A fifty year-old woman died after drowning in a swimming-pool. Rescue and ambulance paramedic teams started resuscitation attempts followed by a medical care helicopter team. Acute haematemesis, mucosal tears and gastric micro perforations occurred, due to the cardiorespiratory resuscitation manoeuvres. Death occurred seven days later due to the cerebral anoxia ...

The transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life requires the lungs to change from being fluid-filled to air-filled and for regular, spontaneous respiration to become established. Many infants do not achieve this transition promptly without assistance and are given some form of artificial ventilation. Professional guidelines advocate the establishment of effective ...

Methods are presented for optimizing the design of Mueller matrix polarimeters and and in particular selecting the retardances and orientation angles of polarization components to ensure accurate reconstruction of a sample's Mueller matrix in the presence of error sources. Metrics related to the condition number and to the singular value ...

The design of nanoscale transport systems utilizing motor proteins as engines has advanced rapidly. Here, actin/myosin- and microtubule/kinesin-based molecular shuttles are compared with respect to their requirements for track designs. To this end, the trajectory persistence length of actin filaments gliding on myosin-coated surfaces has been experimentally determined to be ...

Recent evidence suggests that the current ILCOR guidelines regarding hypothermia for the treatment of neonatal encephalopathy need urgent revision. In 2005 when the current ILCOR guidelines were finalised one large (CoolCap trial, n=235) and one small RCT (n=67), in addition to pilot trials, had been published, and demonstrated that therapeutic ...

We investigated the triboluminescence (TL) of sugars using an innovative experimental approach: the laser-induced shock wave (LISW) technique. We found that the LISW could induce very bright TL in crystalline sugars, the intensity of which was shown to be 10(5) times higher than that obtained by conventional manual hand rubbing. ...

We report on a study designed to compare the relative efficacy of manual CPR (M-CPR) and automated mechanical CPR (ACD-CPR) provided by an active compression-decompression (ACD) device. The ECG signals of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients of cardiac aetiology were analysed just prior to, and immediately after, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to ...

Written to commemorate the 150th anniversary of Freud's birth, this paper construes Nina Coltart's statement that "if Freud did not exist it would be necessary to invent him," with its implicit comparison of Freud to God, to refer to (a) the things that Freud taught that are incontrovertibly true; (b) ...

AIM: To evaluate neonatal resuscitation of infants born with severe asphyxia. METHOD: All case records of the 472 claims for financial compensation due to suspected medical malpractice in conjunction with childbirth in Sweden between 1990 and 2005 were scrutinized. Inclusion criteria were: gestational age > or =33 completed weeks, planned ...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the attitude of neonatal providers toward delivery room resuscitation of an infant with confirmed trisomy 18 with known congenital heart disease at >/=36 weeks of gestation. METHODS: A multiple-choice questionnaire listing this clinical scenario was completed by neonatologists and fellows staffing ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the attitudes of pediatric and obstetric residents concerning the resuscitation of extremely preterm infants, and their knowledge of outcomes, varies according to their center of training and its resuscitation practices. DESIGN: Anonymous questionnaire. SETTING: Four province of Quebec, Canada, university centers. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 165 ...

Every year, an estimated 4 million newborn infants die worldwide in the first 4 weeks of life. A large majority of these deaths occurs during the first day of life. One of the United Nations' eight Millennium Development Goals is to decrease child mortality; prevention of neonatal deaths by appropriate ...

Pneumopericardium is the least common form of air leak in infants. A tension pneumopericardium is even more infrequent but associated with a very high mortality rate. We describe the case of an unsuccessful resuscitation in a preterm infant due to a pneumothorax and tension pneumopericardium. Despite relatively mild pressure ventilation ...

Oxygen was discovered more than 200 years ago and was thought to be both essential and beneficial for all animal life. Although it is now over 100 years since oxygen was first shown to damage biological tissues exposed to high concentrations, and more than 50 years since it was implicated ...

New evidence-based guidelines have been launched with recommendations that may impact how resuscitations, particularly of LBW infants, are enacted. AIM: to determine current resuscitation practices in Maternity units in Ireland and benchmarked these results to a recent study in the United States. METHODS: A 20-question survey was developed and mailed ...

The John A. Williams Theatre at The Cobb Energy Centre for the Performing Arts is a facility that was designed to accommodate touring, large-scale musical theatre productions, such as presentations of off-Broadway shows, as its primary revenue source. The 2750-seat space has recently received rave reviews, not just for its ...

OBJECTIVE: Legal and ethical standards require resuscitation when it is considered to be in the patient's best interest. We hypothesized that newborn infants might be dealt with according to different standards, compared with older patients. METHODS: An anonymous questionnaire describing 8 currently incompetent patients with potential neurologic sequelae who required ...

The Shenzhen Concert Hall complex opened in Shenzhen, China on October 12, 2007. The complex contains the Symphony Hall with 1,800 audience seats, the Theater Studio with 400 - 580 seats and some rooms for rehearsing. The Symphony Hall has a vineyard configuration with a steep audience block arrangement, called ...

The Neonatal Workgroup of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation recently made available their rigorous review of the scientific evidence base for selected neonatal resuscitation issues. The Neonatal Resuscitation Program guidelines have been recently revised based on that review and published as the Textbook of Neonatal Resuscitation, 5th edn. This ...

The metagenomics approach has revolutionised the fields of bacterial diversity, ecology and evolution, as well as derived applications like bioremediation and obtaining bioproducts. A further associated conceptual change has also occurred since in the metagenomics methodology the species is no longer the unit of study, but rather partial genome arrangements ...

Knowledge of amphibian shoulder development is requisite for further understanding of gnathostome pectoral girdle evolution. Fish and amniotes share few pectoral girdle elements, but modern amphibians exhibit a unique combination of traits that bridge the morphological gap between these two groups. I analyzed patterns of chondrogenesis, ossification, and bone histology ...

In social insects, individuals typically recognize and behave aggressively towards alien conspecifics, thereby maintaining colony integrity. This is presumably achieved via a nestmate recognition system in which cuticular compounds, usually cuticular hydrocarbons (CHC), of genetic and/or environmental origin serve as recognition cues. Most invasive populations of the Argentine ant, Linepithema ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Sapindaceae is one of 16 angiosperm families whose seeds have physical dormancy (PY). However, the extent and nature of PY within this family is poorly known. The primary aims of this study were: (1) to evaluate seed characteristics and determine presence (or not) of PY within nine ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of heart rate obtained by pulse oximetry (HR(PO)) relative to HR obtained by 3-lead electrocardiography (HR(ECG)) in newborn infants in the delivery room. STUDY DESIGN: Immediately after birth, a preductal PO sensor and ECG leads were applied. PO and ECG monitor displays were recorded by ...

BACKGROUND: Decisions about resuscitation of extremely premature babies are controversial. Such decisions may reflect poor understanding of outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To compare caregivers' attitudes towards the resuscitation of a premature infant if they are only told the infant's gestational age or if they are only given prognostic information for infants at ...

A crystal violet (CV) standard was irradiated under a Hg-Cd lamp for different exposure times to obtain various N-demethylation products. CZE effectively separated the photodegradation products based on molecular weight differences. In contrast, micellar EKC (MEKC), using SDS as the surfactant, was ineffective because the binding constants of the demethylation ...

Traditionally, infant walking is characterized by small steps, attributed to limited balance control and strength. However, analyses of individual steps revealed that infants occasionally take large steps exceeding their leg length. These large steps provide evidence of advanced balance control and strength.

We present a case of a term neonate with hypovolemic shock after spontaneous vaginal delivery. Hemodynamic instability persisted despite resuscitation with packed red cells, fresh frozen plasma, and platelets. An ultrasound scan at 48 hours after birth followed by a computed tomographic scan demonstrated a splenic lesion and hemoperitoneum. She ...

OBJECTIVE: The algorithms provided for advanced cardiac life support by the American Heart Association and the European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation for the diagnosis and treatment of pulseless electrical activity (PEA) correctly stress the importance of searching for potentially treatable causes, and suggest contributing factors that should be considered. ...

This Journal conference was the first to be held with a live audience. After the final faculty presentation, and in lieu of a conference summary from the guest editors, the conference faculty had a discussion session that addressed written questions from the audience. The moderators, Lewis Rubinson and Rich Branson, ...

Zebularine (1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-2-one) was studied as both a 2 '-deoxyribosyl 5 '-triphosphate derivative and as a template incorporated into an oligonucleotide. Using a novel pyrosequencing assay, zebularine acted as cytosine analog and was incorporated into DNA with a template pairing profile most similar to cytosine, pairing with greatest efficiency opposite guanine ...

The present paper reports on the production of anthocyanins and xanthones in different in vitro systems of Hypericum perforatum var. angustifolium (sin. Fröhlich) Borkh. Undifferentiated calli and regenerated shoots at different developmental stages were analyzed by applying an extractive and an analytical procedure capable of detecting and quantifying anthocyanins. The ...

Since ancient times, various methods have been used to revive apparently stillborn infants; many were of dubious efficacy and had the potential to cause harm. Based largely on studies of acutely asphyxiated term animal models, clinical assessment and positive pressure ventilation have become the cornerstones of neonatal resuscitation over the ...

We investigated the short day (SD)-induced transition to dormancy in wild-type hybrid poplar (Populus tremula x P. tremuloides) and its absence in transgenic poplar overexpressing heterologous PHYTOCHROME A (PHYA). CENTRORADIALIS-LIKE1 (CENL1), a poplar ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1), was markedly downregulated in the wild-type apex coincident with SD-induced ...

BACKGROUND: The issue of whether 21% O(2) is more effective than 100% O(2) for resuscitation of newborn infants remains controversial. OBJECTIVES: We have updated the systematic review and meta-analysis including all studies reporting resuscitation of newborn infants with 21 or 100% O(2). METHODS: Randomized or quasi-randomized studies of depressed newborn ...

The use of coal fly ash as a fluoride retention additive has been studied as a way of treating flue gas desulphurisation (FGD) gypsum for its disposal in landfills. With this end leaching studies following the standard EN-12457-4 [Characterization of waste- Leaching-Compliance test for leaching of granular waste materials and ...

Three diastereomeric second-generation (G2) dendrons were prepared by using (2S,4S)-, (2S,4R)-, and (2R,4S)-4-aminoprolines on the multigram scale with highly optimized and fully reproducible solution-phase methods. The peripheral 4-aminoproline branching units of all the dendrons have the 2S,4S configuration throughout, whereas those units at the focal point have the 2S,4S, 2S,4R, ...

A term infant requiring resuscitation was found to have a false-positive color change on a colorimetric carbon dioxide device as a result of administration of epinephrine via an endotracheal tube. Using models of direct application and vapor exposure with a test lung, we discovered that epinephrine, atropine, infasurf and naloxone ...

This study was designed to detect the sensitivity of different methods of eliciting knee jerks and to compare the conventional methods with the newly purposed maneuver. Knee jerk (a deep tendon reflex) was elicited in 123 apparently normal population (77 males and 46 females) with three different methods (1) without ...

We report the first search for CP-violating decays of the Upsilon(4S) using a data sample that contains 535 x 10(6) Upsilon(4S) mesons with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e(+)e(-) collider. A partial reconstruction technique is employed to enhance the signal sensitivity. No significant signals were observed. We obtain ...

The Cyclin-Dependent Kinase (CDK)-activating phosphatase CDC25B, localises to the centrosomes where its activity is both positively and negatively regulated by several kinases including Aurora A and CHK1. Our recent data also demonstrate a role for CDC25B in the centrosome duplication cycle and microtubule nucleation in interphase that appears to involve ...

BACKGROUND: Birth asphyxia, when a baby does not breathe at birth, is estimated to account for 23% of the approximately four million neonatal deaths that occur annually. Correct use of neonatal resuscitators is critical to lower neonatal mortality rates due to birth asphyxia. METHODS: In order to understand the context ...

We present the study of the correlation between refractive index profiles and the optical response of rugate filters and multilayer mirrors. The conventionally used method in multilayer mirrors for ripple suppression in the passband will be compared with a similar simple method to remove the rugate filter sidelobes without apodization. ...

The hypsodont equine cheek tooth erupts continuously throughout life. The collagen fibers of the periodontal ligament (PDL) have to remodel constantly to allow the tooth to move in an occlusal direction. Remodeling of the collagen fiber bundles needs to be well-coordinated in order to maintain functional tooth support. The aim ...

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the need for resuscitative procedures at birth, in late prematures. STUDY DESIGN: This prospective cohort study enrolled all liveborn infants from 1 to 30 September 2003, with 34 to 41 weeks of gestation without congenital anomalies, born in 35 public hospitals of 20 Brazilian state capitals. Logistic regression ...

Here we report experimental results for a carbon nanotube (CNT) based amplitude-modulated (AM) demodulator for modulation frequencies up to 100 kHz. Further, the CNT based demodulator was successfully demonstrated in an actual AM radio receiver operating at a carrier frequency of 1 GHz and capable of demodulating high-fidelity audio. The ...

We explore the basic physical origins of the noncrystalline and crystalline components of the anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) in (Ga,Mn)As. The sign of the noncrystalline AMR is found to be determined by the form of spin-orbit coupling in the host band and by the relative strengths of the nonmagnetic and magnetic ...

AIMS: The aims of this study were to describe the use of naloxone during neonatal resuscitation in Australia, and to assess this against the published guidelines for use. METHODS: The states of Queensland, South Australia and the Australian Capital Territory record the administration of naloxone in their statutory state perinatal ...

This unit provides a modified phosphoramidite method to synthesize oligodeoxyribonucleotides onto a universal and reusable hydroxyl solid support thanks to the use of deoxyribonucleoside tert-butyl and cyanoethyl phosphoramidites. The nucleoside tert-butyl phosphoramidite allows the introduction of an H-phosphonate diester linkage using the phosphoramidite method. After elongation, the H-phosphonate diester linker ...

To describe resuscitation decisions and withdrawal of treatment practices in live-born infants at the extremes of prematurity at St Joseph's Health Care (London, Ontario). A retrospective chart review was conducted on all neonatal deaths between 22 weeks, zero days' and 25 weeks, six days' gestational age over an eight-year period. ...