The Healthiest Babies Possible Program (HBP) is a prenatal intervention program for the City of Toronto and is designed to reduce the incidence of low birth weight babies. This study was undertaken to assess the impact of the HBP on dietary change and birth outcome for underweight and overweight expectant ...

Growth, feed conversion, serum chemistry and gross slaughter characteristics were determined in 20 steers (initially 9 mo of age, 231 +/- 18 kg) receiving daily injections of either saline (S) or recombinantly derived bovine somatotropin (rBST, 20.6 mg/d) for 112 d. Live weight gains were 15% greater for steers treated ...

The synthesis and characterization of polysaccharides esterified with gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (GdDTPA) are described. The results of several synthetic methods are presented for esterification of dextrans and inulin with DTPA. One method results in highly conjugated products labeled with an average of 0.4 mol of GdDTPA/mol of glucopyranose unit in ...

This study determined the prevalence of low maternal weight gain among a target group of low-income black and Hispanic women and compared weight-for-height near term with total weight gain during pregnancy as an index of birth-weight classification. One-third (30.8%) of 325 women had weights near term less than 120% of ...

This study presents information on the course and rates of weight gain and the associations among weight gain, prepregnancy weight-for-height, and infant birth weight, based on a total sample of 1419 uncomplicated term deliveries to adolescents. The distribution of cumulative weight gain indicates that for adolescents not only is the ...

The nutritional management of infants admitted with diarrhoea to the University Hospital of Botucatu includes a change from bolus feeding of a modulated minced-chicken formula to a continuous nasogastric drip (NGD) feeding, whenever the required calorie intake is not achieved or the diarrhoea does not subside. To evaluate this approach, ...

Variations of two maternal behavior components (time spent with litter and rapidity of pup retrieving) as well as certain physical and developmental characteristics of pups (weight, relative weight gain, and neuromotor maturation) in rats were simultaneously studied in 29 various-sized litters in which interindividual variations were not experimentally amplified. Results ...

Dietary and other health-related data were obtained for 99 low-income, pregnant adolescents aged 13 to 19 years and their infants who were enrolled in the Teen Pregnancy Service (TPS). The dietetic services provided through TPS are highlighted for this sample of teens, 97% of whom were eligible for the WIC ...

The possible influence of the body fluid compartments at birth on postnatal weight loss was studied in normal term negroid infants when on a standardized oral fluid, sodium and energy regimen during the first three days of life. Measurements of plasma volume (PV), total body water (TBW), and extracellular water ...

The dynamic shear moduli at various frequencies and stress growth after the sudden start of steady shear were measured for 1% HA (hyaluronic acid) solutions with different molecular weights. From the results of the zero shear viscosity, eta 0, the steady shear compliance, J 0e, and delta eta defined as ...

A randomized, multicenter clinical trial comparing two oral rehydration solutions (ORS) with different sugar content and total osmolality was carried out in France. Solution A had 168 mmol/L of sugar and a total osmolarity of 326 mosm/kg; solution D had 90 mmol/L of sugar and a total osmolarity of 240 ...

A major challenge facing the health care system is to improve the distribution of infant birth weights. Prenatal weight gain and prepregnancy weight status are two of the major factors that influence infant birth weight. These are independently and linearly related to birth weight. It is believed by many that ...

Postnatal weight gain during the first 8 weeks of life of 20 very low birthweight preterm infants (gestational age: 28.9 +/- 1.7 weeks, birthweight: 1098 +/- 199 g, mean +/- SD) was compared to the in utero weight gain of theoretical control fetuses. By the end of the study period ...

It has been reported that some African babies lose less weight during the neonatal period than their Caucasian counterparts. A prospective study of 330 newborns in rural Zaire was done to evaluate the degree of newborn weight loss and to determine what factors might be causally associated with the weight ...

Relationships among prepregnancy weight status, prenatal weight gain, and the outcome of 922 twin gestations delivered at term were retrospectively investigated with the use of data provided by linked birth-death certificates in Kansas, 1980 to 1986. Infant birth weights were found to increase linearly with prenatal weight gain for women ...

Previous research has shown that the smooth pursuit system in early infancy is quite immature. Infants' tracking of a single, small target moving at velocities greater than 10 deg/sec is almost entirely saccadic until the end of the second postnatal month. The emergence of smooth pursuit is characterized by low ...

Estimates of repeatability and heritability were obtained for the following productivity traits of ewes: litter weight at birth (LWB) and weaning (LWW), litter size at birth (LSB), litter size alive at birth (NBA), litter size at weaning (LSW), neonatal survival rate (SRB) and preweaning survival rate (SRW). Phenotypic and genetic ...

Computerized recording of dynamic skinfold thickness measurements was performed on low birthweight infants. Four skinfold sites were measured daily for the first 7 days postnatally and then at intervals up to 4 weeks of age. The percentage of fall of the skinfold between 0.4 and 30 seconds after caliper application ...

Most research on recognition of the ewe by her lamb has focused on lambs several days or even several weeks old, whereas newly born lambs have received little attention. The aim of this work was therefore to study the attraction of Merino lambs to postparturient ewes and their ability to ...

Growth and reproductive data were obtained on 779 beef heifers at the San Juan Basin Research Center, Hesperus, Co. Genetic parameters were estimated for age of puberty (AOP), age of first calving (AOC), julian day of first calving (DOC), julian day of second calving (DOSC), birth weight, weaning weight, yearling ...

The weight of 64 preterm appropriate for gestational age infants were followed closely during the period of stay in the newborn unit. They were subdivided into three groups: A (1001-1250 g), B (1250-1500 g), and C (1501-1750 g). The mean gestation for these groups were 28.7, 30.5, and 31 weeks, ...

Postweaning growth data, collected from a Hereford herd located in the Southwest, were used to estimate genetic parameters for weights and gains. The herd was maintained on unsupplemented range forage, and average weight losses from weaning to yearling age were 9% for bulls and 12% for heifers. Data were grouped ...

Pregnant women who are underweight for height and gestational age are at risk of delivering infants weighing less than infants born to women of standard weight. This study demonstrated that a nutrition intervention program geared toward these high-risk women improved infant outcome. A group of 57 underweight and failure-to-gain pregnant ...

The neonate is born with an excess of total body water (TBW) in the range of 75% to 85% of body weight (v 60% in the adult), which is due to a large extracellular fluid volume (ECF) of 40% to 50% of body weight (v 20% in the adult). In ...

Two hundred and four (204) women attending a Sydney maternity hospital and their babies were followed throughout pregnancy in a study, which aimed: 1) to describe the distribution of maternal weight gain in present day Australian women and 2) to determine the effect of weight gain and other factors on ...

Autopsies were performed on lamb carcases from 2 groups of Merino ewes lambing in paddocks in spring 1978 and from 1 group lambing in pens in 1980 in southwest Queensland. These showed that the main causes of death were starvation due to failure of the lamb to obtain milk, problems ...

Fifty pregnant teenagers were chosen from four maternity clinics in the Tampa Bay area and followed from first visit to delivery. They were assessed for nutritional status based on routine standards and counseled, if needed. Weight of baby, Apgar score, and duration of hospital stay were noted and tabulated according ...

Fractures and rickets (F/R) often occur in very low birth weight (VLBW less than 1500 g) infants who are acutely ill. However, there are no prospective longitudinal studies of the clinical course of F/R in these infants. In a prospective study of 78 VLBW infants during the first year after ...

The relationship of antenatal weight gain to pregnancy outcome was studied in 362 pairs of underweight women (less than 90% Metropolitan Relative Weight) and normal weight (90% to 110%) women who were matched for age, occupation, height, parity, race, and smoking habits. The mothers, selected from a study of pregnancy ...

The weights of 220 infants of Bangladeshi origin attending two clinics in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets were analysed at birth, 6 months and 18 months of age. The weights were compared first with the Tanner-Whitehouse standards derived from English children and then with Indian data from the infants ...

To examine the influence of obesity on obstetric performance, pregnancy outcome, and lactational performance, 163 mostly moderately obese gravidas were compared with age and parity-matched normal weight subjects. Significantly increased incidences of gestational hypertension, inadequate pregnancy weight gain, cesarean section, postpartum infections, and large-for-gestational age infants were observed in the ...

1. Mothers were followed from 1 month post-partum up to 12 months post-partum to measure changes in their body-weight and triceps skinfold thickness. 2. Overall there was a significant weight loss in the first few months but this levelled off by 7 months. 3. The triceps skinfold increased significantly up ...

We found diurnal weight gain to be abnormal among 28 institutionalized chronically psychotic patients. They were weighed daily for 15 days at 7 a.m. and 4 p.m. We normalized the diurnal weight gain (NDWG) as a percentage by subtracting the 7 a.m. weight from the 4 p.m. weight, multiplying the ...

Evaluation of compliance with metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) is especially difficult. We investigated the correlation between serial weight change of the MDI canister and the number of doses delivered. Canister weight strongly correlated with number of activations for three different bronchodilators (metaproterenol, r2 = 0.9965; albuterol, r2 = 0.9984; terbutaline, r2 ...

Fifty infants under the age of six months who were on artificial milk and who had attended the hospital for diarrhea, were taken up for study. They were divided into two groups. In Group I (n = 25) infants were given milk by spoon and in Group II (n = ...

The purpose of this work was the investigation of the development of the weight of brain, heart, lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys, adrenal glands and thymus, and the developmental relations occurring between them in human fetuses and newborns. The material covering 1908 individuals of both sexes (632 fetuses and 1276 newborns) ...

This study comprised 48,931 litters in 89 sow herds. During the study (1976-82) weaning age decreased from approx. 42 days to approx. 30 days. The mean incidence of post-weaning diarrhoea was 6.0% of litters weaned, with little variation by year but with considerable variation among herds. Within the individual herd ...

It has been postulated that motion stimulation accelerates postnatal development. To test this hypothesis, 26 premature infants participated in a randomized controlled study of the effects of rocking on body weight gain and measures of neuromuscular development. Treatment infants were exposed to 15-min sessions of sinusoidal oscillation about the longitudinal ...

Objectives were to establish growth patterns for weight and height in dairy calves from birth to 90 d and to estimate appropriate genetic parameters. Measurements were 7943 body weights and 7005 wither heights of 752 calves. Represented over 12 yr were three breeds, 348 dams, and 115 sires; data resulted ...

Weight, extracellular volume (ECV; distribution volume of sucrose) and renal function were studied in 13 preterm infants at birth (age 6 h (2-12); median, range) and again when postnatal weight loss exceeded 5% of birth weight (age 84 (64-97) h). Gestational age was 28 (26-32) weeks, and birthweight was 1,170 ...

A study was performed to compare the influence of pregnancy weight gain on infant birth weight and outcome among two groups of indigent women from the rural South: those who were highly overweight before pregnancy (greater than or equal to 135%) and those who were of average weight (90% to ...

Failure to thrive (FTT) has been defined in a number of ways, but most definitions include a weight less than the 5th percentile on the growth chart or a decreasing rate of weight gain. Nonorganic failure to thrive (NOFTT), i.e., FTT not due to organic disease, is the most common ...

Hypotheses of a negative association between fraternity size (size of litter in which an individual develops prior to birth or is reared following birth) and ovulation rate or litter size were tested by examining reproduction of females born or reared in varying prenatal and postnatal fraternities. Gifts were randomly assigned ...

In a retrospective analysis of 158 women considered to have had normal, low-risk pregnancies, 30 gave birth to infants with a birthweight less than the 10th centile for gestation. These 30 women had a significantly poorer mean increase in weight (0.99 kg) between 28 and 32 weeks gestation than the ...

Maternal weight gain is one of the most important independent predictors of infant birth weight and interacts with other maternal characteristics, including age, so that infant birth weight reaches a plateau at a higher level of maternal weight gain for young adolescents than for adults. It has been suggested that ...

The records of 11 infants, 25 to 38 weeks' gestation, with metabolic abnormalities induced by ileostomy fluid losses were reviewed. At operation for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) (9) or meconium ileus (MI) (2), they weighed between 1,100 and 3,100 g and were from one to 41 days old. All developed total ...

This paper presents part of a longitudinal study carried out in the three towns of Khartoum Province in the period December 1983 to April 1985. It was attempting to determine the duration of satisfactory breast-feeding in healthy breast-fed infants of mothers attending maternal and child health centres in the three ...

Khat chewing is a widespread male social habit in countries around the southern shore of the Red Sea and in eastern Africa and is also practiced by women, even during pregnancy and lactation. In order to study the potentially adverse effects of khat chewing during pregnancy, guinea pigs were fed ...

Data on 3957 heifers from the Holstein H line, Ayrshire-based A line, and C line (crossbreds between H and A lines) were used. Growth, feed consumption, and feed efficiency from 26 to 34 wk were examined. The full model included the fixed effects of herd, year of birth, season of ...

The effects on pregnancy outcome and maternal iron status of powdered milk (PUR) and a milk-based fortified product (V-N) were compared in a group of underweight gravidas. These take-home products were distributed during regular prenatal visits. Women in the V-N group had greater weight gain (12.29 vs 11.31 kg, p ...