Certain neonicotinoids are used in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum (L.), to control various piercing-sucking pests. We conducted field studies using three neonicotinoids (acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, and imidacloprid) and an organophosphate (dicrotophos) to assess the activity of these insecticides against nontarget arthropods, particularly predators, and to determine the potential economic consequences of such ...

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the risk of survival of unaffected cofetuses of anomalous triplets. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of triplets delivered in the United States from 1995 through 1998. Four triplet clusters were identified: cluster A (all members anomaly-free); cluster B (1 anomalous member); cluster C (2 anomalous members), and cluster ...

The eel population in Neusiedler See has been maintained by regular massive stocking since 1958. After the establishment of the National Park Neusiedler See-Seewinkel in 1993, eel stocking was prohibited and the population, together with the specific parasites of eels, was predicted to decline to extinction within 10 years. This ...

AIMS: Despite growing interest in biomarkers application for risk evaluation in acute pulmonary embolism (APE), no decision-making levels have been defined. METHODS AND RESULTS: We developed a biomarker-based risk stratification in 100 consecutive, normotensive on admission, APE patients (35 males, 65 females, 62+/-18 years). On admission serum NT-proBNP and cardiac ...

OBJECTIVE: Outcomes analysis in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) requires a validated risk-adjustment tool. The purpose of this study was to use the Canadian Neonatal Network (CNN) database to validate the Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology, Version II (SNAP-II) for prediction of mortality among CDH infants admitted to a neonatal intensive ...

Data were obtained from a questionnaire administered to a random sample of Canadian and United States white-tailed deer (WTD) farmers. Reproductive indices and survival of fawns from birth until 1 y of age were examined. Major factors in limiting herd increase were a low reproductive rate (88 fawns per 100 ...

The Gompertz law of dependence of human mortality rate on age is derived from a simple model of death as a result of an exponentially rare escape of abnormal cells from immunological response.

The high mortality of foundlings across Europe has long been established by historical demographers but methods of quantification have not permitted comparison with rates in the populations beyond the foundling hospitals. This study investigates mortality rates at the London Foundling Hospital in the eighteenth century in a way that addresses ...

OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate to what extent worldwide improvements in mortality over the past 50 years have been accompanied by convergence in the mortality experience of the world's population. METHODS: We have adopted a novel approach to the objective measurement of global mortality convergence. The global mortality distribution at ...

A stochastic branching process was used to derive equations for the mean and variance of the probability of, and time to, extinction in tsetse populations. If the remnant population is a single inseminated female, the extinction probability increases linearly with adult mortality and is always certain if this mortality >3.5% ...

BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic differences in mortality in New Zealand have traditionally been measured using occupational class from mortality data (based on usual or last occupation) as the numerator, and class from census data (current occupation on census night) as the denominator. Such analyses are prone to numerator-denominator bias. Record linkage of ...

Prenatal famine exposure has previously been shown to be associated with cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes in adulthood. In the current study, we could not demonstrate an effect of prenatal exposure to famine in 2254 term singletons born during the 1944-1945 Dutch famine on adult mortality up to the ...

Mortality in the USA has been shown to spike on Christmas and New Year's Day. No comparable analyses are available for European data despite recognised seasonal mortality variations. Deaths for 1986-2000 were analysed by date for Newcastle and North Tyneside (NNT) to examine the Christmas period and the weeks surrounding ...

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the association between average income or deprivation and infant mortality rate across neighborhoods of 4 world cities. METHODS: Using a maximum likelihood negative binomial regression model that controls for births, we analyzed data for 1988-1992 and 1993-1997. RESULTS: In Manhattan, for both periods, we found an association ...

INTRODUCTION: The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has reported that mortality rates from crashes among motorcycle riders in the United States increased from 21.0 per 100 million motorcycle miles traveled in 1997 to 38.4 per 100 million motorcycle miles traveled in 2003. At the same time, annual domestic sales ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate how distance of transportation and time of year affects mortality of bobby calves. METHOD: The overall mortality of bobby calves transported by road to an abattoir in Northern Victoria was investigated by the analysis of mortality data from 1998 to 2000 from the abattoir records. RESULTS: Mortality ...

The retrospective research study was designed to investigate the relationship between infant mortality and the six variables of early prenatal care, immaturity, maternal age, Maternal education, and socioeconomic status in two midwestern counties. Data from birth and birth and death cohort records were analyzed. The Health Belief Model was used ...

OBJECTIVE: In the last decade several studies have been published on incidence, etiology, and prognosis of status epilepticus (SE) with population-based data from the United States and Europe. The aim of this review is to summarize the available information on the epidemiology of SE and to outline the sources of ...

BACKGROUND: Research published in Circulation has shown that cardiac mortality is highest during December and January. We investigated whether some of this spike could be ascribed to the Christmas/New Year's holidays rather than to climatic factors. METHODS AND RESULTS: We fitted a locally weighted polynomial regression line to daily mortality ...

OBJECTIVE: To obtain population estimates and profile risk factors for infant mortality in two birth cohorts and compare them among cities of different regions in Brazil. METHODS: In Ribeirão Preto, southeast Brazil, infant mortality was determined in a third of hospital live births (2,846 singleton deliveries) in 1994. In São ...

The FIMR evaluation team has made a significant contribution, both to knowledge about the FIMR process and to the science of public health functions evaluation. Considering the findings presented in this issue, as well as this author's assessment of the infant mortality reduction field, future FIMR efforts must strengthen the ...

The toxicities of five pesticides commonly used in vegetable fields to the larvae of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L) and its two major parasitoids, Cotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov) and Oomyzus sokolowskii (Kurdjumov), were evaluated in the laboratory using several bioassays. When tested at the rates recommended for field application by ...

BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic inequality in health has been a major concern in public health. This study examined socioeconomic inequality in regional mortality and the impact on inequality by cause of deaths in 1973-1977 and 1993-1998 using municipal statistics in Japan. METHODS: The municipalities across the country (N = 3244 in 1973-1977 ...

The infant mortality rate, considered an important proxy for societal health, has been recently rising in Delaware. In fact, in 2001, Delaware's infant mortality rate (10.1/1,000 births) was the highest in the country. In this review, potential factors leading to increasing infant mortality in Delaware are discussed. Evidence for increasing ...

Classical theories for the evolution of senescence predict that organisms that experience low mortality rates attributable to external factors, such as disease or predation, will evolve a later onset of senescence. Here we use patterns of senescence in guppies derived from natural populations that differ in mortality risk to evaluate ...

Field enclosure and laboratory cage experiments designed to measure the impact of the parasitoid Microctonus hyperodae Loan on the Argentine stem weevil, Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel) have shown that under high parasitoid pressure, there is significant weevil mortality without obvious parasitism. Parasitoid-exposed, but unparasitized portions of caged populations died at rates ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the Mediterranean diet contributes to overall mortality differences and trends between Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean European Union (EU) countries.Design: Routinely recorded adjusted overall mortality and food availability data in Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean EU countries. A Mediterranean diet score designed a priori was used as instrument. SETTING: Fifteen ...

To compare birth weight and cesarean section rates with high gestational weight gain and normal weight gain in nulliparous pregnant women with a normal prepregnant body mass index. A retrospective study. Thammasat University Hospital. A study was conducted comparing 330 nulliparous pregnant women with normal prepregnant body mass index who ...

Mortality patterns of two Zebu cattle breeds, Sahiwal and Tharparkar, and two crossbred strains, Karan Swiss and Karan Fries, maintained at the National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal were studied. Nine-year (1989--90 to 1997--98) data on mortality were analysed for year, season, age and cause effects on mortality rate. The overall ...

There is now substantial evidence that both short- and long-term increases in ambient air pollution are associated with increased mortality and morbidity in adults and children. Children's health is particularly vulnerable to environmental pollution, and infant mortality is still a major contributor to childhood mortality. In this systematic review we ...

Influence of the blood meal source on life cycle, mortality, and fecundity of 2 cohorts of recently colonized Mexican Meccus longipennis, fed on hens (H-cohort) or rats (R-cohort) were evaluated in laboratory conditions. One hundred twelve nymphs (56%) (H-cohort) and 102 nymphs (51%) (R-cohort), completed the cycle. The average time ...

According to terror management theory, heightened concerns about mortality should intensify the appeal of charismatic leaders. To assess this idea, we investigated how thoughts about death and the 9/11 terrorist attacks influence Americans' attitudes toward current U.S. President George W. Bush. Study 1 found that reminding people of their own ...

BACKGROUND: Maori and Pacific deaths were severely undercounted in the mid-1980s and first half of 1990s, resulting in numerator-denominator bias when calculating mortality rates by ethnicity. We used the New Zealand Census-Mortality Study to adjust for this bias and calculate corrected ethnic-specific mortality rates from 1980 to 1999. METHODS: Age-specific ...

The palm tree Euterpe edulis is endemic to the Atlantic Forest, where it constitutes an economically important forest product. The often unplanned and illegal harvesting of palm hearts has led to drastic reductions in the populations of E. edulis in many areas where this palm used to be the dominant ...

I examined trends in socioeconomic inequalities in under-five mortality for the state of São Paulo, Brazil, over a 21-year period from 1970 to 1991, during which much of the mortality transition unfolded. During this time, there was a decline in inequality in under-five mortality by household wealth but a substantial ...

The main aim of the present analysis is to test the possibility that the period of economic hardship characterizing Mexico over the decade 1986-1996 has negatively influenced infant health outcomes. Data on births from two installments of the Encuesta Nacional de la Dinámica Demográfica, a nationally representative demographic survey, are ...

A divergence in earlier multiple sclerosis (MS) mortality rates observed within Europe, prompted us to determine the MS mortality rate in Austria and several European countries. Our aim was to examine the temporal and geographical variations within Austria and to determine future MS mortality rates based on a projection model. ...

We tested three competing hypotheses regarding the adult "Hispanic mortality paradox": data artifact, migration, and cultural or social buffering effects. On the basis of a series of parametric hazard models estimated on nine years of mortality follow-up data, our results suggest that the "Hispanic" mortality advantage is a feature found ...

The "fetuses at risk" concept of gestational-age-specific mortality proposed by Yudkin et al. (Lancet 1987;1:1192-4) and extended by various researchers is becoming popular in perinatal and pediatric epidemiology. However, the definitions using this concept have led to a puzzling phenomenon in which mortality rates appear to increase monotonically with advancing ...

The aims of this study were to assess impacts of hot summer periods on mortality in the Czech Republic and to quantify the size of the short-term displacement effect which resulted in lower than expected mortality after heat waves. The analysis covered the period 1982-2000 when several extraordinarily hot summers ...

This study presents quantitative, sociological models designed to account for cross-national variation in infant mortality rates. We consider variables linked to four different theoretical perspectives: the economic modernization, social modernization, political modernization, and dependency perspectives. The study is based on a panel regression analysis of a sample of 59 developing ...

PURPOSE: To examine the changes in all cause mortality and cause-specific mortality after the economic crisis in South Korea. METHODS: Monthly mortality data for an entire country was used and intervention analysis applied to compare mortality after the crisis with mortality which would have occurred if the trends before the ...

With the implementation in 1999 of ICD-10 death certificate coding in the United States, mortality data specific to malignant mesothelioma became readily available on a national basis. To evaluate the accuracy and completeness of diagnosis and coding for mesothelioma on the death certificate, mortality information was compared with incidence data. ...

We consider optimal annual routines of reproductive behaviour in a seasonal environment. In our model the condition of the organism is adversely affected by hard work, but can recover during easy periods. Our analysis concentrates on the effects of background mortality (i.e., mortality that cannot be avoided) on the optimal ...

Analysis of the interaction between mortality patterns and opportunity for natural selection could help to elucidate potential evolutionary implications of epidemic mortality. In this paper secular trends are studied in relation to Crow's index (It) and its components of mortality (Im) and fertility (If), using parish records for family reconstitution ...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To describe inequalities in all cause premature mortality between and within regions of Great Britain and how these inequalities have changed between 1979 and 1998. DESIGN: Retrospective study using routine population and death data aggregated into five year age and sex groups for each of 20 years. SETTING: ...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To analyse international variations of trends in "avoidable" mortality (1980-1997). DESIGN: A multilevel model was used to study trends in avoidable and "non-avoidable" mortality and trends by cause of death. SETTING: Fifteen countries of the European Union, the Czech Republic, and Hungary. PARTICIPANTS: 19 avoidable causes of death ...

In 1999, Caruso reported data from the level 1 trauma center in Newark, New Jersey, documenting "...an ominous trend toward the use of larger caliber firearms in accidents, homicides and suicides." Those data were derived from measurements of bullets removed from our trauma patients and submitted to the Surgical Pathology ...

Previous work has shown that tree turnover, tree biomass and large liana densities have increased in mature tropical forest plots in the late twentieth century. These results point to a concerted shift in forest ecological processes that may already be having significant impacts on terrestrial carbon stocks, fluxes and biodiversity. ...

For more than 30 years temephos, an organophosphate insecticide, has been the sole larvicide used in Brazil in the control of Aedes aegypti. Organophosphates were also used for adult control, being replaced by pyrethroids since 1999. In this same year the Brazilian Health Foundation started the coordination of the Ae. ...