic granulomatous disease during the treatment with voriconazole for chronic invasive aspergillosis. The lesions disappeared with termination of the treatment.

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy complications such as pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction and placental abruption are thought to have a common origin related to abnormalities in the development and function of the placenta. OBJECTIVES: To compare, using the best available evidence, the benefits and harms of antenatal antithrombotic therapy to improve ...

It is widely thought that abortion on the grounds of fetal abnormality is morally justified. More controversially, Peter Singer has argued that some infants with severe disabilities ought to be killed. Many disability rights activists object that such claims and practices express disrespect toward disabled persons, even if fetuses and ...

Wide variation exists in the treatment of suspected gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in premature infants; it is unknown to what degree diagnosis and treatment are affected by the treating physician's medical specialty or interpretation of the medical literature. This study involved an online survey of board-certified neonatologists, pediatric pulmonologists, and ...

When considering expensive drug treatment for neonates and infants, how should we decide what we can and cannot afford? Accountably allocating health-care resources can be achieved using a framework that reflects the values a society considers so reflective of the collective will that they have been formally entrenched in law. ...

Two incompatible policies govern medical decision-making for infants aged < 1 year in the United States. One is the Best Interests Standard, which is the older policy, and the other is the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act amendments widely known as the "Baby Doe" rules. The debate over which ...

AIMS: To study various aspects of treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in a Swedish population of extremely preterm infants born before 27 weeks of gestation. METHODS: A national, prospective and population-based study was performed in Sweden from 1 April 2004 to 31 March 2007. The criteria for the treatment ...

OBJECTIVES: Many concerns have been raised regarding the treatment and long-term outcome of infants born with complex genital anomalies. Debate among clinicians, psychologists, ethicists, and patient advocate groups regarding the optimal management of these individuals is ongoing. Although determining the most appropriate gender is a difficult task, this review will ...

OBJECTIVE: To present our experience with minimally invasive percutaneous cystolithotomy (MPCCL) for the treatment of bladder stones in infants aged <1 year. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1 January 2003 to 31 October 2008, 15 boys with a mean (range) age of 8.2 (3.0-11.5) months underwent MPCCL. The mean (range) stone ...

Congenital acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and especially AML-M6 is a rare disease with a poor prognosis. Moreover, reports of treatment outcome of congenital AML-M6 in premature infants are not available. We report the first treated case of congenital AML-M6 in a premature girl, who received a full AML protocol. She ...

Nasal gliomas are uncommon congenital lesions arising from abnormal embryonic development. Clinically, these masses are firm and uncompressible. Histologically, they are made up of astrocytes and neuroglial cells, embedded in fibrous and vascular connective tissue. Proper management of a nasal glioma requires a multidisciplinary approach including an otorhinolaryngologist, radiologist, and ...

Infertility treatments that include ovulation stimulation, both assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) and non-ART ovulation stimulation, are associated with increased risks of multiple birth and concomitant sequelae and adverse outcomes, even among singletons. While a US surveillance system for ART-induced births is ongoing, no population-based tracking system exists for births resulting ...

AIM: To demonstrate the differences in treatment of isolated rectal bleeding (IRB) by comparing two study time period groups and to evaluate whether decreased treatment intensity increased complications during the follow-up period. METHODS: Retrospective recording of medical charts of 307 neonates with IRB during two time periods. RESULTS: The rate ...

Hemangiomas are the most common vascular tumors in children. They occur in 8-12% of all infants and in 22% of premature infants (female: male = 3: 1). Hemangiomas are usually sporadic; their etiology is unknown. A premature female infant, born at 28 weeks of gestation, presented with a large hemangioma ...

Chryseobacterium species are a rare cause of human disease and are usually associated with indwelling devices or altered immune status. This is the first case to our knowledge, of Chryseobacterium indologenes bacteremia in a previously healthy infant. Chryseobacteria are pathogens resistant to the usual empiric treatments for neonatal or infantile ...

Approximately 30 to 40 percent of adults with epilepsy treated chronically with vigabatrin develop concentric visual field constrictions. These deficits are generally mild and asymptomatic, but are usually irreversible, so risks and benefits for vigabatrin treatment must be carefully reviewed. Infantile spasms, a particularly severe form of epilepsy, may respond ...

The treatment of the transsphenoidal sphenopalatine encephalocele in infants has not been thoroughly described in the literature. Pterional and subfrontal transbasal approaches have been reported as the advised treatment for transethmoidal encephalocele, but their feasibility for transsphenoidal encephalocele remains controversial, particularly in neonates. The potential harm to vital structures within ...

A 2-week-old infant developed respiratory failure due to a mediastinal Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma that was complicated by thrombocytopenia and consumptive coagulopathy. Initial surgery was unsuccessful at removing the tumorous infiltration of mediastinal structures. Multiple transfusions with fresh frozen plasma, platelets, and red blood cells were needed for the consumptive coagulopathy, and ...

Hemangioma of infancy is a condition that may be associated with significant morbidity. While evidence most supports the use of corticosteroids, there is no well-defined or Federal Drug Administration (FDA)-approved systemic therapy for hemangioma of infancy. All currently used treatments have significant risks. Dramatic improvement of complicated hemangioma of infancy ...

We prospectively studied the benefits and risks of prolonged treatment with the Pavlik harness in infants with idiopathic developmental dysplasia of the hip. Bracing was continued as long as abduction improved. It was started at a mean age of four months (1 to 6.9). Outcome measures were the number of ...

Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease among adults in the USA; however, the presence of HPV in infants is rare. Condyloma acuminata, a cutaneous, fungating lesion caused by HPV, has a generally mild course that often resolves spontaneously or can be managed both medically and ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether microcurrent therapy is therapeutically effective in infants with torticollis. DESIGN: Prospective, unblinded, controlled trial. SETTING: Bundang CHA Hospital. SUBJECTS: Fifteen infants were included in this study who received torticollis treatment from April to July 2008. The control group (CG) included ...

Some infants with acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) do not respond to first-line therapy, and currently there is no consensus on therapy for these refractory cases. We describe a 12-week-old infant with acute ITP who was unresponsive to intravenous immunoglobulin and corticosteroid, and developed gastrointestinal bleeding. Several combination therapies were ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article was to describe how providers in an Indian NICU reach life-or-death treatment decisions. METHODS: Qualitative in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis were conducted at an Indian nonprofit private tertiary institution that provided advanced neonatal care under conditions of resource scarcity. RESULTS: Compared with ...

To determine whether prenatal treatment with a single course of glucocorticoids (GCs) affects size at birth among full-term infants independent of fetal size before GC administration or exposure to preterm labor (PTL). In all, 105 full-term infants were recruited into three study groups (30 GC treated; 60 controls matched for ...

The accumulation of chyle into the mediastinum after surgical intervention is considered an extremely rare event, which has been previously described only in adulthood. We report on a 9-month-old boy who developed a cervicomediastinal chyloma after excision of a large left-sided supraclavicular cystic hygroma. Notwithstanding considerable tracheal deviation, the infant ...

There are recent reports of effective treatment of cutaneous hemangiomas with Propranolol. The current study aims to assess efficacy of systemic Propranolol for subglottic hemangiomas and to discuss its place among the other available therapies. We report 2 infants with subglottic hemangiomas, which were resistant to other established medical treatments. ...

AIM: The aim of this cohort study was to test the hypothesis that caring for infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) with their mothers on the postnatal ward rather than admit them to the neonatal unit would reduce treatment duration and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: The outcomes of infants ...

The authors describe a case of phthiriasis palpebrarum embedded in the right upper eyelid of a 9-month-old male infant. The patient was successfully treated with mechanical removal of all lice and nits from the eyelashes. In children, phthiriasis palpebrarum should be considered in the differential diagnosis of blepharoconjunctivitis that is ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine if oral clonidine would reduce the duration of opioid detoxification for neonatal abstinence syndrome. METHODS: Infants with intrauterine exposure to methadone or heroin and neonatal abstinence syndrome (2 consecutive modified Finnegan scores of > or =9) were enrolled at 2 hospitals during 2002-2005 and followed until final ...

Achondroplasia, the most common skeletal dysplasia, is caused by a mutation of fibroblast growth factor receptor-3. This disorder is characterized by frontal bossing, midface hypoplasia, otolaryngeal system dysfunction, and rhizomelic short stature. Orthopaedic manifestations are exhibited in the spine and the extremities. In the infant with achondroplasia, foramen magnum stenosis ...

A substantial body of experimental evidence has demonstrated that labels have an impact on infant categorization processes. Yet little is known regarding the nature of the mechanisms by which this effect is achieved. We distinguish between two competing accounts: supervised name-based categorization and unsupervised feature-based categorization. We describe a neurocomputational ...

OBJECTIVE: The goal was to determine whether repeat prenatal corticosteroid treatment alters blood pressure and myocardial wall thickness in neonates. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed in a tertiary perinatal center. Mothers with a singleton, twin, or triplet pregnancy, at a gestational age of <32 weeks, who had ...

The Ponseti method has become a well-established technique for the treatment of clubfoot presenting in the neonatal period. A few reports have discussed the result of this method in older age group. The purpose of this study is to present the results and clinical experience of using the Ponseti method ...

OBJECTIVES: To explore the efficacy and safety of imiquimod 5% cream as a treatment for infantile hemangioma. DESIGN: Phase II, open-label, noncomparative study of imiquimod applied during 16 weeks, with posttherapy follow-up 16 weeks later (8 months total). SETTING: Outpatient pediatric tertiary care referral center in Quebec, Canada. PARTICIPANTS: Healthy ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of adrenal insufficiency in infants with hemangiomas following treatment with systemic glucocorticoids (GCs). DESIGN: Prospective study for 18 months. SETTING: Hemangioma and vascular malformation center at a tertiary care children's hospital. PATIENTS: Sixteen infants with hemangiomas had an adrenal axis evaluation as soon as possible ...

Previously, the possible teratogenic effect of frequently used laxative drug, senna has not been checked in case-control epidemiological study. Objective of the study was the comparison of cases with congenital abnormalities (CAs) and their matched controls without CAs in the population-based large data set of the Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance System ...

We report a case series of four infants with severe autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) who responded to treatment with rituximab and cyclosporine after having failed first line therapy with high-dose steroid (prednisolone 4-8 mg/kg/d). Rituximab was started at 11-90 d from onset due to continued haemolysis; three infants also received ...

BACKGROUND: In children, endoscopic sclerotherapy and variceal ligation (EVL) are the most used techniques for the treatment of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding (VB). However, these techniques achieve poor results in cases of gastric variceal bleeding, and EVL is not applicable in young infants. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate the feasibility, ...

Postmeningitis subdural effusion is rare in neonates when compared to infants and children. For treatment, various modalities are described. Serial subdural punctures and surgical drain placement are advised for cases having a mass effect on imaging. We report a neonate with symptomatic postmeningitis subdural effusion, who failed to respond to ...

We have previously shown a reduction in anaemia and wasting malnutrition in infants <3 years old in Pemba Island, Zanzibar, following repeated anthelminthic treatment for the endemic gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm and Trichuris trichiura. In view of the low intensity of worm infections in this age group, this ...

Intestinal lymphangiectasia (IL) is a potentially fatal disorder of the lymphatic system if it is not recognized and proper treatment initiated. The disease is characterized by lymphocytopenia, peripheral edema, and hypoalbuminemia. Because IL is a rare disease, the symptoms, diagnostic workup, and treatment are unfamiliar to many clinicians. Current literature ...

Since the description by Smellie in 1764, in a French midwifery text, that first suggested an obstetric origin for upper limb birth palsy, great strides have been made in both diagnosis and early and late treatment. This report presents an overview of selected aspects of this complex and extensive subject. ...