Purpose. This study's aim was to explore relationships between preterm infant behavioral outcomes and maternal/infant glucocorticoid (dexamethasone [DEX]) treatments using a psychoneuroimmunologic approach. Research questions were (a) do relationships exist between infant cumulative perinatal steroid (PNS) exposure and child behavioral problems? and (b) do maternal/infant characteristics (e.g., immune markers and ...

BACKGROUND: Birth weight of children born at term may theoretically be associated with risk of adverse events from immunization. METHODS: We analyzed data on children born between April 1st 2002 and March 31st 2009 in the province of Ontario. Using the self-controlled case series design, we examined the risk of ...

Five-month-old infants of clinically depressed and nondepressed mothers were familiarized to a wholly novel object and afterward tested for their discrimination of the same object presented in the familiar and in a novel perspective. Infants in both groups were adequately familiarized, but infants of clinically depressed mothers failed to discriminate ...

ObjectiveTo develop models and a graphical tool for predicting survival to discharge without major morbidity for infants with a gestational age (GA) at birth of 22-32 weeks using infant information at birth.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingCanadian Neonatal Network data for 2003-2008 were utilised.PatientsNeonates born between 22 and 32 weeks gestation admitted to ...

OBJECTIVE:: To systematically review and synthesize the literature to document the association between infants born very preterm and/or very low birth weight (VLBW) and the presence of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) at school age. METHODS:: Seven databases were systematically searched. Studies were included if they examined very preterm (<32 weeks) ...

OBJECTIVE: to explore the experience of giving birth for first-time New Zealand mothers. DESIGN: qualitative methodology was employed to obtain an in-depth insight into the birth experience using semi-structured interviews conducted face-to-face 11 days to 16 weeks (median 13.5 weeks) after giving birth were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. SETTING: the ...

To aid with prognosis and stratification of clinical treatment for preterm infants, a method for automated detection of bursts, interburst-intervals (IBIs) and continuous patterns in the electroencephalogram (EEG) is developed. Results are evaluated for preterm infants with normal neurological follow-up at 2 years. The detection algorithm (MATLAB®) for burst, IBI ...

Please cite this paper as: Vivian-Taylor J, Sheng J, Hadfield R, Morris J, Bowen J, Roberts C. Trends in obstetric practices and meconium aspiration syndrome: a population-based study. BJOG 2011; DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.03093.x. Objective  To determine trends in the incidence of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), and maternal factors and obstetric practices ...

Tenofovir (TFV) is effective in preventing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) transmission in a macaque model, is available as the oral agent tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), and may be useful in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We conducted a trial of TDF and TDF-emtricitabine (FTC) in ...

In immature wild savannah baboons (Papio cynocephalus), we observed symptoms consistent with copper (Cu) deficiency and, more specifically, with a disorder referred to as white monkey syndrome (WMS) in laboratory primates. The objectives of this study were to characterize this pathology, and test three hypotheses that (1) Cu deficiency may ...

Early evidence of social referencing was examined in 5½-month-old infants. Infants were habituated to 2 films of moving toys, one toy eliciting a woman's positive emotional expression and the other eliciting a negative expression under conditions of bimodal (audiovisual) or unimodal visual (silent) speech. It was predicted that intersensory redundancy ...

Background:  There are no comparative data on the impact of different empiric antibiotic regimens on early bowel colonization as well as on clinical efficacy in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) neonates at risk of early onset sepsis (EOS). Methods:  We performed a subgroup analysis of ELBW neonates recruited into a ...

Background:  In previous studies, it has been demonstrated that Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) courses improve the early outcomes of infants with perinatal asphyxia, however there has been no evidence to demonstrate the effect of NRP on long-term outcomes of perinatal asphyxia. The goal of this study was to determine the ...

Preterm birth (delivery before 37 completed weeks of gestation) is common and rates are increasing. In the past, medical efforts focused on ameliorating the consequences of prematurity rather than preventing its occurrence. This approach resulted in improved neonatal outcomes, but it remains costly in terms of both the suffering of ...

To provide an understanding of Chinese new mothers' breastfeeding behaviors and especially to explore the relationship between the mothers perceived family perception about breastfeeding and the new mothers' breastfeeding behaviors. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in Beijing and Yinchuan, the capital of Ning Xia Province, China. 214 new mothers ...

Preterm infants avert their gaze more often and for longer periods in early social interactions compared to full term infants. In previous studies this finding is interpreted as being a function of the higher degree of parental stimulation that is often found in parents of preterm children. The current study ...

Preterm newborns may be discharged when clinical conditions are stable and maturity of physiological functions has been gained, but no precise indications on weight and GA to be reached before discharge are available. In our NICU we have observed in the last five years 234 newborns < 32 weeks of ...

Prenatal serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) exposure has been related to adverse newborn neurobehavioral outcomes; however, these effects have not been compared to those that may arise from prenatal exposure to maternal major depressive disorder (MDD) without SRI treatment. This study examined potential effects of MDD with and without SRI treatment ...

We review here 7 cases of neonatal transfusion-associated babesiosis at a NICU in the northeast United States. Transfusion from 2 infected units of blood resulted in the 7 cases described. The clinical presentation was highly variable in this cohort; the extremely low birth weight neonates were the most severely affected. ...

A 2-month-old previously healthy infant presented to the emergency department with a complaint of projectile vomiting for 4 days and jaundice for the last 2 days. An ultrasound of the abdomen showed no sign of pyloric stenosis. All results of laboratory workups related to gastrointestinal cause for vomiting and jaundice ...

To estimate prevalence of rectovaginal colonization by Staphylococcus aureus among pregnant women with group B streptococcus (GBS) screening results and its association with maternal and infant outcomes. Cultures that detected both group B streptococcus (GBS) and S. aureus were obtained at > or = 35 weeks of gestation. Computerized database ...

The aim of the study was to demonstrate the feasibility of laparoscopic excision of pelvic müllerian duct cysts (MDCs) in infants. Three-month-old female and 13-month-old male infants presented with frequent episodes of urinary retention and were found to have large retrovesical cystic pelvic masses. Preoperative workup including abdominopelvic ultrasonography and ...

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most critical morbidities in preterm infants. The incidence of NEC is 7% in very-low-birth-weight infants, and its mortality is 15 to 30%. Infants who survive NEC have various complications, such as nosocomial infection, malnutrition, growth failure, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, and neurodevelopmental ...

In this study, the authors analyze the dynamic relationship between Chinese women's education, their utilization of newly available medical pregnancy care, and their infants' mortality risk. China has undergone enormous social, economic, and political changes over recent decades and is a novel context in which to examine the potential influence ...

Objective: Infants of diabetic mothers (IDM) are considered as a risk group for atherosclerosis. Increased aortic intima-media thickness has been reported in IDM. The purpose of this study was to assess carotid artery intima-media thickness (CA-IMT), left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and atherosclerotic risk factors in IDM. Methods: Thirty IDM ...

HUMAN MILK HAS THE greatest impact on costly short-term morbidities during the very early postbirth period.1 Although the health benefits of breast milk for all infants is undeniable, assisting new mothers as they breastfeed in the NICU can present various challenges. It can be days, weeks, or even months before ...

Central venous catheters (CVCs) are regularly used in intensive care units, and catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) remains a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections, particularly in preterm infants. Increased survival rate of extremely-low-birth-weight infants can be partly attributed to routine practice of CVC placement. The most common types of CVCs used ...

Two centres in Soweto and Cape Town, South Africa. To assess the effects of timing of initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART) and other factors on the risk of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) related regional adenitis due to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (BCG-IRIS) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected infants. HIV-infected infants ...

Early growth faltering is common but is difficult to reverse after the first 2 years of life. To describe feeding practices and growth in infants and young children in diverse low-income settings prior to undertaking a complementary feeding trial. This cross-sectional study was conducted through the Global Network for Women's ...

Preterm birth (delivery before 37 weeks' gestation) is the commonest cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in developed countries.1 Most of these births occur after spontaneous preterm labour.2 Intrauterine infection (often subclinical) is strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of spontaneous preterm labour.3 Consequently many published trials have assessed antibacterial therapy ...

  Background:  Interventions to influence the time and way to be born have been a global concern for decades. Yet, limited information is available on what drives these interventions and their variation in frequency among countries, institutions, and practitioners. The objective of this study was to examine to what extent ...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the application of the odor of breast milk in preterm infants during gavage feeding on the period of transition to total oral feeding. Design: This prospective experimental study was performed on a total of 80 preterm infants: 40 ...

Late preterm and early term infants are at higher risk for short-term and long-term morbidities and mortality than term infants. Such outcomes are influenced by many factors, the strongest of which is gestational age. Counseling and educating women and families about risks of late preterm and early term births is ...

Survival rates among live births in North American tertiary perinatal centers since 1990 were 28% at 23 weeks, 52% at 24, 70% at 25 and 83% at 26 weeks. However, there is wide variation among centers. Survival rates in 2010 among tertiary centers in the United States participating in the ...

Biliary atresia (BA) is a rare, potentially life-threatening condition of the newborn presenting with conjugated jaundice. Typically, it is treated by an initial attempt to restore bile flow (the Kasai portoenterostomy [KP]) as soon as possible after diagnosis and, if this fails, liver transplantation. Since 1999, the treatment of BA ...

Preterm birth, defined as a pregnancy ending at less than 37 completed weeks of gestation, is the leading cause of infant mortality in the United States. The occurrence of preterm births rose steadily from 9.4% of all pregnancies in the United States in 1981 to 12.8% in 2006, before declining ...

Aim  The Infant Motor Profile (IMP) is a novel qualitative assessment of motor behaviour in infancy. The aim of this study was to determine whether IMP scores throughout infancy differ between children with and without cerebral palsy (CP) at 18 months. Furthermore, we evaluated the predictive ability of IMP scores throughout ...

PURPOSE: To describe the fluoroscopic findings of swallowing in preterm infants with zero to six months of age, as well as the related diseases and clinical signs and symptoms, and to compare these findings with data obtained from full-term infants. METHODS: The retrospective findings of fluoroscopic studies carried out in ...

Background. The widespread use of intrapartum antibiotics (IPA) has raised concerns regarding the adverse effects on the newborn. Objectives. To determine if IPA is associated with infantile late-onset serious bacterial infections (SBIs) and with antibiotic resistance. Patients and methods. From 2005 to 2009, data were prospectively collected for all infants ...

Objective:The objective of this study is to compare all-cause in-hospital mortality in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) treated with poractant alfa, calfactant or beractant.Study Design:A retrospective cohort study of 14 173 preterm infants with RDS, treated with one of three surfactants between 2005 and 2009, using the Premier Database ...

Early detection of cerebral hypoxemia is an important aim in neonatology. A relevant parameter to assess brain oxygenation may be the cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (StO(2)) measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). So far the reproducibility of StO(2) measurements was too low for clinical application, probably due to inhomogeneities. The aim ...

6 cases of clinical influenza A/H1N1(2009) infections were reported within the multi-center German Neonatal Network (GNN) during the primary hospital stay in the pandemic season 2009/2010 and 2010/2011. Clinical symptoms varied from transient hyperthermia to apnea and severe respiratory distress. 1 fatal course with systemic inflammatory response after perinatal transmission ...

To test the hypothesis that the presence of bacteria and/or histologic inflammation in the placenta of infants born preterm is associated with an increased risk for severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). This was a prospective cohort study. Exploratory and multivariable data analyses were used, including logistic regression models with interaction ...

There are no previous data describing nelfinavir and lamivudine pharmacokinetics in neonates treated with weight-band dosing regimens. Pharmacokinetic study of nelfinavir and lamivudine pharmacokinetics in infants during the first 2 weeks of life treated with weight-band dosing regimens. Intensive 12-hour pharmacokinetic profiles were performed between either days 4-7 or days ...

Objective: To analyze and compare the current gestational age specific neonatal survival rates between Qatar and international benchmarks. Study Design: An analytical comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: Women's Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, from 2003-2008. Methodology: Six year's (2003-2008) gestational age specific neonatal mortality data was stratified ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of stage III of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) among newborns of birth weight < 1500 g and gestational age (GA) < or = 32 weeks, and to compare these prevalences during two time periods (1998-2002 and 2003-2007). The investigation was ...

: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes have been placed in children for more than 2 decades to provide nutrition to those unable to adequately and safely feed orally. Despite the well-documented success of PEG placement in older children, there is only 1 published article documenting the safety of PEG placement ...

Quality improvement initiatives have been successfully employed in many areas of medicine, but few have been implemented in preventing prematurity (or preterm birth), which continues to be one of the most common complications in obstetrics, and the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality in the United States. Due to ...

Pediatric urolithiasis and calcular anuria in early infancy are rare. Cystine stones may develop in utero or during early infancy. We report the case of a female 9-month-old infant with obstructive anuria resulting from cystine stones in a single functioning unit. She presented to the emergency department owing to the ...

Enterovirus infections are frequent in childhood and may be involved in development of several chronic diseases including type 1 diabetes. Maternal antibodies have a protective effect in young infants. It has been proposed that this protection is now vanishing due to decreasing circulation of enteroviruses in Western countries. We aimed ...