This study examines cultural patterning in situational variability in mother-infant interactions among middle-class Anglo and Puerto Rican mothers and their 12 to 15-month-old firstborn children. Forty mothers were interviewed regarding their long-term socialization goals and childrearing strategies, and videotaped interacting with their infants in four everyday settings: feeding, social play, ...

This is a retrospective study of mothers charged with killing their children within 24 h of birth in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Characteristics of the mothers and the victims, the circumstances surrounding the offense, the mothers' motivation and state of mind at the time of the offense, ...

OBJECTIVE: To review the literature addressing the process of relinquishment as it relates to the birth mother. DATA SOURCES: Computerized searches in CINAHL; Article 1 st, PsycFIRST, and SocioAbs databases, using the keywords adoption and relinquishment; and ancestral bibliographies. STUDY SELECTION: Articles from indexed journals in the English language relevant ...

This study describes the development of anxiety and motor activation in mice lacking the serotonin (5HT) 1B receptor and in wild type controls and characterizes their early mother-infant interactions. In the isolation-induced ultrasonic vocalization paradigm, 5HT1B knockout pups vocalized less and were hyperactive, rearing, jumping, and rolling more often than ...

Attachment is defined as the formation of a relationship between a mother and her newborn infant. The concept of attachment has been inadequately defined and often confused with feelings associated with love, instinct, engrossment, and being connected to others. Prematurity and associated maternal-infant separation at birth can affect the attachment ...

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this survey were to investigate whether, in the state of Hawaii, early discharge had a negative effect on the health of new mothers and their infants, especially those at high sociodemographic risk, and whether early discharge was implemented in compliance with the early-discharge guidelines of the ...

A mother's responsiveness to her infant's signals is important for developing their personal relationship and the child's social and cognitive competence. While interacting, both mother and infant emit signals to capture each other's attention and to indicate whether to join, sustain, or terminate their interaction. Maternal sensitivity to these signals ...

The study examines an intervention designed to influence mothers' sensitive responsiveness toward their infant by presenting information about the newborn's competence to interact and promoting affectionate handling and interaction with the infant. Thirty-six primiparous mothers and their newborn infants participated in the study. On day 2/3 after delivery, mother-infant dyads ...

The optimal coordination between the new mammalian mother and her young involves a sequence of behaviors on the part of each that ensures that the young will be adequately cared for and show healthy physical, emotional, and social development. This coordination is accomplished by each member of the relationship having ...

Three components of the attachment transmission model were examined in 48 kibbutz dyads from 2 kibbutz sleeping arrangements: communal and home-based. Concurrent assessments used the Strange Situation procedure (M. D. Ainsworth, M. C. Blehar, E. Waters, & S. Wall, 1978) for infants' attachment relations, the Adult Attachment Interview (C. George, ...

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to measure the effectiveness of resource mothers in reducing adverse consequences of maternal phenylketonuria. METHODS: Nineteen pregnancies in the resource mothers group were compared with 64 pregnancies in phenylketonuric women without resource mothers. Weeks to metabolic control and offspring outcome were measured. RESULTS: ...

Mothers (N = 125) and their firstborn sons were studied over an 11-month period to examine relations between mothers' representations of their relationships with their children (measured at 15 months by using the Parent Development Interview [PDI]), adult representations of attachment (measured at 12 months by using the Adult Attachment ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between the free intake of long chain w3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (w3 LCP) during pregnancy and the levels in the mother with the levels in the neonate. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: University hospital. SUBJECTS: One hundred and sixty-two mother-neonate pairs from normal at-term pregnancies. MAIN ...

CONTEXT: Few studies document how parents adapt to the experience of a very low-birth-weight (VLBW; <1500 g) birth despite societal concerns about the ethics and justification of intensive care for these infants. OBJECTIVE: To determine the degree and type of stress experienced over time by mothers whose infants vary in ...

The NNNS provides a comprehensive assessment of the at-risk and drug-exposed infant. The examination was developed for research and has now been extended to clinical practice. It is routinely used in our hospital in several clinical programs. In this article we detailed how the examination is used with substance-involved mothers ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of pacifier use and whether this habit adversely affects the health of 6-month-old infants. DESIGN: Data collected via self-completion questionnaires from mothers forming part of the prospective, population-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood. METHODS: The mothers of 10 950 infants gave information on ...

Previous studies have found that stressful events during pregnancy can influence the developing fetus, resulting in attentional and neuromotor problems. This prospective study examined whether periods of vulnerability exist for neurobehavioral impairments associated with prenatal stress, using a nonhuman primate model. Twenty-eight rhesus monkey infants were born to mothers in ...

Investigated stability and change in intrusive and withdrawn interaction behaviours of 23 mothers in Study 1 and 31 mothers in Study 2. Comparisons between mother-infant and mother-boyfriend interactions revealed that mothers who had been withdrawn with their infants were quiet, bored-looking, physically distant, and underinvolved with their boyfriends. Mothers who ...

Main and Hesse's (1990) model in which frightening (threatening, frightened, or dissociated) parental behavior explains why infants of parents with unresolved loss develop disorganized attachment relationships was tested. Unresolved loss using the Adult Attachment Interview in a nonclinical middle-class sample of 85 mothers who had experienced the loss of someone ...

It is well known that mothers give then infants lessons in conversational competence from an early age. This study considered how maternal gestures and prosody contribute to this developing competence. It examines how mothers use ostensive marking to point out common references at different stages of development. The corpus consisted ...

BACKGROUND: Interventions that promote positive mother-infant interactions may reduce the risk of poor developmental outcomes for the child. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of infant communication education presented prenatally to first-time mothers on the quality of interaction that occurs between the mother-infant dyad in the first 24 hours following birth. ...

PURPOSE: This study investigates whether the timing after birth of babies' cleft repairs influences the psychological status of mothers. METHODS: Mothers of infants born with a cleft lip completed psychological assessments and semistructured interviews at four time points: 2-3 weeks, 3 months and 6 months following the birth. In addition, ...

This study examined behaviors of intrusive/depressed versus withdrawn/depressed mothers and their one-year-old infants during a structured teaching interaction. Group comparisons revealed that intrusive/depressed mothers showed more positive responses, more demonstrating toys, and more physical guidance, and their infants demonstrated less toy manipulation. Withdrawn/depressed mothers maintained infant play more frequently and ...

The measurement of myocardial damage by newer, highly specific markers of myocardial damage is now possible, including cardiac structural proteins such as troponin T (TnT). In neonates of pre-eclamptic mothers, it identifies minor myocardial damage missed by other biochemical markers. The present study was designed to determine the diagnostic value ...

One hundred and six neonates of 24-32 weeks gestation born to hypertensive mothers and 106 concurrent control infants of normotensive mothers were evaluated to determine the relationship between maternal hypertension and neonatal neutropenia and the risk of nosocomial infection developing in neutropenic infants. Complete blood counts were performed on both ...

In the UK, surrogacy procedures are unregulated and not monitored. Information concerning the selection and assessment of intended (the mother commissioning) and surrogate mothers (the mother carrying and delivering the baby) is therefore not generally available (BMA, 1996). It is important to determine what type of assessment is used, and ...

To investigate the effect on bonding behavior of giving mothers their premature baby's picture, 40 mother-infant dyads were randomly assigned to experimental (E) and control (C) groups. The E mothers were given a picture of their baby. The C mothers did not receive pictures. Both groups had visitation rights 24 ...

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common disease of childhood. It frequently starts in the first year of life. There is agreement on the existence of psychological influences on this disease. Although some studies in this field examine aspects of the parent-child relationship, studies concerning early infancy are very rare. ...

Congenital heart block is a serious condition with significant mortality due in most cases to the transplacental transfer of autoantibodies from an otherwise asymptomatic mother. Although SSA/Ro and SSB/La autoantibodies have been implicated, attention has focused recently on autoantibodies to envelope proteins of endogenous retrovirus-3 (ERV-3). We have recently identified ...

Stern notes that infants attempt to enliven their depressed mothers. The reconstructed childhood of a patient who was the daughter of a depressed mother is discussed. The treatment of this 31-year-old single woman whose talk was rapid, whose comments were studded with high-powered names, and whose checks bounced is described. ...

We evaluated the validity of the Perinatal Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire (PPQ) as a measure of posttraumatic stress symptomatology. Mothers of high-risk infants (N = 91) and healthy, full-term infants (N = 51) answered the PPQ and two other convergent measures of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, the Impact of Event ...

OBJECTIVE: To understand the consequences when mothers experience fatigue throughout the first 18 months after birth. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of data from a longitudinal study. Fatigue was measured five times between birth and 18 months after delivery. SETTING: Data for the longitudinal study were collected in different settings (hospital, telephone, ...

Eighty-one 6-month-old infants and their mothers were videotaped in Tronick's face-to-face still-face paradigm to evaluate gender differences in infant and maternal emotional expressivity and regulation. Male infants had greater difficulty than female infants in maintaining affective regulation during each episode, including the still face. Mother-son dyads had higher synchrony scores ...

The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a telephone intervention to reduce fatigue and the resulting symptom distress of mothers in Iceland who reported having a behaviourally difficult infant of 2-3 months of age. A sample of 78 mothers who reached distress criteria of depressive symptoms ...

Abuse to pregnant women can affect maternal health and infant birthweight. To examine the rate of weight change among infants, ages birth to 12 months, born to women abused by the male intimate, an ethnically stratified cohort of 121 infants and their mothers were followed. Infants were weighed on a ...

We studied changes in the sleep patterns of ten young women from late pregnancy (36 weeks) to the sixth postpartum week, focusing on the relationship between the women's sleep patterns and their infants' movements. The mothers' polysomnograms and their infants' ankle actigrams were simultaneously recorded using a Medilog 9000 at ...

The purpose of this study was to compare temperament of preterm infants born at 34 weeks gestation or earlier with that of healthy, term infants at 4 months of age by maternal ratings and maternal perceptions and to examine the role of social support on maternal assessments of infant temperament. ...

This study assessed the responsiveness of newborn breast- and bottle-fed infants to presentations of maternal odor. Maternal odor was presented for 1 min to crying, sleeping or awake newborns. The odors were: (1) own mother's odor - presentation of a hospital gown worn by the baby's mother, (2) other mother's ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of a short-term intervention for improving interaction behaviors of newborn infants with their depressed mothers. METHODS: Depressed mothers assigned to the experimental group first observed an administration of the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) at delivery. Mothers then used a similar instrument, the Mother's Assessment ...

In most families, mothers contribute substantially to the new infant's emotional environment and development. Because such mother-infant interaction is crucial, a mother's emotional context is very relevant to infant development. This article in New Perspectives in Early Emotional Development addresses the relationships that a mother requires to regulate her maternal ...

Recent behavioral and physiologic observations of infants and mothers have shown them ready to begin interacting in the first minutes of life. Included among these findings are the newborn infant's ability to crawl toward the breast to initiate suckling and mother-infant thermoregulation. The attachment felt between mother and infant may ...

Infants of mothers who remain depressed for 1 year after birth have a distinct profile of behavioral, physiologic, and biochemical dysregulation. Their mothers also have a distinct profile that can be used to target those in need of intervention. These interventions may include mood induction, massage therapy, interaction coaching, and ...

The experiences of most child health professionals give them only partial insight into the complex emotional and behavioral changes brought on by maternity. This article describes an approach to clinical management and emotional care based on the principles of birth as an opportunity for reorganization and changes; the meeting of ...

Of all of the infant's signals, the cry is particularly influential in the developing pattern of mother-infant interaction. If a mother terminates crying successfully, she may gain confidence; if unsuccessful, she may begin to focus on her perceived ineffectiveness. Pediatricians and nurses who work with mothers of young infants need ...

Infants as young as 3 months are able to detect depression in their mothers. Depressed mothers are sufficiently different from nondepressed mothers in affect and interaction that the social, emotional, and cognitive functioning of their infants are compromised. This article reviews current findings on the effects of maternal depression and ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to describe a specialist program in a psychiatric mother-baby unit and to review the characteristics (including mothering skills) and outcomes on discharge of 36 women consecutively admitted to the unit over an intensive 6-month observation period. Changes in admissions to the same unit ...

I studied the relationship between the timing of birth relative to other births in the social group, and the rate of spatial integration into the herd in six cohorts of semi-free-ranging infant sable antelope at the National Zoological Park's Conservation and Research Center near Front Royal, Virginia. All calves spent ...

An attempt is made to define the essence of the tragic through an examination of Euripides' 'The Bacchae', a tragedy that deals with the origins of tragedy itself. The action here culminates in the dismemberment of Pentheus by his mother. It is proposed that the tragic may be related to ...

Choriocarcinoma arising in the placenta, or intraplacental choriocarcinoma, has seldom been reported, particularly in the absence of maternal metastases. Reluctance to diagnose choriocarcinoma in the presence of chorionic villi can delay diagnosis; however, timely diagnosis of choriocarcinoma is prognostically important, both for the mother and infant. We report the clinicopathologic ...

The role of maternal sensitivity as a mediator accounting for the robust association between maternal attachment representations and the quality of the infant-mother attachment relationship was examined. Sixty mother-infant dyads were observed at home and in the Strange Situation at 13 months, and mothers participated in the Adult Attachment Interview ...