Despite advances in pediatric nutritional support and a renewed focus on management of intestinal failure, there are limited recent data regarding the risk of parenteral nutrition (PN)-associated liver disease in surgical infants. This study investigated the incidence of cholestasis from PN and risk factors for its development in this population. ...

Previous research has shown that expressions of fear have an effect on infants' object processing. This event-related potential study addresses the question whether surprised faces affect infants' brain responses to objects in a similar way, as both expressions share a crucial perceptual feature, wide-opened eyes. Three-month and 9-month-old infants were ...

From birth, infants are capable of discriminating speech sounds that occur cross-linguistically, but by their first year, infants have difficulty discriminating most non-native contrasts (Werker and Tees, 1984). Yet, language experience is not the only factor affecting discrimination. Further research into language-specific perception reveals asymmetries occur in the discrimination of ...

Objectives: Vital Statistics and World Health Organization reports show a recent increase in maternal mortality in Canada. We carried out a study of temporal trends, regional variations, and causes of death in Canadian maternal mortality using Vital Statistics data. Methods: We used Vital Statistics death registrations to ascertain maternal deaths ...

Knowledge about the actual movements of articulators and their developmental changes in early childhood is crucial to a better understanding of the relationship between speech productions and perceptions. In this study, we attempted to recover the shapes of articulators from the acoustic properties of infants' vocalizations by using a variable ...

The aim of this study was to establish a prenatal prognostic classification system for risk-stratified management in fetuses with isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). A multi-institutional retrospective cohort study of isolated CDH, diagnosed prenatally in fetuses delivered during the 2002 to 2007 period at 5 participating institutions in Japan, was ...

BACKGROUND: Few studies have been conducted on long-term survival of children with major birth defects because of a lack of longitudinal birth defects surveillance data. The objective of this study was to conduct a 25-year survival analysis among children in New York born with major defects by survival age, birth ...

BACKGROUND: The mainstay of treatment in bronchiolitis includes oxygenation, aspiration of secretions from the respiratory tract and maintenance of hydration. The first choice medical agent in clinical practice is nebulized bronchodilators, although their place in treatment is controversial. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the therapeutic benefit of nebulized hypertonic (3%) saline (HS), ...

Intraoperative hypothermia may have a detrimental clinical effect. Preterm infants undergoing laparotomy for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) are particularly at risk. We investigated the relationship between intraoperative temperature and morbidity and outcome in infants with NEC.A review of all laparotomies for NEC (n=82, 69 infants) performed between Jan 2008 and Jan ...

Objective:To compare the pattern of thermal stabilization seen in infants born at a rural primary health center (PHC) with that of infants born in an modern urban tertiary care hospital (TCH).Study Design:Abdominal temperature (Ta) and foot temperature (Tf) of healthy term newborn infants were monitored and electronically recorded continuously from ...

Objective:We aimed to investigate the relationship between day-1 hypoproteinemia and severe adverse outcome (SAO) in very preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Study Design:Retrospective study of all patients born from 24 to 31 weeks gestation and cared for in our NICU over an 8-year period. Infants were ...

Data from the whole-body hypothermia trial was analyzed to examine the effects of phenobarbital administration prior to cooling (+PB) on the esophageal temperature (T (e)) profile, during the induction phase of hypothermia. A total of 98 infants were analyzed. At enrollment, +PB infants had a higher rate of severe hypoxic-ischemic ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:DEHSI on T2-weighted MR imaging in preterm infants at term-equivalent age has been regarded as an unfavorable marker for neurodevelopmental outcome. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the presence and extent of DEHSI and neurodevelopmental outcomes.MATERIALS AND METHODS:We evaluated the MR images of ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of persistent snoring in the first year of life on developmental outcomes. METHODS: As part of a longitudinal study of snoring and sleep in infancy, we identified 13 children (10 males) who commenced snoring shortly after birth and ...

Objective:To determine whether human milk fortification from the time of the first feeding significantly improves weight gain and bone mineral status in infants of <31 weeks estimated gestational age as compared with delayed or standard human milk fortification.Study Design:This was a retrospective pre-post design. In all, 95 infants born at ...

Specific probiotic combinations during early feeding, via the mother or incorporated in early formula-feeding, mold the intestinal microbiota composition in infants. The objective was to analyze the impact of probiotic administration to mother or infant on gut microbiota composition in 6-month-old Finnish and German infants. In Finland probiotics were given ...

Surfactant is usually given to mechanically ventilated preterm infants via an endotracheal tube to treat respiratory distress syndrome. We tested a new method of surfactant application to spontaneously breathing preterm infants to avoid mechanical ventilation. In a parallel-group, randomised controlled trial, 220 preterm infants with a gestational age between 26 ...

Background/Objectives:Adverse developmental consequences of low-birth-weight (LBW) infants have been frequently reported from developed countries where most of them are preterm. Few reports are available from developing countries, where the problem is huge and newborns are mostly term babies. We aimed to compare mental and psychomotor development and behavior of LBW ...

Birth difficulty and poor lamb vigour are significant causes of perinatal lamb mortality. In this study we investigated whether sheep breeds differing in appearance, muscularity and selection history also had differences in dystocia and lamb vigour, and considered some of the factors that may contribute to the variation in these ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the neonatal outcome of macrosomic neonates in uncomplicated, singleton, term deliveries. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective analysis was performed on 5738 live-born term neonates born in the period 2008-2009. The neonatal outcomes were compared between two birth weight (BW) groups: the macrosomic neonates born with BW≥4000g and a ...

AimTo determine the angle between the temporal or nasal retinal vessels in preterm infants and to determine the relationship of these angles to birthweight (BW), gestational age (GA) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) status.MethodsColour digital images were acquired during ROP screening examinations in infants born with a range of BWs ...

BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common contributor to morbidity and mortality in newborns, with prevalences varying by population and hospital. A study of AKI in newborns in tertiary care centers in Thailand, a developing country with limited resources, has not been conducted yet.METHODS: The aim of this study ...

We examined whether the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) is able to identify very low-birth-weight (VLBW) preterm infants with cystic periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) as early as 6months of corrected age. Longitudinal follow-up AIMS assessments were done at 6, 12, and 18months old for 35 VLBW infants with cystic PVL (cPVL(+)), ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Meteorological disasters are an important component when considering climate change issues that impact morbidity and mortality rates. However, there are few epidemiological studies assessing the causes and characteristics of deaths from meteorological disasters. The present study aimed to analyze the causes of death associated with meteorological disasters in ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine if postmortem examinations of fetuses and infants change the diagnosis and affect counseling of future pregnancies, and also to determine if there has been a change in accuracy of prenatal ultrasound diagnostics. METHODS: From 1995 to 2004, 455 autopsies of fetuses and infants with developmental anomalies were ...

BACKGROUND: Gestational age (GA) is one of the most important obstetric factors and prediction of date of delivery is usually based on ultrasonographic measurements of the fetus. The estimation of GA might be influenced by using various dating formulas. OBJECTIVE: To compare three dating formulas applied to a cohort of ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of universal vs selective resuscitation on maternal utilities, perinatal costs, and outcomes of preterm delivery and termination of pregnancy at 20-23 weeks 6 days' gestation. STUDY DESIGN: We used studies on medical practices, prematurity outcomes, costs, and maternal utilities ...

Background: Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP) is an anti-inflammatory mediator, but its role in neonatal lung adaptation and diseases is uncertain. Objective: To characterize postnatal changes in serum CCSP in relation to gestation, respiratory disease (RDS) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in comparison with other anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, -10 and -13). ...

SummaryThis study examines sex differences in infant mortality in Spitalfields, London, and the estimated contribution of endogenous and exogenous factors to neonatal and infant mortality using the biometric model from 1750 to 1839. There was a marked decline in the risk of death during infancy and the neonatal period for ...

Background: In very preterm infants, clinical decision-making, such as closing a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), may be aided by measuring circulating natriuretic and endothelial pro-peptides. Objectives: To investigate the association between perinatal characteristics, PDA echocardiography and plasma concentrations of stable pro-peptides of B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) ...

Objective:To explore physicians' experiences and views related to resuscitation practice of preterm infants at birth, and determine whether the Canadian modifications of 2006 Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) guidelines have been accepted by neonatologists.Study Design:Neonatologists (n=146) at 25 tertiary neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) across Canada were contacted via email to ...

Newborn screening (NBS) by tandem mass spectrometry started in Galicia (Spain) in 2000. We analyse the results of screening and clinical follow-up of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) detected during 10years. Our programme basically includes the disorders recommended by the American College of Medical Genetics. Since 2002, blood and urine ...

PURPOSE: We describe the prevalence, associated anomalies, prenatal diagnosis and survival of patients with bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were extracted from the Northern Congenital Abnormality Survey for patients delivered during 1985 to 2008. This survey collects data on congenital anomalies in fetuses, stillbirths and live-born infants of ...

Objective:The objective of this study is to determine the effects that sildenafil citrate has on gas exchange in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)-associated pulmonary hypertension (PH).Study Design:A retrospective review was performed from 2005 to 2009. Infants treated with sildenafil citrate for greater than 48 h were included. Standard patient data was ...

Objective:Peripherally inserted central catheters are important but can be difficult to place in neonates. Therefore, we compared a near-infrared device, the Vein Viewer, to determine if its use would increase successful line placement, with standard techniques.Study Design:Randomized controlled trial in preterm and term neonates in a level 3 Neonatal Intensive ...

PURPOSE: Early detection of hearing loss in all newborns and timely intervention is critical to the cognitive, verbal, behavioral, and social development of children. The initiation of appropriate early intervention services before 6 months of age can prevent or reduce negative developmental consequences. The purpose of this study was to ...

Soy infant formula contains soy protein isolates and is fed to infants as a supplement to or replacement for human milk or cow milk. Soy protein isolates contains estrogenic isoflavones (phytoestrogens) that occur naturally in some legumes, especially soybeans. Phytoestrogens are nonsteroidal, estrogenic compounds. In plants, nearly all phytoestrogens are ...

To determine the dynamic morphologic development of the human fovea in vivo using portable spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Prospective, observational case series. Thirty-one prematurely born neonates, 9 children, and 9 adults. Sixty-two neonates were enrolled in this study. After examination for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), SD-OCT imaging was performed ...

OBJECTIVES:: To evaluate the impact of infant formula with polydextrose (PDX) and galactooligosaccharides (GOS) on fecal microbiota and secretory IgA (sIgA). METHODS:: In this double-blind, randomized study, term infants received Control (Enfamil Lipil, Mead Johnson Nutrition) or the same formula with PDX/GOS (4 g/L, 1:1 ratio; PDX/GOS) for 60 days; a ...

Please cite this paper as: August E, Salihu H, Weldeselasse H, Biroscak B, Mbah A, Alio A. Infant mortality and subsequent risk of stillbirth: a retrospective cohort study. BJOG 2011; DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.03137.x. Objective  To examine the association between infant mortality in a first pregnancy and risk for stillbirth in a ...

Examining waiting time to birth among newlywed couples is likely to provide insights into the desire for spacing births among newlywed husbands and wives. Data from the Indian National Family Health Survey of 2005-06 are used to examine the desired waiting time (DWT) to birth among newlywed couples. The dependent ...

  While the use of psychological autopsies has at least a 50-year history in the investigation of equivocal deaths and suicides, we report a case where, after the discovery of a woman who died of natural causes, a subsequent search of her home found three deceased newborn infants. The infants ...

Objective. To evaluate the frequency of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) following elective cesarean at greater than 34 weeks' gestation in an academically affiliated community hospital. Methods. Retrospective cohort study involving chart review of 300 newborns with PPHN between 1999 and 2006. Infants less than 34 weeks' or with congenital ...

BACKGROUND:: A birth dose of hepatitis B vaccine (HBV) is a primary focus of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices' strategy to eliminate transmission of hepatitis B virus in the United States. We sought to assess the impact of maternal characteristics and hospital policy on the receipt of a birth ...

Increased end-tidal carbon monoxide (ETCOc) and cytokines in preterm infants are related to bronchopulmonary dysplasia and intraventricular haemorrhages. The aim was to study the predictive value of ETCOc and cytokine levels for long-term outcome. This study comprised 105 very preterm infants (57 males, 48 females; gestational age range 25 wks ...

OBJECTIVE: In centers electing to offer therapeutic hypothermia for treating hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), determining the optimal number of cooling devices is not straightforward. The authors used computer-based modeling to determine the level of service as a function of local HIE caseload and number of cooling devices available. METHODS: The authors ...

OBJECTIVE: Shaken baby syndrome (SBS) is the leading cause of traumatic infant death. We examined whether the message about not shaking an infant should be included in the newborn anticipatory guidance provided by pediatric residents. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of an educational intervention (Take ...

El-Ganzoury MM, El-Masry SA, El-Farrash RA, Mohamed MA, Abd Ellatife RZ. Infants of diabetic mothers: echocardiographic measurements and cord blood IGF-I and IGFBP-1. Background: Cardiac malformations in infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) are five times higher than in normal pregnancies. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is the most important growth factor ...

Background  Tacrolimus ointment is effective for treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in children aged ≥2 years (Br J Dermatol, 2004; 150: 554). Here, efficacy and tolerability of tacrolimus 0.03% ointment were evaluated in 50 infants aged <2 years at start of treatment. Methods  Infants with AD previously enrolled in ...

To compare health care visit rates between infants with false-positive and those with normal newborn screening (NBS) results. We analyzed administrative claims of Medicaid-enrolled infants born in Michigan in 2006 and calculated the average number of outpatient, emergency department, and hospital visits for infants aged 3 to 12 months according ...