The growth pattern of two hundred and fifty infants attending the University of Port Harcourt, Primary Health Care Centre, Aluu was studied. Infant's aged 0 - 4 months had a growth curve similar to that of National Centre for Health Statistics 50th centile standard. After this age, the growth pattern ...

The systematic patterns in human adult physical stature are explored in connection with Wolf's relative sunspot numbers. This topic should be of interest to economists, physicians as well as physicists. There is a need for more than a check of any similarity of curves in variables approximating the economy and ...

Close collaboration between obstetricians and neonatologists is essential for proper care of the growth-restricted fetus. A joint decision on the appropriate timing of delivery is made, based on the risk of fetal compromise compared with that of neonatal morbidity. A neonatal resuscitative team should be available at delivery. Gestational assessment, ...

Fetal growth restriction is one of the most challenging obstetric problems. Due to confusing terminology, there is an obvious lack of uniform diagnostic criteria. At present, most authors do not distinguish between the terms 'small for gestational age' (SGA) and 'intra-uterine growth restriction' (IUGR). These two clinical entities are not ...

This study examined the relationship between measured and derived anthropometric measurements with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measured lean and fat mass at 3.0 +/- 2.8 (SD) days in 120 neonates with birth weights appropriate (AGA; n=74), large (LGA; n=30); or small (SGA, n=16) for gestational age. Anthropometric measurements, including total body ...

OBJECTIVES: Isolated paraventricular cysts detected on routine cranial ultrasonography in premature and full term neonates are often incidental findings. The aetiology and clinical significance of these lesions is uncertain. A case control study was designed to attempt to clarify the clinical significance of isolated paraventricular cysts in terms of growth ...

OBJECTIVE: The present growth chart used in the Sultanate of Oman does not contain centile measurements for infants born at 26-weeks of gestation. With the increased survival of these premature infants, there is a growing need to develop such a chart. The present study was conducted with the aim to ...

BACKGROUND: Unexplained antepartum stillbirth is a common cause of perinatal death, and identifying the fetus at risk is a challenge for obstetric practice. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with a variety of adverse perinatal outcomes, but reports on its impact on unexplained stillbirths by population-based birthweight standards have been ...

BACKGROUND: Military hospitals currently use gestational age-specific growth curves based on data collected in Denver, Colo, from 1948 to 1961. A number of population and environmental factors and medical practice changes may make these curves nonrepresentative. OBJECTIVE: Determine if presently used growth curves represent norms for infants born in military ...

This study evaluated the role of anterior lens capsule vascularity in assessing gestation in small for gestational age (SGA) neonates in a prospective manner. Neonates with birth weight less than 2000 g were recruited. Those with gross congenital malformations, including corneal opacity or cataract and evidence of TORCH infection were ...

OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between intrauterine growth restriction and neurodevelopmental outcome among full-term small-for-gestational-age (SGAT) infants at 8 months and 4 years of age. STUDY DESIGN: Growth parameters at birth and test scores on measures of neurodevelopmental function for 3922 children born SGAT were compared with those of 29,369 ...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Recent reviews of gastroschisis identify prematurity and low birth weight as predictors of morbidity and mortality. The authors compared the outcomes of intrauterine growth-restricted infants (IUGR) with gastroschisis to those without growth restriction because IUGR is different from prematurity. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for infants born with ...

Variation at the insulin gene (INS-)VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats) minisatellite polymorphism has been reported to be associated with both early growth and adult metabolic phenotypes. However, the samples studied have been small and the relationship between INS-VNTR variation and parameters of early growth inconsistent, with four previous studies ...

OBJECTIVE: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is an important reason for premature delivery and has been reported to be associated with increased mortality, but in some studies paradoxically, improved morbidities. Data on neonatal outcomes for infants with IUGR at each viable gestational age at birth from large numbers of deliveries are ...

The future revised WHO growth references for infancy and early childhood will have an international basis rather than just an American one, as is the case with the current NCHS/WHO ones. The anthropometric data for analysis will be collected from babies breastfed in accordance with WHO guidelines. An important stipulation, ...

Recent findings suggest that hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease are more common in adults who born with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Several studies have shown that polymorphisms in angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and apolipoprotein-E (Apo-E) are effective in developing the insulin resistance and also in increasing the risk of ...

Colony counts, counts of immunostained cells, fluorescent assays for cell viability and titration of a superinfecting bacteriophage were incorporated into a protocol for studying the growth kinetics of produce-associated bacteria in vivo. A set of equations was assembled for measuring the true rates of birth, death and emigration of the ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognostic values of fetal size before birth and fetal growth during the latency period in patients with preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PROM). METHODS: A prospective cohort study of 69 singleton pregnancies complicated by prolonged (14 days or more) PROM (24 to 31 weeks of ...

OBJECTIVE: Being born small for gestational age (SGA) is associated with insulin resistance, hypertension and increased cardiovascular morbidity/mortality in adulthood. Sympathetic nerve hyperactivity is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease mortality and is proposed to link insulin resistance with hypertension. The objective of this study was to test the ...

Transplacental transfer is the fetus' primary source of taurine, an essential amino acid during fetal life. In intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), placental transport capacity of taurine is reduced and fetal taurine levels are decreased. We characterized the protein expression of the taurine transporter (TAUT) in human placenta using immunocytochemistry and ...

AIM: To investigate the adverse effects of ciprofloxacin administered to neonates with sepsis on the hematologic indices, the hepatic and renal function and the joints and growth at 1 year follow-up. METHODS: In this observational prospective study, 2 groups of septic neonates were studied, 116 neonates who received ciprofloxacin and ...

To study brain function in the neonatal period, disproportionately growth-retarded (n = 33) and appropriately grown (n = 21) infants were examined using Doppler flow velocities prenatally and visual evoked potentials postnatally. Visual evoked potentials recordings were made at gestation of 40 and 46 weeks. The group of growth-retarded infants ...

Several widespread changes in the ecology of old-growth tropical forests have recently been documented for the late twentieth century, in particular an increase in stem turnover (pan-tropical), and an increase in above-ground biomass (neotropical). Whether these changes are synchronous and whether changes in growth are also occurring is not known. ...

OBJECTIVE: Genetic thrombophilia may represent a new risk factor for obstetrical complications. The aim of the study was to determine which subgroups may be associated with genetic thrombophilia for small for gestational age infants (SGA). METHODS: A case-control study was performed in three different maternity wards in Normandy. Cases (n=203) ...

This review qualitatively and quantitatively compares the gross shape and size of lenses from different species as a function of their fibre cell organization. Grossly, all vertebrate lenses are asymmetrical, oblate spheroids with size and spheroidicity that varies considerably between species. Correlative LM and SEM analysis of the basic structural ...

Although the use of pesticides in inner-city homes of the United States is of considerable magnitude, little is known about the potentially adverse health effects of such exposure. Recent animal data suggest that exposure to pesticides during pregnancy and early life may impair growth and neurodevelopment in the offspring. To ...

OBJECTIVES: To describe the fetal growth pattern of a population from rural Guatemala and determine when during gestation growth faltering becomes evident. METHODS: Ultrasound examinations were conducted for 319 women. Femur length (FL), biparietal diameter (BPD), abdominal (AC) and head circumference (HC) were compared with reference values. RESULTS: FL and ...

The growth pattern of two hundred and fifty infants attending the University of Port Harcourt, Primary Health Care Centre, Aluu was studied. Infant's aged 0 – 4 months had a growth curve similar to that of National Centre for Health Statistics 50th centile standard. After this age, the growth pattern ...

Prolonged maternal magnesium sulphate infusion therapy for tocolysis of premature labour may result in secondary fetal hypermagnesaemia, which has been associated with bony abnormalities in the newborn. We report on four infants, members of two twin pregnancies, who were exposed to prolonged fetal hypermagnesaemia. Three of the infants, all appropriate ...

The present investigation was undertaken to study the association between placental apoptosis and pre-eclampsia, discriminating between pre-eclamptic pregnancies with appropriate-, and small-for-gestational-age (SGA), infants. Twenty pregnancies with pre-eclampsia and SGA (birth weight at or below -2 standard deviations) infants were selected in a retrospective study. Subsequently, corresponding numbers of gestational ...

OBJECTIVE: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) resulting in low birth weight for gestational age may predispose one to development of cardiovascular disease later in life. Abnormal fetal blood flow in the presence of fetal growth restriction helps to distinguish infants with true fetal growth impairment from small but normal infants. Our ...

A recent article (W. H. Stewart & P. L. Roth, 2001) in the Journal of Applied Psychology presented the conclusion from meta-analysis that entrepreneurs have a higher risk propensity than managers and that this propensity is particularly pronounced among the growth-oriented. A previously unresolved question was said to be laid ...

The present study characterizes the relations among maternal condition, litter size, birth condition, and growth in body weight for a population of common marmosets. The subjects of the study were marmosets born into a single colony between 1994 and 2001. Three sets of analyses were conducted to answer the following ...

OBJECTIVES: To identify the prevalence of "benign" extra-axial fluid (BEAF), the risk factors associated with this condition, and the natural history in "graduates" of neonatal intensive care. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Neonatal follow-up clinic at a tertiary care center. PATIENTS: Seventy-seven infants with a head circumference greater than the 95th ...

Assessing the impact of restricted intrauterine growth on neonatal frontal lobe (FL) dimensions is important. We aimed to create a sonographic nomogram of FL dimensions in neonates at different gestational ages (GA) and evaluate the impact of small head circumference (HC) on FL dimensions. We conducted sonographic biometry of the ...

Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) is evident in infants born with a reduced weight or length, and/or increased thinness for gestational age. IUGR is associated with altered postnatal growth and regulation, due to unknown mechanisms. Much clinical IUGR results from the reduced delivery of essential substrates (oxygen and nutrients) to the ...

Intrauterine growth retardation plays a significant role in neurodevelopmental outcome. The assessment of general movements during the first 20 weeks is a new method for early detection of brain dysfunction. General movements in 31 infants with asymmetric intrauterine growth retardation and their appropriate for gestational age-matched controls were examined. General ...

The aim of the study was to examine the ponderal index in small for gestational age (SGA) triplets. Prospectively collected data from a cohort of triplets born at 28 to 37 weeks were analyzed. A low neonatal ponderal index (birth weight/[length]3) was defined as less than 1 SD below the ...

AIM: To clarify further the influence of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) on early neural development. METHODS: In 30 small-for-gestational age (SGA) preterm infants at term, brainstem auditory-evoked responses (BAERs) were recorded with clicks of different repetition rates. All infants had a birthweight < 3rd centile, without any other major perinatal ...

Inborn metabolic diseases, such as disorders in pyruvate metabolism, in gluconeogenesis or in the respiratory chain, may present with lactic acidosis in newborn infants. A simple tool to screen for the efficacy of mitochondrial oxidation reduction activity is the detection of the redox status through simultaneous measurements of plasma lactate, ...

To evaluate the independent contribution of absent or reversed end-diastolic umbilical artery Doppler flow (AREDF) in the prediction of subsequent adverse neonatal outcomes, we performed Doppler examinations on 270 preeclamptic women with a singleton pregnancy. The end-point variables were low Apgar scores and adverse neonatal outcomes (respiratory distress syndrome, intracranial ...

Regional differences in adipose tissue distribution are associated with differences in adipocyte metabolism and obesity-related morbidities. Intrauterine growth restriction appears to place individuals at greater risk of obesity associated morbidities in later life. Despite this, little is known regarding the quantity and distribution of adipose tissue in infants during early ...

The Babson and Benda 1976 "fetal-infant growth graph" for preterm infants is commonly used in neonatal intensive care. Its limits include the small sample size which provides low confidence in the extremes of the data, the 26 weeks start and the 500 gram graph increments. The purpose of this study ...

We present a case of recurrent primary developmental microcephaly of late onset, the prenatal diagnosis of which could not be achieved despite performing targeted serial ultrasound scans that revealed no obvious fetal abnormality. Serial scans for head measurements and detailed examination of the brain anatomy by both transabdominal and transvaginal ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a multisensory intervention on the physical growth and health of Korean orphaned infants. Fifty-eight full-term infants were randomly assigned to a control (n = 28) or an experimental (n = 30) group within 14 days postbirth. In addition to ...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to study the effect of catch-up growth on the offspring's length at birth among females born short for gestational age. METHODS: Data of 1,363 females born short for gestational age (<-2 standard deviation scores) were obtained from the Swedish Birth Register. The ...

Low maternal prepregnancy BMI is associated with adverse birth outcomes, but the BMI at which risk increases is not well defined. We assessed whether the relationship between prepregnancy BMI and birth outcomes is influenced by the extent to which mothers were underweight in a prospective study in Anhui, China. The ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of birth size, growth and feeding in infancy on serum lipids in 12-month-old infants. DESIGN: A longitudinal observation study on infants' consumption and growth. Food and growth records were made every month. At 6, 9 and 12 months, food records were weighed to calculate intake. ...

AIM: To study the effect of size at birth on different dimensions of intellectual capacity. METHODS: The study comprised a population-based cohort including all male single births without congenital malformations in Sweden from 1973 to 1976, and conscripted before 1994 (n = 168 068). Information from the Swedish Birth Register ...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of small for gestational age (SGA) in preterm infants on growth and development until the age of 22 months. STUDY DESIGN: Seventy-four preterm infants being born SGA (birth weight <10th percentile) were compared with 74 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants matched prospectively according to ...