Background:Studies have identified numerous factors affecting breastfeeding initiation and duration, including maternal education, mode of delivery, birth weight, socioeconomic status, and support of the infant's father.Objective:The objective was to investigate the effects of an antenatal education session and postnatal support targeted to fathers.Methods:The Fathers Infant Feeding Initiative (FIFI Study) is ...

AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the characteristics of spontaneous movements in preterm infants at term age and developmental delay at 3 years of age. METHOD: We analysed video recordings of the spontaneous movements in the supine position of 124 preterm infants (44 males, 80 ...

Breastfeeding self-efficacy interventions are important for improving breastfeeding outcomes. However, the circumstances that may influence the effectiveness of the interventions are unclear, especially in the context of hospitals with suboptimal infant feeding practices. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effect of a self-efficacy intervention on breastfeeding self-efficacy and exclusive breastfeeding, ...

Objective:To investigate the impact of probiotic Bifidobacterium longum ssp. infantis on the fecal microbiota and plasma cytokines in neonates with congenital heart disease.Study design:Sixteen infants with congenital heart disease were randomly assigned to receive either B. infantis (4.2 × 10(9) colony-forming units two times daily) or placebo for 8 weeks. ...

Objective:The objective of this study was to determine the effect of incrementally higher doses of iron on the zinc protoporphyrin to heme ratio (ZnPP/H) and serum ferritin, and developmental outcomes in premature infants at risk for iron deficiency.Study Design:Infants eligible for this prospective, randomized blinded trial were between 27 and ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare maternal competence and responsiveness in mothers of late preterm infants (LPIs) with mothers of full-term infants. DESIGN: A nonexperimental repeated-measures design was used to compare maternal competence and responsiveness in two groups of postpartum mothers and the relationship of the theoretical antecedents to these outcomes. SETTING: Urban ...

Objective To determine whether maternal vitamin C and vitamin E supplementation after the premature rupture of membranes is associated with an increase in the latency period before delivery.Methods In the present prospective open randomized trial, 229 pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) at ≥ 24.0 and < ...

Abstract Background: The variability of particle deposition in infant and child nasal airways is significant due to the airway geometry and breathing rate. Estimation of particle deposition in the nasal airway of this age group is necessary, especially for inhalation drug delivery application. Previous studies on nasal aerosol deposition were ...

BACKGROUND: Birthweight and gestational age are associated with socioeconomic deprivation, but the evidence in relation to temporal changes in these associations is sparse. We investigated changes in the associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and birthweight and gestational age in Newcastle upon Tyne, North of England, during 1961-2000. METHODS: We used ...

Exclusive breast-feeding until 6 months is advised by the WHO as the best practice to feed infants. Yet, some studies have suggested a gap between energy requirements and the energy provided by human milk for many infants at 6 months. In order to assess the adequacy of WHO recommendations in ...

Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is one of the most commonly administered vaccines worldwide. In addition to protection against tuberculosis (TB), evidence suggests that BCG immunisation has a number of additional beneficial non-specific immunological effects. These include a reduction in overall infant and child mortality attributable to causes other than TB in ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the analgesic superiority and the safety equivalence of continuous fentanyl infusions versus fentanyl boluses in preterm infants on mechanical ventilation. STUDY DESIGN: In this multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial, mechanically ventilated newborns (≤32(+6) weeks gestational age) were randomized to fentanyl (continuous infusion of fentanyl plus open-label boluses ...

Background.Candida mannan (Mn) detection in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was shown to be useful for earlier identification and preemptive therapy targeting in preterm infants at high risk of invasive candida infection (ICI). We investigated whether early detection of Candida Mn in BALF is associated with the presence of some neutrophilic ...

ABSTRACT Objective: The ability to predict birth trauma (BT) based on the currently recognized risk factors is limited and there is little information regarding the short-term neonatal outcome following BT. we aimed to identify risk factors for BT and to evaluate the effect of BT on short term neonatal outcome. ...

ABSTRACT Antenatal Steroids (AS) have been shown to enhance fetal maturation in preterms and to improve outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of AS in premature severely IUGR infants. The electronic data of 149 inborn, single infants born 24 to 31 6/7 wks of GA ...

The daily supplementation of vitamin D is mandatory for infants. However, there are still conflicting opinions about the exact daily dose. Thus, we aimed to evaluate a daily supplementation dose of 200 IU is sufficient and compared the supplementation doses of 200 and 400 IU per day. One hundred and sixty-nine infants ...

Do rhinovirus lower respiratory tract infections (RV) LRTIs in prematurely born infants increase health related cost of care during infancy? Patients and methods: 153 infants born <36 weeks of gestation were prospectively followed to one year. Cost of care was calculated from the NHS reference costing scheme and health care ...

Mothers in prison represent a high-risk parenting population. New Beginnings is an attachment-based group intervention designed specifically for mothers and babies in prison. This cluster randomized trial examined the outcomes for 88 mothers and babies participating in the New Beginnings program and 75 dyads residing in prisons where the intervention ...

Continuous color changes of an array of elements appear to stop changing if the array undergoes a coherent motion. This silencing illusion was demonstrated for adults by Suchow and Alvarez (Current Biology, 2011, vol. 21, pp. 140-143). The current forced-choice preferential looking study examined 4-month-old infants' sensitivity to the silencing ...

Objective: To evaluate the perinatal outcome of intrauterine growth-restricted preterm twins and contribution of prematurity to morbidity and mortality. Study design: A case-control study of 211 preterm twins: 108 growth-restricted twins matched with 103 normal growth twins of the same gestational age. Mortality and morbidity rates were compared between groups. ...

Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the main disabilities in term-born infants. This study attempts to investigate the maternal and neonatal factors associated with CP. This case-control study consisted of singleton term and near-term (36 or more weeks of gestation) newborns in Tehran health-care centers and was conducted over a ...

Bordetella pertussis is a highly contagious bacterial disease currently on the rise in the United States. The most vulnerable age group is infants younger than 1 year old. The reasons for the current outbreak are multifactorial. The following is a case report describing a recent case of Bordetella pertussis infection ...

Objective Quantify neonatal morbidity by week of gestation for twins compared with singletons.Study Design We performed a population-based retrospective cohort study of all Ohio births from 2006 to 2007. Composite neonatal morbidity consisting of Apgar score < 7 at 5 minutes, assisted ventilation > 6 hours, neonatal transport, or seizures ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate association between vitamin D status and recurrent wheezing in infants. METHODS: Thirty infants with recurrent wheezing and 45 healthy, similar aged infants without any history of acute or chronic illness were included in the study. The clinical features of infants were recorded and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] ...

The present study evaluated the socio-emotional development of very preterm born infants at 12 months corrected age. Forty-one infants born very preterm (<29 weeks of gestation) were compared to 22 infants born full term on a standardized behavioral assessment and a parental temperament questionnaire, both measuring emotional reactivity to joy, ...

Objective. Our hypothesis is that specific proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory urinary cytokines are useful in the diagnostic evaluation of risk for sepsis in term neonates. We conducted a pilot, prospective hospital-based longitudinal observational study to test the urine of term neonates with a 13 biomarker panel of cytokines. Methods. Infants were ...

We report a case of sudden unexpected death due to late onset neonatal group B streptococcal sepsis. A male neonate weighing 2731g was born at 35week gestational age, and discharged at the age of 4days after the birth. At 6days after the discharge (10days after the birth), because of consciousness ...

The purpose of this study was to determine how mothers of preterm infants perceive the feasibility and acceptability of a guided feeding intervention. In this multiple case study design, feasibility was assessed by retention of participants through all intervention sessions. Acceptability was assessed with a semi-structured interview. Participants found the ...

The remaining population of Macaca mulatta tcheliensis, approximately 3,000 individuals, is currently confined to the southern region of Mount Taihangshan, northern China. Using data collected from February 2003 to November 2012, we examined female reproductive characteristics in a seasonally food supplemented free-ranging group of M. m. tcheliensis (Wangwu 1, WW-1), ...

BACKGROUND: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal emergencies in newborn infants but up to now there is no completely effective treatment for it. OBJECTIVE: In order to show that a combination of melatonin and prostaglandins may be useful to save lives, we use newborn rat as ...

AIM: Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has increased the incidences of multiple gestations and low birth weights, which frequently warrant pediatric surgery. ART may have also increased the rate of birth defects. In this study, we aimed to determine whether infants conceived after ART required neonatal surgery more frequently compared with ...

AIM: The study aims to identify pain management practices used during scheduled childhood immunisation. METHODS: A survey of members of the Australian Nurses Federation (Victorian Branch) Immunisation Nurses Special Interest Group. Questions included frequency of use of pain reduction strategies during immunisations for infants, toddlers and children, injection techniques and ...

Rationale Histological data from fatal cases suggests that extreme prematurity results in persisting alveolar damage. However, there is new evidence that human alveolarization might continue throughout childhood and could contribute to alveolar repair. Objectives To examine whether alveolar damage in extreme-preterm survivors persists into late childhood, we compared alveolar dimensions ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate refractive error in infants who underwent intravitreal bevacizumab injection for treatment of threshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). DESIGN: Retrospective nonrandomized interventional comparative study. METHODS: The study group included all infants who consecutively received a single intravitreal bevacizumab (0.375 mg or 0.625 mg) injection for therapy of threshold ROP in ...

Abstract Objective: To test the hypothesis that lutein, compared to the placebo, would enhance the total antioxidant status (TAS) in the preterm infants. Methods: Infants with gestational age ≤34 weeks were randomly assigned to receive a daily dose of lutein and zeaxanthin (0.5 mg + 0.02 mg/Kg/day) or placebo from ...

BACKGROUND: There are several studies that have shown an increased risk of premature birth and developmental abnormalities with in vitro fertilization (IVF); however, the data on preterm mortality and morbidity are limited.Aim: Our aim is to investigate whether IVF had an effect on the mortality and morbidity in neonates admitted ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and cognitive impairment in 5-year-old children born very preterm. STUDY DESIGN: The Etude Epidémiologique sur les Petits Ages Gestationnels Study is a population-based cohort of children followed up from birth to age 5 years recruited in 9 French ...

OBJECTIVE: Large- (LGA) and appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) infants differ in body fat mass and metabolic/endocrine mechanisms. We aimed to investigate in LGA and AGA infants possible alterations in cord blood levels of insulin and the adipokines vaspin and omentin-1 which are secreted by the adipose tissue and are implicated in ...

Objective: To evaluate the risk for congenital malformations diagnosed at birth following Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) treatments compared with live births conceived spontaneously. Methods: A retrospective cohort study including 9,042 live births following ART and 213,288 spontaneously conceived live births during the period 1997-2004. The cohort was linked to the ...

The aim of the study was to compare the composition of the fecal microbiotas of infants fed goat milk formula to those fed cow milk formula, or breast milk as the 'gold standard'. Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene sequences was used in the analysis of the microbiotas in stool samples ...

Iron and vitamin D deficiencies cause a variety of health issues in children, which might have long-lasting effects even in asymptomatic cases. The present study sought to elucidate the potential association between iron status and serum vitamin D levels in infants. We evaluated 102 infants aged 3-24 months who visited ...

To investigate the association between necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and red blood cell transfusions in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants. We studied were 180 VLBW preterm infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of CHA Gangnam Hospital from January of 2006 to December of 2009. The ...

Infants are potentially more susceptible to brain injury mediated via cell death attributed to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) especially with prolonged hypothermic low flow (HLF). We hypothesized that a human urinary protease inhibitor (ulinastatin), by its anti-inflammatory effect, would reduce central nervous system (CNS) injury during HLF. Fifteen general-type infant piglets ...

Being born small for gestational age (SGA) can be a reference to intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and is associated with increased neonatal morbidity and mortality. In pregnancies complicated by IUGR placental insufficiency is thought to be one of the leading underlying pathogenetic mechanisms. As cytokines appear to be implicated in ...

Despite its benign, natural course, colic is a significant problem in babies and imparts a psychological and physical burden to parents. This study has examined the relief of colic symptoms when using BornFree ActiveFlow baby bottles by comparing observed symptoms of 30 otherwise healthy newborns (ages 2-21 weeks) who had ...

Purpose: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an ascending infection of fecal uropathogens, urogenital lactobacilli are suggested to play a role in the prevention of UTI. This study was to investigate whether lactobacillus mixture (LM) could prevent the experimental infantile UTI. Materials and Methods: The LM were composed of three lactobacillus ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare iron status in breastfed infants randomized to groups receiving complementary feeding regimens that provided iron from fortified infant cereals or meats, and to examine the development of the enteric microbiota in these groups. STUDY DESIGN: Forty-five exclusively breastfed 5-month-old infants were randomized to 1 of 3 feeding ...

OBJECTIVES:: Preterm infants undergo frequent painful procedures in the neonatal intensive care unit. Electroencephalography (EEG) changes in reaction to invasive procedures have been reported in preterm and full-term neonates. Frontal EEG asymmetry as an index of emotion during tactile stimulation shows inconsistent findings in full-term infants, and has not been ...

Background: Oxygen delivery to the brain is dependent on cardiac output and arterial oxygen content. Objectives: The study was designed to investigate the influence of a left-to-right shunt via the ductus arteriosus (DA) on regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) of the brain and peripheral tissue during postnatal transition. Methods: Nested case-control ...

Background: A new mode of surfactant administration without intubation - less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) - has recently been described for premature infants. Objective: We report single-center outcome data of extremely premature infants who have been managed by LISA in our department. Mortality and morbidity rates of the cohort were ...