There are limited data concerning blood gas parameters in neonatal dogs. Knowledge of the normal physiology may facilitate effective therapeutic intervention and potentially reduce neonatal mortality. This study examined acid-base parameters in pups born at normal parturition (n = 27) compared with those born after obstetrical assistance or caesarean operation ...

To determine the reliability of linear and nonlinear tools, including intrasession and intersession reliability, when used to analyze the center of pressure (COP) time series during the development of infant sitting postural control. Longitudinal study. University hospital laboratory. Typically developing infants (N=33; mean +/- SD age at entry in the ...

BACKGROUND: Sepsis in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants has been associated with an increased risk of adverse developmental outcome. We have identified abnormal heart rate characteristics (HRCs) that are predictive of impending sepsis, and we have developed a summary measure of an infant's abnormal HRCs during the neonatal hospitalization ...

OBJECTIVE: The Apgar score should be an objective method to assess the state of newborns; however, its applicability in preterm infants is hampered by large variations among different observers. The study tested whether physicians that give low scores to written case descriptions also apply lower scores to preterm infants. PATIENTS ...

AIM: To describe the characteristics, developmental status and severity of head shape deformation in infants presenting to a plagiocephaly clinic. METHODS: Head shape was measured and neck function assessed in 287 consecutive infants presenting to a plagiocephaly outpatient clinic. Information was obtained on demographic and obstetric factors, plagiocephaly history and ...

BACKGROUND: While the predictive value of general movements for later cerebral palsy is well known, its value to predict minor neurological and developmental impairments is less clear. AIM: To analyze the results of the assessment of general movements in relation to the developmental outcome measured by the Bayley scales of ...

PURPOSE: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are characterized by severe and debilitating symptoms including stereotyped and repetitive behaviours. Stereotypies and repetitive behaviours constitute core features of ASD and markedly impede attempts to remediate the disorder. Little previous research has examined characteristics of the core features of ASD in infants. METHOD: In ...

PURPOSE: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are a group of conditions characterized by symptoms that onset in early childhood. Deficits in social skills and communication are two of the core features of ASD and, if not remediated, can lead to poor long-term outcomes. Few researchers have examined characteristics of social skills ...

International research to understand infant patterns of development in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) has recently focused on a research paradigm involving prospective longitudinal studies of infant siblings of children with autism. Such designs use a comparison group of infant siblings without any familial risks (the low-risk group) to gather longitudinal ...

BACKGROUND: The increase in survival of premature newborns has sparked growing interest in the prediction of their long-term neurodevelopment. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence of neuromotor abnormalities at the corrected age of 12 months and to identify the predictive factors associated with altered neuromotor development in very low birth weight ...

OBJECTIVE: Validation of Clinical Risk Index for Babies (CRIB II) score in predicting the neonatal mortality in preterm neonates < or = 32 weeks gestational age. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary care neonatal unit. SUBJECTS: 86 consecutively born preterm neonates with gestational age < or = 32 weeks. METHODS: ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between PaCO2 in the first 4 days of life and neurodevelopment at 18 to 22 months. STUDY DESIGN: Stepwise regression and exhaustive CHAID (Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector) analyses were done for neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI), mental developmental index (MDI), and psychomotor developmental index (PDI) using clinical ...

The aim of this study was to define the bowel movements of healthy Thai infants up to 12 months of age. Fifty infants were evaluated at 1, 2, 4, 6, 9 and 12 months of age. Data regarding bowel habits was recorded by parents daily for 2 days before coming ...

Failure to thrive (FTT) is a term used to describe inadequate growth in infants. The immediate cause is undernutrition. Ghrelin is a potent orexigenic hormone that induces a positive energy balance and enhances appetite. There is no information regarding the possible role of ghrelin in infants with FTT. The aim ...

AIM: To evaluate the validity and potential value of the parent-completed Infant/Child Monitoring Questionnaire (IMQ) as a screening measure for developmental delay in high-risk infants. METHODS: One hundred and forty-one term infants born with moderate or severe newborn encephalopathy (NE) and 374 randomly selected comparison infants were administered a Griffiths ...

The objective of the study was to follow neuromaturation in preterm infants. From serial exams in 90 low risk very low birthweight infants, each infant's Maturity Scores (the sum of tone, reflex, and response items) were plotted against postmenstrual age (PMA) when examined. Each infant's estimated line of best fit ...

Our goal was to determine how the actions of the thorax and the pelvis are organized and coordinated to achieve independent sitting posture in typically developing infants. The participants were 10 typically developing infants who were evaluated longitudinally from first onset of sitting until sitting independence. Each infant underwent nine ...

BACKGROUND: Preterm infants often have difficulty in achieving a coordinated sucking pattern. To analyze the correlation between preterm infants with disorganized sucking and future development, weekly studies were performed of 27 preterm infants from initiation of bottle feeding until a normal sucking pattern was recognized. METHODS: A total of 27 ...

OBJECTIVE: For most newborns, congenital heart defects (CHD) appear to be isolated anomalies and the brain is presumed to have normal developmental potential. Most studies of neurodevelopmental outcomes have focused on operative management strategies. METHODS: Infants with complex CHD and no identified syndromes other than 22q11 microdeletions enrolled in a ...

Most infants born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) are observed clinically for 24 h postnatally. Only 5% of infants born through MSAF develop the meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), a serious condition requiring medical intervention. To evaluate the value of 24-h postnatal observation of infants born through MSAF. A cohort of ...

AIM: To compare motor performance in supine position at the age of 4-months corrected age (CA) in very preterm (VPT) infants cared for in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) before and after the implementation of the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP). METHODS: Assessments of motor performance ...

BACKGROUND: Speech development is frequently impaired in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Few and controversial data have been published on concepts regarding the influence of bilingual education. AIMS: The objectives of the current study were to assess the influence of parental bilingualism on speech development and neurodevelopmental outcome in ...

This study examined the effect of the frequency of physical therapy on the outcome of infants referred for delayed motor development due to joint hypermobility and benign hypotonia. The study groups comprised 29 infants (8-12 months) who were randomly placed into a monthly and weekly treatment groups. No difference was ...

BACKGROUND: Infants born preterm are at risk of both transiently reduced thyroid hormone levels and impaired neurocognitive development, including attention deficits. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of reduced thyroid hormone levels on general neurodevelopment and attention at 3 months corrected age. METHODS: Sixty-four infants born ...

OBJECTIVE: This was a randomized, controlled trial to investigate the effect of Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program on growth, cognitive, psychomotor, and neuromotor development at 1 and 2 years in infants born at <32 weeks' gestational age. METHODS: Infants were randomly assigned within 48 hours of birth to ...

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the benefits of maternal multimicronutrient supplementation during gestation on the mental and psychomotor development of infants. METHODS: In a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, pregnant women (N = 5828) in 2 rural counties in western China were assigned randomly to receive multimicronutrient (5 minerals and 10 vitamins at ...

BACKGROUND: Despite progress in medical and surgical care the mortality rate of congenital diaphragmatic hernia remains high. Assessment of short-term outcome is important for comparison between different medical centers. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the short-term outcome of infants born with symptomatic CDH and to correlate demographic and clinical parameters with short-term ...

BACKGROUND: An electrocardiogram has been proposed to screen for prolonged QT interval that may predispose infants to sudden death in the first year of life. Understanding the reliability of QT interval measurement will inform the design of a screening program. METHODS: Three pediatric cardiologists measured the QT/RR intervals on 60 ...

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to investigate the prediction of development among 6-, 18-, and 36-month-old infants on the Bayley Scale of Infant Development (BSID). METHODS: One hundred infants were assessed using the BSID at 6 months; of these, 70 completed the 18 and 36 month assessment ...

AIM: In this study, we evaluated the Clinical Risk Index for Babies - revised (CRIB-II) score as a predictor of long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants at 36 months' corrected age. METHOD: CRIB-II scores, which include birthweight, gestational age, sex, admission temperature, and base excess, were recorded prospectively on all ...

By adopting more appropriate statistical methods to appraise data from a previously published randomized controlled trial, the statistical and clinical significance of an intervention on the 18-month neurodevelopmental outcome of infants with suspected brain injury is evaluated. The intervention group (n = 32) receives extensive, individualized cognitive/sensorimotor stimulation by public ...

This study examined developmental differences in infants' salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) and cortisol levels and responses to the well-baby exam/inoculation stress protocol at 2, 6, 12, and 24 months of age. Mother-infant pairs (n=85; 45 girls) were assessed during well-baby visits and saliva was sampled before the well-baby exam/inoculation procedure (pre-test) ...

INTRODUCTION: Current medical advances have increased the survival rate of the premature infant with its complications. Risk factors for prematurity include maternal diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking and alcohol intake. METHODS: A true/false questionnaire survey focusing on risk factors, outcomes/follow-up and costs was administered to adults attending a parenting-related public forum. ...

Multiple risk factors for deformational plagiocephaly (DP) have been reported. The purpose of this study was to establish the impact of these variables on the severity of this deformity. A prospective cohort study was performed. Parents completed a standardized questionnaire assessing potential risk factors for DP before assessment. Examination included ...

OBJECT: In the literature, the best recommendations are imprecise as to the timing and selection of infants with obstetrical brachial plexus injury (OBPI) for surgical intervention. There is a gray zone (GZ) in which the decision as to the benefits and risks of surgery versus no surgery is not clear. ...

AIM: Assessment of risk predictors for adverse neurodevelopmental outcome at 1 year of age in preterm infants with a gestational age <30 weeks (Group I) and 30-32 weeks (Group II). METHODS: Between January 2003 and December 2006, we prospectively enrolled 310 live-born infants between 23 and 32 weeks of gestation. ...

AIM: The aim of this work was to study the effect of maternal psychological symptoms on infant development 1 year after early-onset hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. METHODS: All mothers were enrolled in the Pre-eclampsia, Eclampsia TRial Amsterdam. Mothers were asked to complete the 90-item Symptom Check List (SCL-90) at the ...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the predictive value of qualitative MRI of brain structure at term and general movements assessments at 1 and 3 months' corrected age for motor outcome at 1 year's corrected age in very preterm infants. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty-six very preterm infants ...

The aim of this study was to follow-up infants who were assessed in early infancy, at approximately 6 months of age, to determine the developmental impact of social withdrawal at approximately 30 months of age. Infants were administered the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-Third Edition, and the mothers complete the ...

Recently it has been claimed that infants with congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) are at risk of a delay in early motor milestones. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether infants with CMT are indeed at risk in comparison with a control group of healthy infants. A second ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine in a systematic review, whether interventions for infant development that involve parents, improve neurodevelopment at 12 months corrected age or older. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized trials were identified where an infant intervention was aimed to improve development and involved parents of preterms; and long-term neurodevelopment using standardized tests ...

OBJECTIVE: A detailed analysis of infant motor behaviour can show up indicators for later neurological impairment. The "Assessment of Motor Repertoire--3 to 5 Months", which is part of Prechtl's general movement assessment, could potentially be used for this purpose. The aim of the present study was to investigate inter-observer reliability ...

This multi-center correlational prospective study examined early neonatal predictors of neurodevelopment in 59 premature infants (mean birth weight=1713.8+/-1242.5 g; mean gestational age=31.2+/-3.6 weeks) suspected to have sustained brain injury at birth. The mental and motor development of the infants selected from five university-affiliated hospitals was assessed at baseline (59 infants), ...

Early developmental interventions to prevent the high rate of neurodevelopmental problems in very preterm children, including cognitive, motor and behavioral impairments, are urgently needed. These interventions should be multi-faceted and include modules for caregivers given their high rates of mental health problems. We have designed a randomized controlled trial to ...

Concurrent with recommendations to place infants to sleep in supine, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of infants with positional plagiocephaly (PP). Recent evidence suggests that infants who have decreased exposure to prone position may have a higher incidence of PP and may be at risk for ...

This paper describes an interdisciplinary approach to the assessment on infants' behavior, with a focus on the technology. The goal is an objective, quantitative analysis of concurrent maturation of sensory, motor and cognitive abilities in young children, in relation to the achievement of developmental milestones. An instrumented block-box toy specifically ...

Apgar score was devised with the aim to standardize the assessment of newborns. It has been used worldwide to evaluate infants' condition immediately after birth, to determine their need for resuscitation, and to evaluate the effectiveness of resuscitation. Apgar score was never intended for prediction of outcome beyond the immediate ...

The normal trajectory of early prelingual auditory development from birth to 24 months of age was characterized in a sample of 120 normal-hearing infants and toddlers of Mandarin-Chinese-speaking parents. The Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (IT-MAIS) was administered to parents as a structured interview during routine pediatric health examinations. Developmental ...

Identifying the most efficient and theoretically appropriate methods to assess patient anxiety in fast-paced medical environments may be beneficial for clinical purposes as well as for research. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of two previously published six-item versions of the State form of ...

Studies of infant temperament are inconsistent with regard to convergence across measurement sources. In addition, little published work is available that describes temperament in minority infants. In this study, measures of temperament at 3- and 6-months were made for 24 African-American infants. Although maternal ratings of activity and fussiness did ...