Purpose: Anemia of prematurity is frequent in preterm infants, for which red blood cell (RBC) transfusion remains the treatment of choice. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the characteristics and risk factors of anemia of prematurity, and suggest ways to reduce anemia and the need for multiple transfusions. Materials ...

Birth weight is one of the most important anthropometric measures in the evaluation of an infant. For the full-term infant, birth weight is compared with reference or standard growth curves that are constructed by plotting weight, length, and head circumference against postnatal age. Following a similar approach for preterm infants ...

Background: Despite the great advances made in neonatal intensive care, one of the greatest challenges in perinatology today, remains the management of very low-birth-weight infants (VLWB). aim: To evaluate the impact of the mode of delivery on very lowbirth- weight infants' survival and their outcome. methods: We performed a retrospective ...

Invasive fungal sepsis has become the third most common cause of late-onset infections in many neonatal intensive care units (NICU). The prevalence rate ranges from 2.6% to 16.7% among very-low-birth-weight infants and from 5.5% to 20% among extremely low-birth-weight infants. Despite the development of several new antifungal agents in the ...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to describe the risk of adverse obstetric and neonatal outcome after bariatric surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Nationwide register-based matched cohort study of singleton deliveries after bariatric surgery during 2004-2010. Data were extracted from The Danish National Patient Registry and The Medical Birth Register. Each ...

It has been suggested that periodontal disease is an important risk factor for preterm low birth weight (PLBW). The purpose of this study was to determine the association of maternal periodontitis with low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PB). Pregnant women (n = 211) aged 22-40 years were enrolled while receiving ...

To date, little is known about the morphology of optic discs in premature infants. However, optic disc morphology and optic nerve development are two factors that potentially influence visual function in infants. Thus we analysed the morphology of the optic disc and its correlation with gestational age and birth weight. ...

Neonates are at a high risk of temperature loss. Those born at less than 30 weeks' gestation should be placed in a plastic bag or wrapped immediately at birth, drying the head and putting on a hat, while maintaining routine precautions, such as warming the delivery room, pre-warming surfaces and ...

Vitamins A and D are essential nutrients that play important roles in growth and development. Preterm and low birth weight infants have low levels of these nutrients and are at risk for developing detrimental health consequences associated with vitamin A and vitamin D deficiencies. Preliminary data suggest that vitamin A ...

Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal mortality. Periventricular hemorrhage-intraventricular hemorrhage (PVH-IVH) remains a significant cause of both morbidity and mortality in infants prematurely born. The aim of the study was to evaluate the perinatal outcome regarding IVH of premature babies according to the mode of delivery. A total ...

The prevalence of overweight among infants and toddlers has increased dramatically in the past three decades, highlighting the importance of identifying factors contributing to early excess weight gain, particularly in high-risk groups. Parental feeding styles and the attitudes and behaviors that characterize parental approaches to maintaining or modifying children's eating ...

Newborn weight may vary between ethnic groups, but it is not known if birthweight differences exist between term babies born to immigrant mothers compared with those born in their corresponding native countries. We completed a systematic review of all birthweight curves published between 1980 and 2012, based on at least ...

This prospective longitudinal study explored the growth patterns of preterm infants and the implications of rearing them in an advancing culture. The study measured the weight, length, and head circumference of 343 Korean preterm infants over 12 months corrected age. Data were analyzed using a generalized estimation equation for growth ...

AIM: To test the hypothesis that, in ELBW infants who did not receive antenatal MgSO4, lower baseline serum Mg is associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes (NDO). STUDY DESIGN: The study was conducted in two phases: Phase 1 - retrospective, and Phase 2 - prospective. SUBJECTS: Extremely low birth weight infants. ...

BACKGROUND: The achievement of adequate nutritional intakes in preterm infants is challenging and may explain the poor growth often seen in this group. The use of early parenteral nutrition (PN) is one potential strategy to address this problem, although the benefits and harms are unknown. OBJECTIVE: We determined whether earlier ...

Abstract Objective: To evaluate skin temperature by using different positions with non-contact infrared thermography (IRT) in multiple body areas of preterm infants for detailed information about temperature regulation and distribution. Methods: The temperature of ten premature infants (median: 27 weeks; age 36 days; weight 1322 g) was determined via IRT ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Most research examining birth history (i.e. related birth complications) and developmental milestone achievement follow outcomes for infants at-risk with very specific birth weight categories and gestational age classifications. The purpose of this study was to examine how birth weight relates to infants' birth histories and developmental milestone achievement ...

OBJECTIVE:The goal of this study was to investigate growth outcomes in term infants with weight faltering.METHODS:Conditional weight gain was calculated on term infants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Cases of weight faltering were infants with a conditional weight gain below the fifth centile. Outcome growth measurements ...

BACKGROUND: Studies have documented the importance of procedure type and hemodynamic variables on the incidence of procedure related adverse events (AE) after cardiac catheterization. However, little is known about the impact of low weight on the incidence and severity of AE. METHODS: Data were prospectively collected using a multi-center registry ...

We have reported that changes in the lifestyle of pregnant women during Ramadan affect more than one generation. In a series of newborn babies in Saudi Arabia, those whose mothers had been in utero during Ramadan differed from those whose mothers had not been in utero during Ramadan. These were ...

BACKGROUND: Observational studies associate higher intakes of n-3 (omega-3) long-chain PUFAs (LCPUFAs) during pregnancy with higher gestation duration and birth size. The results of randomized supplementation trials using various n-3 LCPUFA sources and amounts are mixed. OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that 600 mg/d of the n-3 LCPUFA DHA can ...

Infants with shunt-dependent single-ventricle (SV) physiology are at risk for poor weight gain before superior cavopulmonary connection (SCPC). Lower weight-for-age z-score is a risk factor for prolonged length of stay (LOS) after SCPC. We sought to characterize infant growth and feeding and determine the effect of method of feeding on ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Since the Doi Moi reform 1986 economic conditions in Vietnam have changed significantly and positive health and health care developments have been observed. International experience shows that improved economic conditions in a country can reduce the risk of perinatal mortality, decrease the risk of low birth weight and ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Exposure to air pollution is frequently associated with reductions in birth weight but results of available studies vary widely, possibly in part because of differences in air pollution metrics. Further insight is needed to identify the air pollution metrics most strongly and consistently associated with birth weight. METHODS: ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the growth pattern from birth to 2 years of UK-born white British and Pakistani infants. DESIGN: Birth cohort. SETTING: Bradford, UK. PARTICIPANTS: 314 white British boys, 383 Pakistani boys, 328 white British girls and 409 Pakistani girls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Weight and length trajectories based on repeat ...

Abstract Background: Thyroid dysfunction is very common and is associated with neurodevelopmental impairments in preterm infants. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the incidence and natural course of various thyroid dysfunctions and their impacts on neurodevelopmental outcomes among premature infants. Methods: A total of 177 infants were enrolled who ...

OBJECTIVE: The presence of appetite hormones, namely glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY) and leptin in breast milk may be important in infant feeding regulation and infant growth. This study evaluated whether concentrations of GLP-1, PYY and leptin change across a single feeding (from fore- to hindmilk), and are associated ...

OBJECTIVE: Adipocytokines participate in the regulation of glucose metabolism and foetal development. The transcription factor activating protein 2B (TFAP2β) has been associated with adipocytokine regulation, and gene variations with type 2 diabetes and obesity. This study investigated associations between maternal TFAP2B variation, adipocytokines levels and maternal and neonatal anthropometric characteristics. ...

Objectives. We sought to quantify how socioeconomic, health care, demographic, and geographic effects explain racial disparities in low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB) rates in Brazil. Methods. We employed a sample of 8949 infants born between 1995 and 2009 in 15 cities and 7 provinces in Brazil. We ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The foetal growth standards for Indian children which are available today suffer due to methodological problems. These are, for example, not adhering to the WHO recommendation to base gestational age on the number of completed weeks and secondly, not excluding mothers with risk factors. This study has addressed ...

In the 35 years since low plasma vitamin A levels were first described in premature infants, much effort has gone into attempting to describe the functional consequences of vitamin A deficiency in this population. Supplementation of extremely low birth weight infants with intramuscular (i.m.) vitamin A has a significant but ...

Umbilical cord blood (UCB) has been demonstrated to be alternative source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Unfortunately, the wide use of UCB Transplantation is limited due to the low number of HSCs. The aim of this study was to determine factors that affect the number of HSCs collected from UCB. ...

PURPOSE: Very premature delivery is a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Obesity, diabetes and pregnancy hypertension are known risk factors for pregnancy complications. The study aimed to scrutinize differences of pregnancy complications in a cohort of very premature deliveries compared to a national group. METHODS: In a multicenter ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: If it is well known that obesity increases morbidity for both mother and fetus and is associated with a variety of adverse reproductive outcomes, then few studies have assessed the relation between obesity and neonatal outcomes. This is the aim of the present study after taking into account ...

Mercury (Hg) is a ubiquitous heavy metal that can negatively affect human health; however, few studies have examined the impact of prenatal low-level Hg exposure on fetal growth. We investigated prenatal exposure levels of Hg and the relationship between Hg levels and neonatal anthropometrics, including birth weight, length, and head ...

BACKGROUND: Preadipocyte factor-1 (Pref-1) is a key regulator of adipocyte differentiation acting as an inhibitor of adipogenesis; Pref-1 is highly expressed in embryonic tissues and placenta supporting a role in embryonic and fetal growth. The potential impact of placental Pref-1 expression in human pre- and postnatal development is unclear. OBJECTIVE ...

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of chronic lung disease of prematurity involves maturational arrest and neonatal lung disease (NLD) followed by mechanical ventilation (MV). However, the effect of these factors on postnatal lung function is not well established. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the differential effects of immaturity ...

Background: Low weight and premature deliveries arouse clinical interest concerning the survival of newborns. The determinants of birth weight among Spanish natives and immigrants may differ. Research which considers maternal origin and associated factors such as age and parity is important. Aim: This study analyses and models the influence of ...

To determine whether cardiac catheterisation procedures for low birth weight neonates ≤2.5 kg carries a greater risk of complications compared with neonates >2.5 kg, we conducted a single-centre retrospective case-control study. From 01/03 to 01/09, 46 consecutive neonates <2.5 kg at the time of cardiac catheterisation were identified. For each ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) gene family is involved in the detoxification of biomaterials and drugs in the liver. Among the UGT gene family members, only UGT1A1 is involved in bilirubin conjugation. As a result, deficient UGT1A1 activity causes jaundice. One disease that is characterized by reduced UGT1A1 activity is ...

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT: Samoan adults are recognized for their particularly high body mass index and prevalent obesity. While Polynesians are understudied, in other populations infancy is a critical period in the development of obesity. Breastfeeding has been shown to attenuate obesity risk. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: ...

OBJECTIVES: Modern adverse birth outcomes may partially result from mechanisms evolved to evaluate environmental conditions and regulate maternal investment trade-offs. Male scarcity in a population is associated with a cluster of characteristics related to higher mating effort and lower paternal investment. We predicted that modern populations with male scarcity would ...

The authors report a case of extensive, unilateral hemispheric infarct with internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion in a term infant emphasizing the value of MRI, particularly diffusion weighted imaging (DWI).

Birth defects, encountered frequently by pediatricians, are important causes of childhood morbidity and mortality. Birth defects can be classified according to their severity, pathogenic mechanism, or whether they are involving a single system or multiple systems. This hospital-based prospective descriptive study highlights the prevalence of Congenital Anomalies (CAs) in one ...

Objective To examine the effects of biological maternal sounds (BMS) on weight gain velocity in very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants (≤ 1,500 g).Study Design An exploratory study with a matched-control design. A prospective cohort of VLBW infants exposed to attenuated recordings of BMS during their neonatal intensive care unit hospitalization were ...

BACKGROUND: It has been hypothesised that postnatal weight and length/height gain are variously related to wheeze, asthma and atopy; however, supporting evidence is limited and inconsistent. METHODS: Weights and lengths/heights of 12,171 term infants were measured from birth to 12 months and at 6.5 yr and extracted from polyclinic records prospectively obtained ...

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the differences in the growth trend of male infants fed with human milk (HM), formula feeding (FF) and both (HM+FF), focusing the attention on weight increase in the first six months of life. Methods: We enrolled 146 healthy male infants born ...

Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) is defined as the rupture of fetal membranes before 37 weeks. Extreme PPROM occurs before 26 weeks' gestation and can result in perinatal morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to study the perinatal outcomes of mothers with extreme PPROM. A retrospective ...

Since 1978, we have witnessed a successful evolution of assisted reproductive technology (ART), with improvement of the pregnancy rates and a growing demand. However, in recent years, there has been increasing concern regarding its safety due to the potential health impact on its infants. The raise of the developmental origins ...

INTRODUCTION: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a well-recognised complication in infants of diabetic mothers and is attributed to a compensatory increase in fetal insulin secretion. Infants with congenital hyperinsulinism have excessive prenatal and postnatal insulin secretion due to defects in pathways of insulin secretion (most commonly the K(ATP) channel). HCM has ...