Abstract Background: Volume guaranteed (VG) synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) is a novel mode of SIMV that provides automatic adjustment of the peak inspiratory pressure for ensuring a minimum set tidal volume and there are limited data about the effects of VG ventilation on short term neonatal outcomes in preterm ...

Abstract Objectives: Small for gestational age (SGA) premature infants are at increased risk for complications. We aimed to evaluate if SGA infants are at higher risk for presenting renal insufficiency in the newborn period compared to appropriate for gestational age (AGA) premature infants. Methods: We conducted a retrospective case-control study ...

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to compare cord blood S100B levels and cord blood gas parameters of term infants with meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) to those infants with clear amniotic fluid. Methods: Term pregnant women at an active phase of labor and having MSAF were defined ...

Preterm newborns are at high risk of neurological injury. In this population, we investigated the link between neurological complications and sleep architecture. At term-corrected gestational age, we studied retrospectively the polysomnography of 45 preterm infants born at < 28 weeks or weighting < 1 kg. These infants were followed-up by ...

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most frequent chronic lung disease in preterm newborn infants. It is a multifactorial disease caused by the interaction between environmental and genetic factors. The aim of this study is to identify genetic variants contributing to BPD development using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. We prospectively evaluated ...

BACKGROUND:Late preterm infants (LPIs) (34-36 weeks' gestation) account for up to 75% of preterm births and constitute a significant proportion of all neonatal admissions. This study assessed the impact of neonatal intensive or high-dependency care (IC) on developmental outcomes of LPIs at 3 years of age.METHODS:This cohort study included 225 ...

Abstract Objectives: To determine the normal range of ionized magnesium (IMg) levels in cord blood during preterm gestation and to investigate whether antenatal Mg administration affects neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) or patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, we reviewed 118 pregnant women with antenatal Mg administration ...

: To explore the application of a novel relaxation method (the M Technique) in hospitalized very preterm infants in a level IIIC neonatal intensive care unit. : A feasibility, observational intervention study. : Ten very preterm infants were enrolled to receive the treatment intervention. Eligible infants born less than 30 ...

Inappropriate complementary feeding practices have led to, in part, significant disparities in growth and nutritional status between rural and urban children in China. A cluster-randomised, controlled trial was implemented in Laishui, China to assess the effectiveness of an educational intervention on caregivers' feeding practices and children's growth. Eight townships were ...

Extremely-low-birth-weight infants (ELBW) should be given nutrients to enable them to grow at the same rate as foetuses of the same gestational age, and lean body components, particularly the brain, are dependent on protein intake. Fortified human milk remains the best food for these preterms. Two groups of preterm infants ...

The present study aimed to examine parental psychological distress and confidence after an infant's birth, when parenting an infant with a diagnosis of a congenital anomaly, and to understand the role of attachment representations on parental adjustment. Parents of infants with a congenital anomaly (44 couples) and parents of healthy ...

Abstract Objective: to assess the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in late preterm (34(0/7)-36(6/7)) and just term (37(0/7)-37(6/7)) infants born via elective caesarean section (CS) in a tertiary care maternity facility. Methods: retrospective cohort study between 2005 and 2009. 188 near term infants, divided in 2 groups: groupe A: ...

Objective. To compare perinatal outcomes of late small-for-gestational age (SGA, birthweight <10th percentile) infants, according to antenatal recognition. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Tertiary referral centre. Population: All singleton pregnancies with SGA (birthweight <10th percentile) infants born ≥ 36 weeks' gestation from January 2007 to April 2009. Methods: Chart review of ...

To alleviate vitamin A (VA) deficiency (VAD) in Senegal, understanding the relationship between VA status of lactating women and their 6-mo-old infants is important. This study measured 6-mo-old infants' VA intake from human milk and assessed the VA status of mothers and infants. A comprehensive study was undertaken in 34 ...

Recent research has shown that infants are more likely to engage with in-group over out-group members. However, it is not known whether infants' learning is influenced by a model's group membership. This study investigated whether 14-month-olds (N = 66) selectively imitate and adopt the preferences of in-group versus out-group members. Infants watched ...

BACKGROUND:: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) cause serious bacterial infections (SBIs) and are associated with morbidity and mortality in newborn infants. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) reduces early-onset SBIs caused by GBS. The effect of IAP on late-onset SBIs caused by these organisms is unknown. METHODS:: We ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare reduction in incidence of feed intolerance in neonates born with meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) by use of gastric lavage to those who did not receive lavage. METHODS: This Randomized controlled trial was conducted in all vigorous newborns delivered through MSAF, with birth weight ≥1800 g and gestation ...

Background. African American infants in San Francisco suffer a mortality rate two to three times higher than Whites, yet prior discussion groups with African American residents suggested they were unaware of this disparity. Methods. Social marketing techniques were used to develop and implement three campaigns to increase awareness. The campaign ...

Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) have associated extracardiac co-morbidities at the time of surgery and during ongoing growth and development. Perioperative events include disrupted glucose homeostasis, capillary leak, and fluid retention. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has an important role in homeostasis in that the secretion of cortisol contributes to ...

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the leading genetic cause of autism, accounting for approximately 5% of autism cases with as many as 50% of individuals with FXS meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for autistic disorder. Both FXS and idiopathic autism (IA) are attributed to genetic causes; however, FXS is an identified single ...

BACKGROUND: Elevated cytokine concentrations were observed in tracheal aspirate fluid (TAF) of infants on mechanical ventilation who subsequently developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). However, there are few reports that systematically evaluate the amount of TAF as an indicator of BPD development. AIM: To clarify whether TAF volume during the first week ...

We report a longitudinal study investigating developmental changes in the structure of attention engagement during early infancy. Forty-three infants were observed monthly from 2 to 4 months. Attention engagement was assessed from play interactions with parents, using a coding system developed by Bakeman and Adamson (1984). The results indicated a ...

OBJECTIVE: To identify and quantitatively determine Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the umbilical cord blood (UCB) of neonates born at different gestational periods. METHODS: UCB was collected at birth in neonates of three different gestational groups. The mononuclear cells (MNCs) were phenotypically analyzed by flow cytometer. RESULTS: The yield of ...

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) by pulse oximetry levels and umbilical cord arterial pH values in healthy newborns during the first 15 minutes of life. The study was performed with healthy term, appropriate-for-gestational-age newborn infants. The infants were divided in two ...

BACKGROUND:: Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) are a robust, multipotent cell source. They exhibit promise in a variety of applications including wound healing, soft-tissue augmentation, and osseous regeneration. They are easily harvested, available among, and utilized across any age-group. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact ...

OBJECTIVE: Skin-to-skin contact (SSC) promotes physiological stability and interaction between parents and infants. Temporal analyses of predictability in EEG-sleep time series can elucidate functional brain maturation between SSC and non-SSC cohorts at similar post-menstrual ages (PMAs). METHODS: Sixteen EEG-sleep studies were performed on eight preterm infants who received 8weeks of ...

OBJECTIVES: Infant crying is particularly frustrating to caregivers in the first few months of life and the most common trigger for shaking and abuse. The effectiveness of the Period of PURPLE Crying prevention materials (DVD and booklet) designed to increase knowledge and change behaviors related to crying and the dangers ...

Abstract Objective: To investigate for any association between episodes of apnea, desaturation and bradycardia and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Methods: Case-control study in infants of gestational age < 30 wks. For each NEC case we selected two controls. During the period from 2001 to 2007, data was extracted from the nurse's ...

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of orally administered Saccharomyces boulardii (S.boulardii) on the course of hyperbilirubinemia and duration of treatment in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Methods: Infants with a gestational age of ≤32 weeks and birth weight of ≤1500 g were enrolled. The infants in the study ...

The publication of Swiss guidelines for the care of infants at the limit of viability (22-25 completed weeks) was followed by increased survival rates in the more mature infants (25 completed weeks). At the same time, considerable centre-to-centre (CTC) differences were noted. To examine the trend of survival rates of ...

Recent investigations have shown that late preterm infants have increased risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, neurosensory impairment, and emotional, behavior and learning problems. Vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) abnormality may partly contribute to these problems. Our aim was to measure VEMP in late preterm infants and to compare the ...

In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of Candida parapsilosis sepsis in preterm infants. In this retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 11 cases of Candida parapsilosis sepsis and 13 cases of C. albicans sepsis, the two groups were compared for research using one-way analysis of ...

Ductus arteriosus is a normal connecting blood vessel between the pulmonary artery and aorta in the fetus. However, if the ductus arteriosus is not closed and maintained as the open state even after 72 h of the birth, this is called a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Intravenous indomethacin is the ...

Daptomycin is approved for the treatment of complicated skin and skin-structure infections and Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. We sought to characterize daptomycin single-dose pharmacokinetics and tolerability in young infants. Subjects < 120 days of age with suspected systemic infections were eligible for inclusion. Each subject was given a single 6 mg/kg ...

Radical vaginal trachelectomy (RVT) as a fertility-preserving surgery in patients with early-stage cervical cancer is proven to be oncologically safe. After RVT, pregnancy rates vary between 40 % and 80 %. Outcome of infants is complicated by a preterm delivery rate of 30 – 50 %. We investigated pregnancy and ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The use of mother's own breast milk during initial hospitalization has a positive impact not only in reducing potential serious neonatal morbidities but also contribute to improvements in neurodevelopmental outcomes. Mothers of very preterm infants struggle to maintain a supply of breast milk during their infants' prolonged hospitalization. ...

Background: Respiratory failure due to lung immaturity is a major cause of mortality in preterm infants. Although the use of intermittent positive pressure ventilation in neonates with respiratory failure saves lives, its use is associated with lung injury and chronic lung disease (CLD). A newer form of ventilation called high-frequency ...

Objective:The study investigated the ability of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to detect subgroups of preterm infants who benefit most from red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in regard to cerebral/renal tissue oxygenation (i) and the number of general oxygen desaturation below 80% (SaO(2) <80%) (ii).Study Design:Cerebral regional (crSO(2)) and peripheral regional (prSO(2)) ...

Abstract Objective: To identify possible effects of levonorgestrel used as an emergency contraceptive during breastfeeding on mothers and their infants. Study Design: A prospective observational cohort study of all women who contacted the Teratology Information Service between January, 2005 and January, 2010. Breastfeeding women who used levonorgestrel as an emergency ...

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to full term neonates born to mothers with intrapartum fever. Methods: In a retrospective study, neonates born to mothers with intrapartum fever, (≥37.8 °C), were compared to control group matched by gestational age and birthweight. Results: Overall, 159 singleton full term ...

Context:Guidelines in Finland recommend 10 μg of vitamin D3 daily for all infants. Recent observations suggest that this may be insufficient to maintain optimal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25-OHD).Objective:The aim of the study was to evaluate effects of various vitamin D doses and determine a dose ensuring S-25-OHD of at least ...

OBJECTIVES:Cobedding of preterm twin infants provides tactile, olfactory, and auditory stimulation and may affect pain reactivity. We carried out a randomized trial to assess the effect of cobedding on pain reactivity and recovery in preterm twin neonates.METHODS:Stable preterm twins (n = 67 sets) between 28 and 36 weeks of gestational ...

Background: Despite advances in clinical care, the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains high in premature infants. Erythropoietin (EPO) is used for the treatment of anemia of prematurity (AOP) to decrease blood transfusion needs. EPO has been shown to mobilize circulating endothelial progenitor cells and to enhance lung repair in ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Fecal calprotectin (FC) is an established simple biomarker of gut inflammation. To examine a possible relationship between linear growth and gut inflammation, we compared fecal calprotectin levels in 6 month old infants from poor rural vs affluent urban families. METHODS: The project was a cross-sectional comparison of FC ...

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is very common. Phototherapy has been used for decades to prevent severe hyperbilirubinemia, which can cause kernicterus. To compare the effectiveness of two phototherapy devices in reducing plasma bilirubin and duration of phototherapy in non-severe hyperbilirubinemia. This was an open-label randomized controlled trial. Forty healthy infants aged between ...

to evaluate the relationship between ductus venous (DV) and Doppler velocimetry in neonatal outcome in severe compromised preterm fetuses. the study was designed as an observational and cross-sectional study with 52 premature neonates with brain sparing effect. The criteria of neonatal severe morbidity were: severe intraventricular hemorrhage (grades 3 or ...

Postnatal growth restriction and failure to thrive still remain a major problem in Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW) infants . The goal for the nutritional care of these infants is to achieve rate of growth similar to those of the fetus in utero at the equivalent gestational age. Human milk ...

Abstract Group B Streptococcus is a known cause of neonatal sepsis, being more common in the early period by maternal genital tract transmission and less so in the late neonatal period, ascribed to intestinal colonization or horizontal transmission. Although breastmilk transmission of Group B Streptococcus has rarely been reported in ...

Aim:  Most analyses of end of life decisions in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) have come from Europe/English-speaking countries. Would decisions be different in Latin American NICUs? Therefore, we aim to evaluate the approach to dying infants/families in NICUs in Latin America. Methods:  Multinational descriptive study of all deaths in ...

To examine the relation between life satisfaction and obstetric outcomes in the United States. Based on the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System life satisfaction results (2005-2008), the 50 states and Washington, DC were categorized into higher, middle, and lower life satisfaction groups. We obtained data from the Centers for Disease ...