Over a 12-month period, a cluster survey on Neonatal tetanus (NNT) mortality was conducted in Northern Nigeria. The relative contributions of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) to certain epidemiological factors associated with NNT deaths were evaluated. NNT mortality was 20.6/1000 live-births (i.e. over 65% of neonatal mortality). Poor cord management ...

A proportional mortality study comparing the cotton-growing areas of the San Joaquin Valley with the rest of the State of California was performed by the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a continuation of earlier studies related to mercaptan-releasing pesticides. This mortality study found a pattern of increased proportion ...

OBJECTIVE: The author's goal was to shed light on the debate regarding the mortality rate over time associated with anorexia nervosa. METHOD: He conducted a meta-analytic study using weighted linear regression to combine crude mortality proportions from 42 published studies to estimate the mortality associated with anorexia nervosa over time. ...

BACKGROUND: State-specific aviation-related mortality rates differ substantially between various geographical regions of the United States. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to ascertain important explanatory factors that account for the geographical distribution of mortality. METHODS: National Center for Health Statistics sources were used to calculate state-specific, age-adjusted mortality rates. ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether periodic variations in annual infant mortality were associated with malnutrition and the poor quality of the food supply available to the community. DESIGN: Retrospective study of historical epidemiology of infant mortality by time series analysis and family reconstitution of parish registers of burials and baptisms. SETTING: ...

Studies examining the mortality from Parkinson's disease have been reviewed to assess the impact of levodopa therapy. These include national mortality data taken from death certificate returns, cohort studies comparing the deaths observed in a group of patients with those expected from population statistics, and case-control studies comparing deaths in ...

Previous time series analyses of infant mortality have failed to provide evidence to support their implicit assumption that infant mortality data used behaved as a stationary time series. The present study applies the augmented Dickey Fuller Test to infant mortality time series for Sweden (1800-1989), United Kingdom (1839-1989) and United ...

Trends in mortality from Hodgkin's disease (HD) and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) in the whole of Europe and in two broad European geographic areas (Western and Eastern Europe) were reviewed over the period of 1960-1990, on the basis of official death certifications derived from the World Health Organization database. Between the ...

The paper uses published results from the 1992 census to describe more recent trends in infant and child mortality in Zimbabwe. It is shown that the period 1986 to 1988 provided the turning point in the gradual decline in infant and child mortality in the provinces. After this period, several ...

The high infant mortality rate in the United States, especially in urban areas, remains a major federal concern. Four strategies for reducing infant mortality in cities participating in the federal ¿Healthy Start¿ are reducing high-risk pregnancies; reducing the incidence of low birthweight and preterm births; improving birthweight-specific survival; and reducing ...

OBJECTIVES: This study compared the relative strength of the associations of a set of structural (social, economic, and political) variables and a set of health services variables with state-level infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality. It also examined whether health services mediate the relationships between structural variables and state-level infant, neonatal, ...

During the last 3 decades, the mortality rates of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) markedly increased in various countries, including Italy. This finding has been attributed to factors such as better case ascertainment or changes in the demographic structure of the population, or to unknown environmental factors. The longitudinal Gompertzian analysis ...

Regional and local authority patterns of mortality in England and Wales for both males and females are presented for the latest available years (1989-93). The familiar geographic pattern of higher mortality in the north and west and lower mortality to the south and east of the country has continued into ...

"There has recently been a movement of Aboriginals to outlying settlements [in Australia]. This article...examines the patterns of mortality in remote Aboriginal communities and compares these with rates for other locations in Australia's northern regions. The results indicate mortality rates several times higher in remote Aboriginal settlements than elsewhere in ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the mortality experience of Scottish postcode sectors characterised by socioeconomic census variables (Carstairs scores) in 1980-2 and 1990-2. METHODS: Variables derived from the 1981 and 1991 censuses were combined according to the method devised by Carstairs and Morris to obtain Carstairs scores for 1010 postcode sectors in ...

The United States dialysis population has an excessive mortality rate that cannot be fully explained by comorbid conditions or demographic factors. The quantity of dialysis has been suggested to be insufficient. This report reviews the several dialysis-related factors that impact on mortality. Since the National Cooperative Dialysis Study in 1983, ...

Cultured Perkinsus marinus cells were exposed for 24 hr to salinities of 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 22 ppt at temperatures of 1, 5, 10, 15 and 28 degrees C in artificial seawater (ASW) and to the same salinities at 28 degrees C in ASW with the osmotic concentration ...

On the basis of terror management theory, research has shown that subtle mortality salience inductions engender increased prejudice, nationalism, and intergroup bias. Study 1 replicated this effect (increased preference for a pro-U.S. author over an anti-U.S. author) and found weaker effects when Ss are led to think more deeply about ...

From 1982 the Ministry of Health of Egypt implemented the National Control of Diarrhoeal Diseases Project (NCDDP) which attempted to improve case management of childhood diarrhoea by making oral rehydration salts (ORS) widely available and used, to improve feeding patterns during diarrhoea, and other measures. National data indicate a high ...

For five localities of Western Alps (Val d'Aosta and Piemonte) inhabited by Walser populations (Gressoney-la-Trinité, Gressoney St. Jean, Issime, Macugnaga and Rima) the main features of mortality are described, namely raw death rate, seasonality of deaths, distribution of deaths according to age classes and infant mortality. Death rate is higher ...

Too many babies were dying in Fort Worth, TX, in the late 1980's. In fact, at the time, the city had the highest infant mortality rate of any of the major cities in Texas and one of the highest in the nation. These statistics spurred Fort Worth's Harris Methodist Health ...

The author describes recent trends in mortality and morbidity in the successor states to the former Soviet Union. Separate consideration is given to mortality under late perestroika (1987-1991) and subsequent mortality trends. The author concludes that "the collapse of the USSR and the problems of the successor states have had ...

The computerised records of all the lambs slaughtered at one plant from August 1991 to July 1992 were used to determine the mortality rate throughout the year and to examine the variables that could have been associated with changes in the mortality rate. The plant processed 3.3 per cent of ...

We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate whether stress ulcer prophylaxis with histamine-2-receptor antagonists or antacids reduces mortality in critically ill patients. It appears that sucralfate results in a lower incidence of nosocomial pneumonia than either antacids or histamine-2-receptor antagonists. With respect to mortality, strong trends favored sucralfate over both antacids ...

A detailed study of the effects of tail docking on lamb health and productivity was prompted by current concern about the welfare aspects of lamb tail amputation. Using a controlled field trial, comparing over 3000 docked and undocked lambs on seven farms, the effects of tail docking on mortality, blowfly ...

Early-modern cities are often perceived to be centres of high mortality and under constant siege from a barrage of epidemics. However, few urban mortality rates have been calculated and by employing parish register evidence from the regional capital of York, the thesis that the city was subjected to continual sudden ...

Mortality from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in Norway has increased substantially over the last two or three decades, as it has in other Western nations. The reasons for this general increase are not clear, but the rise has been attributed to increasing exposure to a broad range of environmental agents. ...

Cohort analysis of cancer mortality in industrialized countries has led to the generally accepted conclusion that these populations have been exposed to increasing levels of carcinogenic influences. Age-specific cancer mortality rates in the United States from 1962 to 1988 were portrayed in both cross-sectional and cohort manners. Both representations are ...

Patterns of infant mortality in Oklahoma are unlike the rest of the United States. Oklahoma has a significantly higher post neonatal mortality rate than the United States, with SIDS and congenital disorders being the leading causes of death in that age group. Conversely, Oklahoma has a significantly lower neonatal mortality ...

An investigation of the mortality rates of young adults born in the postwar period of large-scale atmospheric nuclear testing (1945-1965) in the United States and other western industrial nations reveals an increasingly anomalous rise in mortality from its previous secular decline. Beginning in the late 1970s and particularly since 1983, ...

"This article offers a detailed discussion of Chinese mortality as confirmed by data from the 1982 and 1990 censuses. It points out that, in measuring the actual mortality in China in the 1980s, attention should be paid not only to infant mortality but also to failures in reporting deaths of ...

Peptic ulcer (PU) disease is the cause of substantial morbidity and mortality in a number of countries including Australia. Despite diagnostic and treatment advances, sustained mortality from PU disease has been reported. To understand this problem a birth cohort analysis using the Median Polish Technique (MPT) was performed on 36 ...

"Significant mortality improvement was experienced by the population [of Hong Kong] during the period 1971 to 1992. This article summarises the mortality trends by age by sex and also by cause of death during this period. The trends of the three most commonly used health indicators, viz. life expectancy, infant ...

The public debate surrounding disparities in infant mortality has resulted from a profound failure to seek a common wisdom. Because of its essential social roots, infant mortality will always remain the province of fundamental ideological and political conflict. However, without a more integrated analytic approach, progress in reducing disparate infant ...

The present study was conducted in 9 villages of Rural Health Training Centre, Jawan, Aligarh, India, having 1792 registered families. The infant mortality rate was 79.3 per 1000 live births. Higher mortality in children between 1-2 years (29.6/1000) in comparison to 2-5 years (16.2/1000) reflected the higher vulnerability of children ...

Present cartography procedures for quantitative indicators are arbitrary on choice of the number of categories in which a particular area is to be divided. The choice of initial cutoff and the choice of the width of each category is also arbitrary. To remove this arbitrariness and thus to introduce objectivity, ...

Prior studies on infant and child mortality in Zimbabwe have questioned the low mortality found in Matabaleland South. It was suspected that it could be an artefact of data. Using the ZDHS data, this study has shown that the probability of dying before age five (q(5)) is indeed low in ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term mortality and causes of death among cockpit crewmembers. A total of 2,327 cockpit crewmembers registered at Japan Airlines between August 1, 1952, and December 31, 1988, were traced to assess mortality. Medical records were also reviewed. The mortality rates for ...

This paper examines the spatial variation of infant mortality in Malawi between 1977 and 1987. Data from the 1977 and 1987 censuses are used in simple correlation and forward stepwise regression analysis to explain and/or predict the variation and change of infant mortality is strongly associated with a number of ...

There is unequivocal evidence for the reduction of early mortality (up to about 35 days) by SK, APSAC and rt-PA, each compared with placebo, for patients treated intravenously within the first few hours of onset of acute MI. An overview of early trials demonstrating mortality reduction with SK, has been ...

Recent studies have demonstrated a worldwide rise in mortality from motor neurone disease (MND). However, in Japan mortality appears to have fallen significantly since the late 1960s, especially amongst women. Studies of the cause of both the worldwide rise, and the unique decline in MND mortality in Japan, have largely ...

This one year prospective study was carried out to determine the CBR, CDR and different underfive mortality rates in some selected rural ICDS blocks of West Bengal and also to find out the common causes of infant and childhood mortality in these areas. It was revealed that most of the ...

Trauma outcome variables before and after the institution of the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) program were compared for the largest hospital in Trinidad and Tobago from July 1981 through December 1985 (pre-ATLS) and from January 1986 to June 1990 (post-ATLS). A total of 199 physicians were ATLS trained by ...

A cohort study of agricultural practices and the mortality experience (1971 to 1987) of male farmers in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta has been conducted. The census records of 156, 242 male farmers identified on the 1971 Census of Agriculture and the corresponding Census of Population were linked to mortality records ...

The incidence of poliomyelitis in the Czech Republic shows four epidemiologically different phases recorded during a lifetime of one human generation: endemicity (until 1938), epidemicity (1939 to 1956), repression (1957 to 1960) and elimination (1961 till now). The phase of the endemic incidence of poliomyelitis studied in this paper finished ...

Nazi concentration camp survivors have been shown to have excess mortality in the first 20 years following their release. To determine if this excess persists, Israeli civil servants were studied. Mortality of camp survivors and of other post-war European immigrants was compared 20-41 years following World War II. Using survival ...

During produced by sheep for up to 1 week post-treatment (drenching) with ivermectin caused significant mortality to newly emerged larvae of the bushfly Musca vetustissima. Dung from sheep drenched with a mixture of levamisole and oxfendazole also resulted in larval mortality, but here the effect was limited to the first ...

The results of an extension of follow up (1976 to 1989) of a cohort of workers employed for at least one year between 1 January 1950 and 31 December 1975 at eight oil refineries in Britain are reported. Over 99% of the workers were successfully traced to determine their vital ...

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of mortality among current and former male employees of a modern tire manufacturing plant in Texas. Vital status was ascertained for more than 99% of the cohort of 2306 workers. Standardized mortality ratio analyses were completed based on 102 deaths. No significant excess for ...