OBJECTIVE:The objective of this work was to determine the impact of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) on the magnitude and time course of mean diffusivity (MD) changes following hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in newborns. METHODS:Cerebral MRI scans of infants undergoing whole body TH for HIE from 2007 to 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. The ...

New knowledge of the pathophysiology and evolution of hypoxic-ischemic brain injuries has made feasible interventions to improve clinical outcomes for newborns surviving birth asphyxia. Brain injury following hypoxic-ischemic insult is a complex process evolving over hours to days, which provides a unique window of opportunity for neuroprotective treatment interventions. The ...

Abstract Objective: To report our experience in the selection of newborns candidate to therapeutic hypothermia. Methods: Retrospective study involving forty-seven newborns suffering from perinatal asphyxia from January 2008 to September 2011. Results: Thirty-five of forty-seven newborns admitted to our hospital fulfilled metabolic and neurological criteria for recruitment and were cooled. ...

Objective Stimulation of the nervous system plays an important role in brain function and psychomotor development of children. Massage can benefit premature infants, but has limitations.Study Design The authors conducted a study to verify the direct effects of massage on amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG), oxygen saturation (SaO2), and pulse analyzed by ...

It took more than 30 years from the first observations that oxygen may be toxic during resuscitation till international guidelines changed to recommend that term and near term newborn infants should be resuscitated with air instead of 100% oxygen. There are still a number of unanswered questions related to oxygen therapy ...

Background:Objective biomarkers are needed to assess neuroprotective therapies following perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). We tested the hypothesis that in children treated with therapeutic hypothermia following perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) neurodevelopmental performance is predicted by fractional anisotropy (FA) values in the white matter on early diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) assessed by ...

Identifying the differences between infants with non-accidental head injuries (NAHI) and accidental head injuries (AHI) may help alert clinicians to recognize markers of abuse. A retrospective review of infants <1 year of age admitted to a tertiary referral centre in Malaysia over a two year period with a diagnosis of ...

New knowledge of the pathophysiology and evolution of hypoxic-ischemic brain injuries has made feasible interventions to improve clinical outcomes for newborns surviving birth asphyxia. Brain injury following hypoxic-ischemic insult is a complex process evolving over hours to days, which provides a unique window of opportunity for neuroprotective treatment interventions. The ...

Abstract Introduction: Oxidative stress (OS) is strongly involved in the pathogenesis of many preterm newborn diseases; this is due to the low efficiency of neonatal antioxidant systems unable to counteract the harmful effects of free radicals (FRs). Hypoxic-ischemic events and inflammation, involved in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) pathogenesis, are responsible of ...

BACKGROUND: The international classification of diseases (ICD) provides guidelines for the collection, classification and dissemination of official cause-of-death statistics. New revisions of the ICD can potentially disrupt time trends of cause-of-death statistics and affect between-country comparisons. The aim of this study was to measure how switching from ICD-9 to ICD-10 ...

Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury in term infants develops with a delay during the recovery phase, opening up a therapeutic window after the insult. Hypothermia is currently an established neuroprotective treatment in newborns with neonatal encephalopathy saving one infant in nine from developing neurological deficits. Caspase-2 is an initiator caspase, a key ...

Premature birth increases a child's risk of cerebral palsy and death. The aim of this work is to investigate the association between treatment with magnesium sulphate during premature deliveries and infants' cerebral palsy and mortality through a meta-analysis of observational studies. A comprehensive search of the Cochrane Library, EMBASE and ...

Penetrating injuries of the anterior fontanelle are exceedingly uncommon and are most often associated with inflictedinjury.(4,6) This report of a 7-month-old male infant, whose father was working with a knife which accidentally slipped from his hand and penetrated the infants anterior fontanelle and frontal lobe, demonstrates that accidental injuries may ...

Clinical findings show that male infants with hypoxic-ischemic injury (HI) fare more poorly than matched females on cognitive outcomes. Rodent models of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia support this difference, with data showing that perinatal brain injury leads to long-term behavioral deficits primarily in male rodents and in female rodents treated with early ...

Clin Microbiol Infect ABSTRACT: Streptococcus pneumoniae pilus islet-1 (PI-1)-encoded pilus enhances in vitro adhesion to the respiratory epithelium and may contribute to pneumococcal nasopharyngeal colonization and transmission. The pilus subunits are regarded as potential protein vaccine candidates. In this study, we sought to determine PI-1 prevalence in carried pneumococcal isolates and ...

Brevundimonas vesicularis has rarely been isolated from clinical specimens. We report here a case of B. vesicularis bacteremia in a female infant who presented with fever, vomiting and altered sensorium. USG abdomen showed mild hepatomegaly, moderate ascitis with bilateral mild basal pleural effusion. Blood culture was processed by BACTEC BD. ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: There is evidence that Candida colonization contributes to increasing invasion of candidiasis in hospitalized neonates. Few studies investigated the epidemiology and risk factors of Candida colonization among hospitalized and non-hospitalized infants. This prospective study investigated the major epidemiological characteristics of Candida species colonizing oral and rectal sites of ...

BACKGROUND: Peripheral nerve palsies of the upper extremities presenting at birth can be distressing for families and care providers. It is therefore important to be able to identify patients whose diagnosis is compatible with full recovery so that their families can be reassured. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of ...

Reports of birth defects rates may focus on defects observed in the newborn period or include defects diagnosed at older ages. However, little information is available on the rates of additional anomalies detected after birth or on the ages at which such anomalies are diagnosed. The aims of this work ...

Objectives: This study evaluated changes in breast size during pregnancy depending on infant sex. Due to larger nutritional needs during lactation, male infants may stimulate greater changes in maternal breast size than female infants. Methods: Data were collected by an online questionnaire survey of 120 women from Poland, who had ...

The number of individual items that can be maintained in working memory is limited. One solution to this problem is to store representations of ensembles that contain summary information about large numbers of items (e.g., the approximate number or cumulative area of a group of many items). Here we explored ...

  Potential simulators of premortem trauma present problems of misinterpretation and possible false accusations of caregivers. A case of unsuspected neonatal herpes is reported with associated perianal ecchymosis that raises the possibility of sexual abuse. The decedent was an 8-day-old newborn infant who was born by Cesarean section and treated ...

We assessed developmental stability and context generalizability of temperament in pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) from the University of Washington Infant Primate Research Lab. A principal components analysis condensed 6 behavioral measures into 2 components, interpreted as reactivity and boldness. Changes in these measures over the 1st 10 months of development ...

The emergence of prehensile skills in infancy is one of the central issues in motor development. The objective of this longitudinal study was to quantitatively describe the changes in the object-oriented arm movements that precede the transition to goal-directed reaching movements in infancy. Arm kinematics in 10 full-term infants were ...

OBJECTIVES: To assess global and regional changes in lung volume and ventilation during lung recruitment in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. STUDY DESIGN: Using electrical impedance tomography, changes in lung volume and ventilation were measured in 15 high-frequency oscillatory ventilated preterm infants during oxygenation-guided recruitment maneuvers. The inflation and ...

INTRODUCTION: Perinatal changes in maternal glucose and lipid fluxes and de novo lipogenesis (DNL) are driven by hormones and nutrients. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) reduces, whereas insulin augments, nuclear abundance of sterol-regulatory-element-binding-protein-1 (SREBP-1), which promotes DNL, stearoyl-CoA-desaturase (SCD, also Δ9/desaturase), fatty acid-(FA)-elongation (Elovl) and FA-desaturation (FADS). Decreasing maternal insulin sensitivity with ...

The interplay of factors that affect post-partum loss or retention of weight gained during pregnancy is not fully understood. The objective of this paper is to describe patterns of weight change in the six sites of the World Health Organization (WHO) Multicentre Growth Reference Study (MGRS) and explore variables that ...

To compare the effects of open tracheal suctioning (OS) plus intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) vs. closed tracheal suctioning (CS) plus volume guarantee ventilation (VG) on changes in mean cerebral blood-flow velocity (CBFv) of ventilated very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. A total of 75 normotensive, ventilated VLBW infants (with normal ...

The objective of this study was to analyze the mechanisms by which exposure to ambient air pollutants influences respiratory health may include altered prenatal immune development. To analyze associations between elevated cord serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and maternal air pollution exposure during each month of gestation. Total cord serum ...

Multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (MNIRS) was used for the functional imaging of the sensorimotor cortex of newborn infants during passive knee and elbow movement under sedated sleep. Contralateral knee and elbow movement caused a marked increase in the concentration of oxyhemoglobin ([oxyHb]) from the baseline values at site within the sensorimotor ...

Cranial deformation is the most common cause of abnormal head shape. Intentional and unintentional alterations of cranial form are associated with the application of external pressure to the growing infant head, and such changes have been recorded throughout man's history. Recent changes in Western sleeping practices, instituted to reduce the ...

Cranial deformation is the most common cause of abnormal head shape. Intentional and unintentional alterations of cranial form are associated with the application of external pressure to the growing infant head, and such changes have been recorded throughout man's history. Recent changes in Western sleeping practices, instituted to reduce the ...

To examine the development of visual short-term memory (VSTM) for location, we presented 6- to 12-month-old infants (N=199) with two side-by-side stimulus streams. In each stream, arrays of colored circles continually appeared, disappeared, and reappeared. In the changing stream, the location of one or more items changed in each cycle; ...

In the fetal, infant, and adult rat, injury induces a well-defined behavioral response and induces c-fos expression in the spinal cord dorsal horn. There is more limited information about the processing of noxious stimulation in the infant brain. We describe here the appearance of the Fos protein in the brain ...

Objective. The aim was to describe the course of physiological changes in coeliac artery (CA) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) blood flow velocities (BFVs) during the perinatal period in healthy term fetuses and infants as it has not been studied in detail so far. Methods. This prospective Doppler ultrasound study included 50 ...

The goal was to describe the temporal pattern of neonatal plasma glucose levels and associations with maternal glucose levels, cord serum C-peptide levels, and neonatal size and adiposity. A total of 17,094 mothers and infants were included in the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Study (15 centers in 9 countries). ...

Abstract Objective: Our objective was to determine the obstetrical risk for spontaneous focal intestinal perforation (FIP) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Methods: Eight mothers delivered infants who underwent laparotomy for FIP between 2001 and 2006 in our hospital. A retrospective case-control study of the eight case mothers and ...

The rate and duration of breastfeeding in Ethiopia is very high. Factors that could affect breastfeeding among women emigrating to Israel include the desire to adopt "modern" behaviors, the availability of infant formulas, and the greater awareness of AIDS and fear of transmission via breast milk. To examine the rate ...

The optimal time to clamp the umbilical cord in preterm and full-term neonates after birth continues to be a matter of debate. A review of randomised controlled trials comparing the effects of early versus late cord clamping on maternal and infant outcomes was performed to assess data in favor of ...

The International Union of Immunological Societies defined transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy as decreased IgG and IgA levels. Some others, however, include decreased IgA level alone. We compared infants with decreased levels of IgG and IgA, all isotypes, and IgA alone. To determine whether infants presenting with diminished IgA only differ ...

Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is one of the most important causes of adverse outcome of preterm infants. We hypothesized that inflammatory or some other specific pathways will have been activated at birth in preterm infants who later develop PVL. The aim of this study is to examine the difference in mRNA ...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of chronic lung disease (CLD), neonatal Ureaplasma colonization, and interleukin-8 (IL-8) level of cord blood in preterm infants. In 77 infants of <32 weeks gestation, the relationship between IL-8 level of cord blood, neonatal colonization of Ureaplasma, histological chorioamnionitis ...

Little is known about the glucose concentrations at and after birth of infants delivered by caesarean section (CS), when compared with infants born vaginally (VD). To compare venous cord blood glucose concentrations of term infants born after elective CS to infants born by VD. We studied the null hypothesis that ...

Maternal circulating visfatin concentrations are higher in patients with a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonate than in those who delivered an appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) neonate or in those with pre-eclampsia. It has been proposed that enhanced transfer of visfatin from the foetal to maternal circulation may account for the high concentrations of ...

Birth anoxia remains an important cause of mortality and morbidity in neonates. Hypoxia/ischemia can lead to permanent brain damage and also affects other tissues of the body. It results from lack of oxygen before, during or after birth. The study was designed to assess the risk factors of birth asphyxia, ...

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are a group of chemicals widely used for many applications. In this study PFCs were investigated in maternal blood during pregnancy (at two time points) (n = 40 and 38) and 6 months after delivery (n = 47), in cord blood (n = 33) and in blood ...

Two experiments examined the hypothesis that developing visual attentional mechanisms influence infants' Visual Short-Term Memory (VSTM) in the context of multiple items. Five- and 10-month-old infants (N = 76) received a change detection task in which arrays of three differently colored squares appeared and disappeared. On each trial one square ...

This study was conducted to evaluate the hematological effects of umbilical cord clamp timing and delivery type in term infants 48 hours after birth in Imam Hossein Hospital, Tehran, Iran. From Oct 2007 - March 2008, 100 mother-infant eligible pairs were selected and divided by cord clamp timing (< or ...

To evaluate the role of resistin in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance during pregnancy and on the birth weight of infants born from women with gestational diabetes (GDM). Thirty women diagnosed with GDM were compared to 30 normal pregnant controls. Maternal serum resistin and insulin levels were measured at the ...

A systemic fetal inflammatory response, reflected by histological funisitis is associated with pulmonary morbidity and increased mortality after premature birth. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a membrane-bound multiligand receptor with a key role in inflammation. Soluble RAGE (sRAGE) is created by alternative mRNA splicing or shedding ...