Young infants' learning of words for abstract concepts like 'all gone' and 'eat,' in contrast to their learning of more concrete words like 'apple' and 'shoe,' may follow a relatively protracted developmental course. We examined whether infants know such abstract words. Parents named one of two events shown in side-by-side ...

The short and long-term benefits that breastfeeding has for both infant and mother are well recognised. With births increasingly occurring as a result of assisted conception (AC) technologies, the impact that these treatments have on a woman's experience of breastfeeding is an important issue to explore. This paper reports findings ...

As humans, we are attuned to the moods and emotions of others. This understanding of emotions enables us to interpret other people's actions on the basis of their emotional displays. However, the development of this capacity is not well understood. Here we show a developmental pattern in 10- and 14-month-old ...

OBJECTIVE: to provide a principle-based analysis of the concept of maternal-infant bonding. DESIGN: principle-based method of concept analysis for which the data set included 44 articles published in the last decade from Pubmed, CINAHL, and PyschINFO/PsychARTICLES. SETTING: literature inclusion criteria were English language, articles published in the last decade, peer-reviewed ...

This paper provides an overview of basic Marte Meo video interaction guidance concepts and describes the therapeutic performance of the method applied in the context of early mother-infant interaction and postnatal depression. Weight is put upon the importance of the therapeutic relationship. Further Marte Meo therapy is understood in the ...

Summary Birth seasonality responds to a variety of environmental and socio-cultural factors. The present study was carried out to quantify the trends in seasonal variation in birth rate in seven districts in the Kayes region of Mali between 2007 and 2010 and to attempt to link climatic- and agricultural-cycle-dependent factors ...

This article discusses the historical background, epidemiology, and pathophysiology of meconium-stained amniotic fluid and provides current concepts in delivery room management of meconium-stained neonate including the current Neonatal Resuscitation Program guidelines.

OBJECTIVE: To compare neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely preterm infants conceived after assisted conception (AC) compared with infants conceived spontaneously (non-AC). DESIGN: Population-based retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Geographically defined area in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory, Australia served by a network of 10 neonatal intensive care units. PATIENTS: ...

OBJECTIVE: The season of conception affects human reproduction, intrauterine growth, neonatal parameters, sex ratio, cognitive development and, in adult life, performance in many fields. Associations between polymorphic enzymes and season of conception have been also reported. In this study we searched for a possible association between season of conception and ...

The concept of "normal birth" has been promoted as ideal by several international organizations, although debate about its meaning is ongoing. In this article, I examine the concept of normalcy to explore its ethical implications and raise a trio of concerns. First, in its emphasis on nonuse of technology as ...

Advances in neonatal intensive care have markedly improved survival rates for infants born at a very early lung development stage (<26 weeks gestation). In these premature infants, even low inspired oxygen concentrations and gentle ventilatory methods may disrupt distal lung growth, a condition described as "new" bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). BPD ...

Objective: There is growing evidence on the usefulness of biomarkers in the early detection of preterm infants at risk for brain damage. However, among different tools Activin A, S100B protein and adrenomedullin assessment offer the possibility to investigate brain/multiorgan function and development. This could be especially useful in perinatal medicine ...

Cholestasis predisposes to fat-soluble vitamin (FSV) deficiencies. A liquid multiple FSV preparation made with tocopheryl polyethylene glycol-1000 succinate (TPGS) is frequently used in infants with biliary atresia (BA) because of ease of administration and presumed efficacy. In this prospective multicenter study, we assessed the prevalence of FSV deficiency in infants ...

PURPOSE: Sufficient vitamin D status may be defined as the evolutionary established circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] matching our Paleolithic genome. METHODS: We studied serum 25(OH)D [defined as 25(OH)D(2) + 25(OH)D(3)] and its determinants in 5 East African ethnical groups across the life cycle: Maasai (MA) and Hadzabe (HA) with traditional life styles ...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Compromised vitamin D status is common in pregnancy and may have adverse impacts on fetal development. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of infant whole-body bone mineral content (WBBMC) at 8-21 days of age with feto-maternal vitamin D status in a multiethnic population in Oakland, California.SUBJECTS/METHODS:This ...

25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) may influence bone turnover. We compared the dynamics of bone markers in 30 infants on vitamin D supplementation (≅550IU/d) with different degrees of hypovitaminosis D (25OHD <11ng/ml - deficiency vs. ≥11<20ng/ml - insufficiency). Baseline and follow-up (after 10weeks), 25OHD, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)(2)D), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), PTH, osteocalcin ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Vitamin B(6) plays a pivotal role in brain development and functioning. Differences in vitamin B(6) homeostasis between preterm and term newborn infants have been reported. The authors sought to investigate whether B(6) vitamers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of preterm and term newborn infants are different.METHODS:B(6) vitamer concentrations were ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: In infants, vitamin B12 deficiency may be due to an inborn error of absorption and metabolism, or nutritional problems. Case description: An exclusively breastfed 5-month-old Italian male infant, who was born after a normal full-term pregnancy to a vegan mother who was apparently daily treated with a multivitamin ...

α-Klotho (α-KL), a protein with antiaging properties, regulates phosphate, calcium, and bone metabolism, induces resistance to oxidative stress, and may participate in insulin signaling. The role of α-KL in neonates, known to be prone to metabolic disturbances and oxidative stress, is not known. The aim of this study was to ...

Although exclusively breastfed infants are at increased risk of vitamin D (vit D) deficiency if vit D supplementation is lacking and sun exposure is limited, assessment of both risk factors in the first year of life is lacking. We evaluated the contribution of vit D intake and sunlight exposure to ...

In a prospective prenatal cohort study, we examined associations of second trimester and cord plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) with small-for-gestational age (SGA) and the extent to which vitamin D might explain black/white differences in SGA. We studied 1067 white and 236 black mother-infant pairs recruited from eight obstetrical offices early ...

OBJECTIVE:To determine the incidence of moderate-to-severe transient neonatal hypocalcemia in term neonates and to describe the characteristics of affected infants and the outcomes of their management.METHODS:We reviewed medical records of all term infants <31 days of age who presented to Children's Medical Center Dallas from 2001 to 2009 with hypocalcemia ...

Neonatal jaundice lasting greater than 2 weeks should be investigated. Pale stools and dark or yellow urine are evidence of liver disease, which should be urgently investigated. The neonatal hepatitis syndrome has many causes, and a structured approach to investigation is mandatory. It should be possible to confirm or exclude ...

Extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA) is a rare disease characterized by progressive and obliterative cholangiopathy in infants and is one of the major causes of secondary vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) due to cholestasis-induced fat malabsorption. Breast feeding increases the tendency of bleeding in EHBA patients because breast milk contains low ...

The aim of this systematic review was to collect all available randomized controlled trials on the effect of folate supplementation on folate status and health outcomes within the paediatric age group. The method included a structured search strategy on MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases, with formal inclusion/exclusion criteria and data ...

Vitamin D is critical in bone and mineral homeostasis, particularly in the prevention of rickets in children. Levels of vitamin D in cord blood were measured in a population from New Orleans as an index of maternal vitamin D status at the time of delivery. Cord blood samples from infants ...

The pathophysiology of urolithiasis in infancy is not well known. The aim of this study was to investigate whether infants with urolithiasis have higher serum levels of vitamin D, as a possible risk factor for urolithiasis, compared to infants without urinary calculi. In this case-control study, 36 infants with urolithiasis ...

Background: Concerns over vitamin D deficiency in infants and children recently prompted the American Academy of Pediatrics to recommend increased supplementation. Few studies have examined vitamin D status in the same infants over time. Also, while many researchers label "breastfeeding" as a risk factor for vitamin D deficiency, few differentiate ...

Objective: To evaluate vitamin D status of preterm and term low birthweight (LBW) and term normal birth weight (NBW; weight ≥ 2500 g) infants at birth and in early infancy.Methods: We enrolled 220 LBW and 119 NBW infants along with their mothers. Blood samples of both infants and mothers were taken within 48 h ...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with impaired resistance to infection, which may be mediated by alterations in cytokine responses. We investigated the effect of vitamin D supplementation to infants on whole blood in-vitro cytokine production and on the inflammatory marker, plasma C-reactive protein (CRP).SUBJECTS/METHODS:Blood samples were taken at 6 ...

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains one of the most serious challenges in the care of the very preterm infants, affecting approximately one-quarter of infants born <1500g birth weight and 30% <1000g. Oxygen toxicity may contribute to its pathogenesis. Vitamin A concentrations are lower in BPD infants which may result in a ...

Vitamin D has a role in regulating immune function, and its deficiency is a suggested risk factor for childhood pneumonia. Our aim was to assess whether oral supplementation of vitamin D(3) (cholecalciferol) will reduce the incidence and severity of pneumonia in a high-risk infant population. We did a randomised placebo-controlled ...

Postpartum vitamin A supplementation is a strategy used to combat vitamin A deficiency and seems to reduce maternal/infant morbidity and mortality. However, studies have shown that a dose of 200 000 IU (World Health Organization [WHO] protocol) does not seem to provide adequate retinol levels in maternal breast milk, infant serum, ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the presence of an association between vitamin D deficiency and anaemia in Jordanian infants and toddlers, in whom both vitamin D deficiency and anaemia have previously been proved to be common separately. DESIGN: Cross-sectional prospective study. SETTING: Department of Paediatrics, Princess Rahma Teaching Hospital, Jordan. SUBJECTS: Healthy ...

During the "Standards Development and International Harmonization: AOAC INTERNATIONAL Mid-Year Meeting" held on June 29, 2011, an Expert Review Panel (ERP) reviewed the method "Determination of Vitamin B12 in Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals by HPLC." Under the new pathway to Official Methods, the ERP adopted the method as Official ...

Vitamin A, a fat-soluble vitamin, is essential for health and plays an important part in vision, bone growth, reproduction, regulating the immune system, cell function, and skin health. Due to the advances in technology and the expansion of its uses, LC technologies are being studied for effectiveness in detecting and ...

At the "Standards Development and International Harmonization: AOAC INTERNATIONAL Mid-Year Meeting" on June 29, 2011, an Expert Review Panel (ERP) agreed to further examine AOAC Official Method 2011.01, "Determination of Vitamin B12 by Surface Plasmon Resonance," for use with infant formula and adult nutritionals. The original collaborative study was conducted ...

During the "Standards Development and International Harmonization: AOAC INTERNATIONAL Mid-Year Meeting," held on June 29, 2011, an Expert Review Panel (ERP) reviewed the method for the "Determination of Vitamins A (Retinol) and E (alpha-Tocopherol) in Foods by Liquid Chromatography: Collaborative Study," published by Jonathan W. DeVries and Karlene R. Silvera ...

Vitamin D is important for calcium homeostasis, muscle, and bone health. It has also immunomodulatory capacities in vivo and in vitro. Regulatory T cells (Treg) have been found to suppress a number of T cell-mediated immune disorders, including allergic responses and autoimmune diseases. This study aimed to investigate the correlation ...

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains one of the most serious challenges in the care of the very preterm infants, affecting approximately one-quarter of infants born <1500g birth weight and 30% <1000g. Oxygen toxicity may contribute to its pathogenesis. Vitamin A concentrations are lower in BPD infants which may result in a ...

Increased circulating proinflammatory cytokines may contribute to the pathogenesis of congestive heart failure (CHF). In vitro studies have suggested that vitamin D suppresses proinflammatory cytokines and increases anti-inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on renin-angiotensin system cytokines as well as ...

How to cite this article Milton J. & King C. (2012) Cup introduction, drink type and vitamin supplementation in preterm babies at 11-25 months. J Hum Nutr Diet. ABSTRACT: Background:  To avoid adverse effects of prolonged bottle use, the recommendations are that full-term babies are introduced to cups from 6 months ...

The mother is the major source of circulating 25-OHD concentrations in the young infant. Thus maternal vitamin D status is an important factor in determining the vitamin D status of the infant and his/her risk of developing vitamin D deficiency and infantile nutritional rickets. There is evidence that the supplementation ...

Abstract Background: As the vitamin K content of human milk is low and the newborn infant's stores of vitamin K are small, vitamin K deficiency with hemorrhage in the newborn is a worldwide problem. Proteins Induced by Vitamin K Absence (PIVKA-II) are the inactive under-?-carboxylated forms of vitamin K-dependent clotting ...

OBJECTIVE: Preterm infants show reduced retinal sensitivity at term corrected age compared with newborn term infants. We tested the hypothesis that retinal sensitivity in preterm infants is improved by early, high-dose vitamin A. STUDY DESIGN: We report a double-blind, randomized controlled trial of infants <32 weeks' gestation and/or <1501 g ...

We report on a case of a prenatally diagnosed non-immune hydrops fetalis and cystic hygroma associated with the balanced translocation t(5;9)(q11.2;p22), an association that to our knowledge has not been reported previously. Both parents had normal karyotypes. The infant was born prematurely at 33 and 3/7 weeks gestation and expired ...

Herein we describe three infants with the rare presentation of pneumonia with septic shock as their initial medical encounter leading to the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF). At the time of their presentation all three children had significant nutritional deficiency. We initiated an aggressive treatment regimen including nutritional supplementation which ...

Theoretical rationality and practical rationality are, respectively, properties of an individual's belief system and decision system. While reasoning about instrumental actions complies with practical rationality, understanding communicative actions complies with the principle of relevance. Section 2 reviews the evidence showing that young infants can reason about an agent's instrumental action ...

Infant sibling studies have been at the vanguard of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) research over the past decade, providing important new knowledge about the earliest emerging signs of ASD and expanding our understanding of the developmental course of this complex disorder. Studies focused on siblings of children with ASD also ...

Assisted conception is becoming an increasingly more common treatment option for women and couples who experience fertility problems. Links have been made in the literature between assisted conception and a greater incidence of pregnancy or birth complications, low birth weight or premature babies, and babies with congenital abnormalities. In addition, ...