Aim: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by severe itching, skin dryness, blistering and remittent-relapse course. The critical feature is a skin barrier dysfunction that leads to epidermal inflammation and to bacterial superinfection. The aim of our study is to assess the usefulness of DermaSilk in reducing dermatitis ...

Aim: The aim of the study is to establish whether healthy full-term breastfed infants require supplemental vitamin D for proper bone mineralization. Methods: Bone mineralization was studied by performing ultrasound scans of 73 healthy full-term subjects at the age of 3 months. The infants were divided into three groups. Group ...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:The fatty acid (FA) composition of breast milk throughout the period of lactation is fairly well understood. What is not known, however, is the FA composition of breast milk at the interface of physiology and pathology of pregnancy. We therefore decided to analyse and compare the differences in the FA ...

Children's vegetable consumption is below the public health recommendations. This study aimed to compare learning mechanisms to increase vegetable acceptance in infants at complementary feeding, namely repeated exposure (RE), flavor-flavor learning (FFL), and flavor-nutrient learning (FNL); measure the stability of the learning effect; and examine the impact of infants' feeding ...

Objective: Abnormal kinematics during swallowing can result in aspiration which may become life threatening. We tested the role of palatal sensation in the motor control of pharyngeal swallow in infants. Study Design: In eight infant pigs, we reduced palatal sensation using local anesthesia (PLA) and measured the impact on swallowing ...

Abstract Background: The aim of this study is to determine the reference values of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) in healthy very preterm infants. Methods: The study was performed on 30 preterm infants whose gestational ages (GA) were between 28-34 weeks. They were divided into three groups according to the ...

IMPORTANCE Community-based interventions can reduce neonatal mortality when health systems are weak. Population coverage of target groups may be an important determinant of their effect on behavior and mortality. A women's group trial at coverage of 1 group per 1414 population in rural Bangladesh showed no effect on neonatal mortality, ...

Maternal and neonatal mortality rates remain high in many low-income and middle-income countries. Different approaches for the improvement of birth outcomes have been used in community-based interventions, with heterogeneous effects on survival. We assessed the effects of women's groups practising participatory learning and action, compared with usual care, on birth ...

Background:One qualitative study has reported that more paternal infant care and housework contributed to the maintenance of breastfeeding. However, few studies have quantitatively investigated these relationships.Objective:This study aimed to examine the association of paternal involvement in infant care and housework with exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months of life.Methods:Data ...

BACKGROUND: Although breast milk has numerous benefits for infants' development, with greater effects in those born preterm (at < 37 gestational weeks), mothers of preterm infants have shorter breastfeeding duration than mothers of term infants. One of the explanations proposed is the difficulties in the transition from a Neonatal Intensive ...

AIM: To compare the influence of three different non-pharmacologic interventions on cortical activation, heart rate and peripheral oxygen saturation (SaO2 ) after heelstick in preterm infants. METHODS: 25 preterm infants between 24 0/7 and 32 0/7 weeks of gestational age were randomized to either oral sucrose (S), facilitated tucking (FT) ...

BACKGROUND: Hemodynamic disorders in patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) may alter the stimulation of the autonomic nervous system. AIM: The objective of this study was to analyze the orthosympathetic-parasympathetic balance in preterm infants with PDA. STUDY DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Patients were included from consecutive admissions to Amiens University Hospital from 2009 ...

OBJECTIVE:Timolol maleate 0.5% gel is a safe and effective medication for treating superficial infantile hemangiomas (IHs) in infants with a median age of 9 weeks.METHODS:Forty-one infants who had superficial IHs without ulceration and not near mucosal surfaces were recruited and randomly assigned to placebo and treatment (timolol maleate 0.5% gel) ...

Background The clinically appropriate range for oxygen saturation in preterm infants is unknown. Previous studies have shown that infants had reduced rates of retinopathy of prematurity when lower targets of oxygen saturation were used. Methods In three international randomized, controlled trials, we evaluated the effects of targeting an oxygen saturation ...

AIM: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for 6 months is recommended for optimal infant health but the evidence for longer-term impacts is weak. We examined whether randomisation to receive EBF counseling (BFC) in rural Bangladeshi women had an impact on childhood growth trajectories and body composition. METHODS: In the Maternal and Infant ...

Infant mammalian feeding consists of rhythmic suck cycles and reflexive pharyngeal swallows. Although we know how oropharyngeal sensation influences the initiation and frequency of suck and swallow cycles, the role of palatal sensation is unknown. We implanted EMG electrodes into the mylohyoid muscle (MH), a muscle active during suckling, and ...

: The purpose of this randomized, controlled trial was to determine if nurse-supported kangaroo holding of healthy preterm infants in the first 8 weeks of the infant's life facilitates early behavioral organization and development. : We randomized 87 infants born between 32 and 35 weeks gestation and their mothers to ...

Vitamin D supplementation in infancy is required to support healthy bone mineral accretion. A supplement of 400 IU of vitamin D per day is thought to support plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations between 40 and 50 nmol/L; some advocate 75 to 150 nmol/L for bone health. To investigate the efficacy ...

The presence of stops in a language implicates the presence of fricatives but the reverse is unattested. Similarly, infants' producing fricatives implies that they acquired stops. The privileged status of stops influences infants' stop/fricative perception. For example, Altvater-Mackensen and Fikkert (2010) reported that Dutch-learning 14-month-olds noticed a fricative to stop ...

To investigate the clinic effectiveness, safety and feasibility of Narcotrend® monitor for evaluation of depth of anesthesia in congenital heart disease (CHD) infants undergoing cardiac surgery. A total of 80 infants receiving general anesthesia in selective surgery were randomly selected. Infants were assigned into two groups (n=40 per group). In ...

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) imaging studies have revealed the functional development of the human brain in early infancy. By measuring spontaneous fluctuations in cerebral blood oxygenation with NIRS, we can examine the developmental status of the functional connectivity of networks in the cortex. However, it has not been clarified whether premature ...

Background: Short-acting opioids like remifentanil are suspected of an increased risk for tolerance, withdrawal and opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH). These potential adverse effects have never been investigated in neonates. Objectives: To compare remifentanil and fentanyl concerning the incidence of tolerance, withdrawal and OIH. Methods: 23 mechanically ventilated infants received up to ...

BACKGROUND: The use of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) in preterm infants has been documented and results from previous studies suggest the association between OMT and length of stay (LOS) reduction, as well as significant improvements in several clinical outcomes. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect ...

PURPOSE: To assess the validity of the diagnostic codes of congenital malformations (CMs) recorded in two of Québec's administrative databases. METHODS: A cohort of pregnancies and infants born to asthmatic and non-asthmatic women in 1990-2002 was reconstructed using Québec's administrative databases. From this cohort, we selected 269 infants with a ...

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to examine the whether (Asymmetric dimethylarginine) ADMA concentrations are associated with ventricular function in the infant of mothers with gestational diabetes. Methods Twenty-five term newborns of mothers with gestational diabetes and term newborns as the control group (n=25) with normal general health ...

Objective To describe short-term neurodevelopmental outcome of infants operated on for congenital anomalies (CA) and assess the impact of type of CA on the outcome.Study Design From 2008 to 2010 newborns operated on for CA were enrolled in a cross-sectional follow-up study including three distinct groups: infants of 6 months ...

AIM: Hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) is frequently observed in premature infants. This study was conducted to explore whether the blood BNP can be a valuable biomarker to assess the necessity of treatment for hsPDA in premature infants. METHODS: Serial measurements of the blood BNP were performed during the ...

OBJECTIVE: this study evaluates how an internet-based intervention affects mothers' parenting satisfaction, infant centrality and depressive symptoms. DESIGN: a quasi-experimental design and repeated measures were used. SETTINGS: this study was conducted in two Finnish public maternity hospitals (intervention/control). PARTICIPANTS: a convenience sample (N=1300) of primiparous and multiparous Finnish-speaking mothers were ...

AIMS: To examine morphology and mechanical properties of the atrial 'intima', which we defined as the tissue interposed between atrial endocardium and myocardium, in patients without known cardiovascular disease.METHODS AND RESULTS: Post-mortem right and left atrial tissue was obtained from male infants (<1 year, n = 4), children (10-19 years, ...

BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence suggests that preterm birth affects later lung function. We systematically reviewed the literature to determine whether percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (%FEV1) is lower in later life in preterm-born subjects, with or without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), compared with term-born controls. METHODS: Studies reporting %FEV1, ...

PURPOSE: To identify and compare the profile of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in premature babies in urban and semiurban neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). METHODS: A prospective study of babies admitted to NICUs of two urban and seven semiurban centres. They were <36 weeks of gestational age and were subjected ...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of Hirschsprung disease (HD) in the premature infant population is not well documented. However, delayed passage of stool is common in premature infants, and suction rectal biopsy (SRB) is often used to evaluate for HD in this population. The use of SRB is unknown. Therefore, we evaluated ...

Background:Studies have identified numerous factors affecting breastfeeding initiation and duration, including maternal education, mode of delivery, birth weight, socioeconomic status, and support of the infant's father.Objective:The objective was to investigate the effects of an antenatal education session and postnatal support targeted to fathers.Methods:The Fathers Infant Feeding Initiative (FIFI Study) is ...

AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the characteristics of spontaneous movements in preterm infants at term age and developmental delay at 3 years of age. METHOD: We analysed video recordings of the spontaneous movements in the supine position of 124 preterm infants (44 males, 80 ...

Breastfeeding self-efficacy interventions are important for improving breastfeeding outcomes. However, the circumstances that may influence the effectiveness of the interventions are unclear, especially in the context of hospitals with suboptimal infant feeding practices. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effect of a self-efficacy intervention on breastfeeding self-efficacy and exclusive breastfeeding, ...

Objective:To investigate the impact of probiotic Bifidobacterium longum ssp. infantis on the fecal microbiota and plasma cytokines in neonates with congenital heart disease.Study design:Sixteen infants with congenital heart disease were randomly assigned to receive either B. infantis (4.2 × 10(9) colony-forming units two times daily) or placebo for 8 weeks. ...

Objective:The objective of this study was to determine the effect of incrementally higher doses of iron on the zinc protoporphyrin to heme ratio (ZnPP/H) and serum ferritin, and developmental outcomes in premature infants at risk for iron deficiency.Study Design:Infants eligible for this prospective, randomized blinded trial were between 27 and ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare maternal competence and responsiveness in mothers of late preterm infants (LPIs) with mothers of full-term infants. DESIGN: A nonexperimental repeated-measures design was used to compare maternal competence and responsiveness in two groups of postpartum mothers and the relationship of the theoretical antecedents to these outcomes. SETTING: Urban ...

Objective To determine whether maternal vitamin C and vitamin E supplementation after the premature rupture of membranes is associated with an increase in the latency period before delivery.Methods In the present prospective open randomized trial, 229 pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) at ≥ 24.0 and < ...

Abstract Background: The variability of particle deposition in infant and child nasal airways is significant due to the airway geometry and breathing rate. Estimation of particle deposition in the nasal airway of this age group is necessary, especially for inhalation drug delivery application. Previous studies on nasal aerosol deposition were ...

BACKGROUND: Birthweight and gestational age are associated with socioeconomic deprivation, but the evidence in relation to temporal changes in these associations is sparse. We investigated changes in the associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and birthweight and gestational age in Newcastle upon Tyne, North of England, during 1961-2000. METHODS: We used ...

Exclusive breast-feeding until 6 months is advised by the WHO as the best practice to feed infants. Yet, some studies have suggested a gap between energy requirements and the energy provided by human milk for many infants at 6 months. In order to assess the adequacy of WHO recommendations in ...

Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is one of the most commonly administered vaccines worldwide. In addition to protection against tuberculosis (TB), evidence suggests that BCG immunisation has a number of additional beneficial non-specific immunological effects. These include a reduction in overall infant and child mortality attributable to causes other than TB in ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the analgesic superiority and the safety equivalence of continuous fentanyl infusions versus fentanyl boluses in preterm infants on mechanical ventilation. STUDY DESIGN: In this multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial, mechanically ventilated newborns (≤32(+6) weeks gestational age) were randomized to fentanyl (continuous infusion of fentanyl plus open-label boluses ...

Background.Candida mannan (Mn) detection in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was shown to be useful for earlier identification and preemptive therapy targeting in preterm infants at high risk of invasive candida infection (ICI). We investigated whether early detection of Candida Mn in BALF is associated with the presence of some neutrophilic ...

ABSTRACT Objective: The ability to predict birth trauma (BT) based on the currently recognized risk factors is limited and there is little information regarding the short-term neonatal outcome following BT. we aimed to identify risk factors for BT and to evaluate the effect of BT on short term neonatal outcome. ...

ABSTRACT Antenatal Steroids (AS) have been shown to enhance fetal maturation in preterms and to improve outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of AS in premature severely IUGR infants. The electronic data of 149 inborn, single infants born 24 to 31 6/7 wks of GA ...

The daily supplementation of vitamin D is mandatory for infants. However, there are still conflicting opinions about the exact daily dose. Thus, we aimed to evaluate a daily supplementation dose of 200 IU is sufficient and compared the supplementation doses of 200 and 400 IU per day. One hundred and sixty-nine infants ...

Do rhinovirus lower respiratory tract infections (RV) LRTIs in prematurely born infants increase health related cost of care during infancy? Patients and methods: 153 infants born <36 weeks of gestation were prospectively followed to one year. Cost of care was calculated from the NHS reference costing scheme and health care ...

Mothers in prison represent a high-risk parenting population. New Beginnings is an attachment-based group intervention designed specifically for mothers and babies in prison. This cluster randomized trial examined the outcomes for 88 mothers and babies participating in the New Beginnings program and 75 dyads residing in prisons where the intervention ...