Objective.  Intravenous ibuprofen is an expensive drug that is being used currently for treating and preventing patent ductus arteriosus. Although oral ibuprofen is much cheaper, there is limited data published about its safety and efficacy. The aim of this study was to compare two forms of ibuprofen in terms of ...

The purpose of this randomized crossover trial was to determine the effects on autonomic responses in preterm infants of longer Kangaroo Care (30 minutes, KC30) and shorter KC (15 minutes, KC15) before and throughout heel stick compared with incubator care (IC). Beat-to-beat heart rate (HR) and spectral power analysis of ...

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the associations between caregiver verbal reassurance and infant pain-related distress during immunization over the first year of life. The relationships between verbal reassurance and caregiver emotional availability (EA) were also examined. Finally, EA was investigated as a moderator of the relationship between verbal reassurance and infant ...

The analgesic co-proxamol (paracetamol/dextropropoxyphene combination) has been widely involved in fatal poisoning. Concerns about its safety/effectiveness profile and widespread use for suicidal poisoning prompted its withdrawal in the UK in 2005, with partial withdrawal between 2005 and 2007, and full withdrawal in 2008. Our objective in this study was to ...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) of small duration of 15 min in decreasing pain in preterm neonates between 32-36 wk 6 d on heel prick by a 26 gauge needle. METHODS: Randomized controlled double masked crossover trial involving 50 neonates, between 32 wk and 36 wk 6 d gestation and weighing ...

Persistently patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), affecting approximately one-third of all very low birth weight infants, can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Recently, ibuprofen has been recommended over indomethacin to close PDAs because of a reduction in risk of necrotizing enterocolitis. Pulmonary hypertension is a rare but potentially fatal complication ...

This study identifies a behavioral and nonpharmacologic means of preventing and reducing newborn pain. Our objective was to determine whether warmth is analgesic in newborn infants undergoing vaccination-a routine painful hospital procedure. We used a prospective randomized controlled trial of 47 healthy full-term newborn infants. Infants were randomized into 1 ...

Background: Pharmacological closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is commonly achieved by intravenous (IV) administration of ibuprofen or indomethacin. Occasionally, oral ibuprofen is used for PDA treatment although its efficacy and safety are unclear. Objectives: To systematically review randomized and quasi-randomized trials comparing oral ibuprofen with IV ibuprofen or IV ...

Substantial variation exists in response to standard doses of codeine ranging from poor analgesia to life-threatening central nervous system (CNS) depression. We aimed to discover the genetic markers predictive of codeine toxicity by evaluating the associations between polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 (UGT2B7), P-glycoprotein (ABCB1), mu-opioid receptor ...

OBJECTIVE: Preterm infants are exposed to multiple painful procedures in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) during a period of rapid brain development. Our aim was to examine relationships between procedural pain in the NICU and early brain development in very preterm infants. METHODS: Infants born very preterm (N = ...

Abstract Introduction. Sensorial saturation (SS) is a multisensorial stimulation consisting of delicate tactile, gustative, auditory and visual stimuli. This procedure consists of simultaneously: attracting the infant's attention by massaging the infant's face; speaking to the infant gently, but firmly, and instilling a sweet solution on the infant's tongue. Methods. We ...

Background: New findings are emerging about parental perceptions and desires for involvement in infant pain management in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) setting, and the importance of building greater knowledge about this aspect of the patient care is beginning to be appreciated. Objectives: The study had two aims: (a) ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether "early" ibuprofen treatment, at the onset of subtle patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) symptoms, would improve respiratory outcome in premature infants compared with "expectant" management, with ibuprofen treatment only when the PDA becomes hemodynamically significant (HS). STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a randomized double-blind controlled trial of infants ...

OBJECTIVES:Parenteral nutrition (PN) is critical in neonatal and pediatric care for patients unable to tolerate enteral feeding. This study assessed the total costs of compounding PN therapy for neonates, infants and children.METHODS:Face-to-face and telephone interviews were conducted in 12 hospitals across four European countries (Belgium, France, Germany and UK) to ...

Although great efforts have been made to improve neonatal nutrition in very low birthweight (VLBW) infants, many do not receive adequate nutrient intake and thus develop extrauterine growth restriction. In order to minimize the interruption of nutrients that occurs at birth, an "aggressive" nutritional approach has been proposed. Parenteral nutrition, ...

Jewish law covers all aspects of the Orthodox Jew's life, including questions of life and death. Talmudic texts already discussed the status of the newborn infant and this serves as a guide in modern times when faced with complex questions of withdrawing life from such infants when it is deemed ...

Infants born with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) often require extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Infants on ECMO may experience a long period of being nothing by mouth (NPO) while receiving parenteral nutrition. Once the infant with CDH is repaired and off ECMO, human milk should be used to initiate enteral feedings. ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: It has been well established that breastfeeding is beneficial for child health, however there has been debate regarding the effect of lactation on maternal health in the presence of HIV infection and the need for nutritional supplementation in HIV positive lactating mothers. AIMS: To assess the effect of ...

BACKGROUND: The biobehavioural pain reactivity and recovery of preterm infants in the neonatal period may reflect the capacity of the central nervous system to regulate neurobiological development. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to analyse the influence of the neonatal clinical risk for illness severity on biobehavioural pain ...

Malnutrition in preterm low birth weight infants has adverse long-term metabolic, growth, and neurodevelopmental effects. In the past 3 decades, parenteral nutrition, enriched preterm formula, and fortification of human milk have been used to alleviate these adverse effects. Unfortified human breast milk does not provide sufficient nutrients for the growth ...

Background/Objectives:Low birth weight (LBW), defined as the body weight at birth of less than 2500 g, is a major public health problem in Bangladesh, where 37% of the babies are born with LBW. The objective of this study is to see the impact of nutrition education on growth of LBW babies ...

OBJECTIVES: the aim of this study was to explore and contextualise meanings, beliefs and practices surrounding maternal and infant nutrition in North West Pakistan and to use the findings to inform the development of a nutritional improvement programme adapted to local needs. DESIGN: the Context-Mechanism-Outcome framework was used to gather ...

Copper is an essential trace mineral but both deficiency and toxicity need to be avoided. Copper is regulated via excretion by the biliary system and caution was recommended when administered in patients with cholestasis. Recent clinical reports indicate that despite the cholestasis, copper should not be withheld from parenteral nutrition. ...

BACKGROUND: Preterm infants' repeated exposure to painful procedures may contribute to negative consequences. Thus, improving preterm infants' neurodevelopmental outcomes requires prioritising their pain management. OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness of two non-pharmacological pain-relief strategies (non-nutritive sucking and facilitated tucking) with routine care on preterm infants' pain, behavioural, and physiological responses ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: During the last century we have seen wide-reaching changes in diet, nutritional status and life expectancy. The change in diet and physical activity patterns has become known as the nutrition transition. At any given time, a country or region within a country may be at different stages within ...

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that implementation of a marked reduction in intravenous fat will result in reversal of parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD) in infants. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study of intravenous fat emulsion reduction in parenteral nutrition to 1 g/kg/d 2 times per week in neonates diagnosed with PNALD. ...

BACKGROUND: The reported effect sizes of early nutrition programming on long-term health outcomes are often small, and it has been questioned whether early interventions would be worthwhile in enhancing public health. OBJECTIVE: We explored the possible health economic consequences of early nutrition programming by performing a model calculation, based on ...

Background: Extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR; weight ≤10th percentile) affects many infants ≤1500 g birth weight (BW). EUGR is associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of optimizing nutrition administration in infants ≤1500 g. Methods: A retrospective chart review compared infants ≤1500 g ...

Maternal nutritional status is a determinant of child health. This paper studies the association between a mother's body mass index (BMI) and her infant's nutritional status over a one year time frame after the 1998 flood crisis in Bangladesh. The paper uses secondary analysis of data collected from 757 households ...

Iodine is an essential micronutrient especially important in the neurodevelopment of infants. Spot samples of urinary iodine (UI) are used as an epidemiologic index of adult iodine nutrition. Individual infant iodine nutrition is of vital importance but infant urine is difficult to collect, much less a 24-h sample. Monitoring the ...

Preterm birth is the leading cause of perinatal morbility and mortality in developed countries. Many innovation in neonatology have raised survival rates in the two past decades, but despite progress in neonatal intensive care, nutrition and growth of preterm infants are still critical points for neonatologists around the world and ...

OBJECTIVES:: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, flexibility, and ease of handling and use of the Ped3CB-A 300 mL, the first ready-to-use multi-chamber parenteral nutrition system, with optional lipid bag activation, specially designed for administration to preterm infants. METHODS:: In this prospective, open-label, multicenter, non-comparative, Phase III clinical trial, preterm infants were ...

Aim:  To evaluate the influence of gestational age on cumulative nutritional deficit and postnatal growth in extremely preterm infants after optimizing nutritional protocol as recently recommended. Methods:  A prospective non randomized observational study in extremely preterm (EPT,<28 wks) and very preterm (VPT,28-30wks) infants. Results:  84 infants were included (BW: 978 ...

We report two infants with celiac crisis who continued to have persistent secretory diarrhea despite gluten and lactose free diet and supportive parenteral nutrition. The children were given corticosteroid therapy. After a five-day oral prednisone in the dose of 2 mg/kg/daily, both patients rapidly recovered.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to establish the late onset sepsis (LOS) rate of our service, characterize the intestinal microbiota and evaluate a possible association between gut flora and sepsis in surgical infants who were receiving parenteral nutrition (PN). METHODS: Surveillance cultures of the gut were taken at ...

BACKGROUND: The benefits of early enteral feeding in neonates are well known and yet the optimal pre-operative nutrition of prostaglandin-dependent infants with congenital cardiac disease remains ill-defined. This survey delineates international nutritional practices and trends with this population.Materials and methodsPaediatric practitioners responded to an Internet-based survey that explored assessment of ...

Pierre Robin Sequence is a congenital condition involving a combination of micrognathia and glossoptosis with or without a cleft palate. Feeding problems are often associated with cleft anamoly which make it difficult for the infant to maintain adequate nutrition. Here we present a case of 58-day-old neonate with Pierre Robin ...

A 1890-g newborn on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) had phenylalanine levels reaching 4164 μM indicating phenylketonuria (PKU). Review of 64 PKU cases from the California Newborn Screening Program disclosed another newborn diagnosed while on TPN. Phenylalanine levels rose five times faster with TPN, as estimated from rates in these infants. Thus, ...

Breastfeeding is the best source of nutrition for every infant, and exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months is usually optimal in the common clinical situation. However, inappropriate complementary feeding could lead to a nutrient-deficient status, such as iron deficiency anemia, vitamin D deficiency, and growth faltering. The recent epidemic outbreak of ...

Background/Objective:Low birthweight (LBW) and intrauterine growth restriction are linked with maternal nutritional status during pregnancy, and maternal supplementation with multiple micronutrients (MMNs) is reported to increase birthweight. Responses to MMN, however, might be modified by maternal nutrition.Subjects/Methods:To examine the differential effects of maternal nutritional status on birthweight responses to prenatal ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Infants born <29 weeks gestation are at high risk of neurocognitive disability. Early postnatal growth failure, particularly head growth, is an important and potentially reversible risk factor for impaired neurodevelopmental outcome. Inadequate nutrition is a major factor in this postnatal growth failure, optimal protein and calorie (macronutrient) intakes ...

Background:  Following publication of revised recommended nutrient intakes (RNI) for infants <1500 g, our intravenous nutrition (IVN) solutions were reformulated to deliver RNI in a restricted volume to ensure additional non-nutritional fluids did not detract from nutritional intake. An audit was performed to determine whether these changes achieved RNI and influenced ...

The use of nuclear techniques in nutrition adds value by the increased specificity and sensitivity of measures compared with conventional techniques in a wide range of applications. This article provides a brief overview of well-established stable-isotope techniques to evaluate micronutrient bioavailability and assess human-milk intake in breastfed infants to monitor ...

Guatemala has one of the highest rates of child stunting in the world, which especially impacts rural indigenous agricultural communities. Despite decades of intensive nutrition research and interventions, only rarely have nutrition programs successfully lowered the rate of stunting in these settings. The bulk of nutritional interventions in Guatemala are ...

Background/Objectives:Recent guidelines for preterm parenteral nutrition (PN) recommend an earlier and higher intake of amino acids (AA) and energy to avoid postnatal catabolism and approximate normal fetal growth. Few investigations explored how early PN may affect electrolyte and water homeostasis. We performed a prospective observational trial to assess the effect ...

To cite this article: Jin Y-Y, Cao R-M, Chen J, Kaku Y, Wu J, Cheng Y, Shimizu T, Takase M, Wu S-M, Chen T-X. Partially hydrolyzed cow's milk formula has a therapeutic effect on the infants with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis: a randomized, double-blind study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011: ...

OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review of prospective studies to confirm the role of breastfeeding in mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV). DATA SOURCES: A database was constructed from MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, National Science Digital Library, and China Biological Medicine Database and through contact with experts in ...

To analyze the weight gain and to describe the metabolic complications in preterm newborns with nutritional support (NS) and to describe nutritional practices in the first month of hospitalization for 52 preterm newborns. Descriptive and prospective study of preterm infants (30-36 gestational weeks), with birth weight > 1 kg, hospital ...

Abstract Study Objective. To evaluate the use of enteral fish oil for the treatment of parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD). Design. Retrospective case series. Setting. Pediatric academic hospital and outpatient clinic. Patients. Six parenteral nutrition-dependent infants with short-bowel syndrome and PNALD. Measurements and Main Results. The six infants received supplementation ...

There is a lively discussion in literature whether routine use of probiotics should be recommended to reduce the incidence of severe necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and mortality in preterm infants. The aim of the present review is to analyze the level of evidence of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that different ...