Intrafamilial marriage is favoured by the Arab community in Israel, almost all of whom live in villages populated by a few (< 20) founding families. A previous study in Taibe, a large Arab village located 30 km from Tel Aviv, showed a significantly high malformation rate among infants of consanguineous ...

A random sample of death records of adult males from the period 1967 to 1970 was chosen from the South Australian Registry of Births, Deaths, and Marriages. The natural parents of these individuals were identified by cross-referencing to birth certificates, and an extensive search was made of the death records ...

This study examined the relationship between smile type and play type during parent-infant interactions in the home. Thirty-six mother-infant and father-infant dyads were videotaped playing for 10 min. Smile type (basic, Duchenne, and duplay smiles) and play type (object, physical, vocal, and book reading) were coded. Results of loglinear analysis ...

Geleophysic dysplasia is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder which causes disproportionate short stature associated with severe physical handicaps, but is compatible with survival into adulthood. We present a case, a first-born child, where genetic counselling difficulties arose following ultrasound recognition of short-limbed dwarfism in association with polyhydramnios and an initial ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether a video about infant immunization could inform parents as well as human counselling (oral presentation). METHODS: Core information for parents about infant immunization was identified and packaged in an instructional video and a scripted oral presentation. Volunteer prenatal classes were randomly assigned a video or oral ...

Every year more than 50,000 infants with sickle cell trait are identified through newborn screening programs. An infant with trait provides a "genetic window" into a family that may be at risk for having a child with sickle cell disease. No national standards have been established for newborn trait follow-up ...

Reports that infants imitate the vocal pitch characteristics of adult caregivers (e.g. Lewis, 1936/1951) include Lieberman's (1967; Lieberman, Ryalls & Rabson, 1982) claim that infants differentially adjust their vocal pitch or fundamental frequency (f0) towards that of their caregivers, resulting in higher mean pitch when interacting with mothers than when ...

The distress level of parents who had infants with Down syndrome (study parents) was compared to that of control parents of infants without disability (infants were all less than 2 years of age). Data were collected in two independent surveys. We matched subjects case-by-case on socioeconomic status. Analysis of pooled ...

BACKGROUND: Nappy rash accounts for 20% of dermatology consultations in childhood, but its causes are poorly understood. AIM: To determine the incidence of nappy rash during the first four weeks of life in a geographically defined United Kingdom (UK) population, and to study the factors associated with developing the rash. ...

This meta-analysis included 66 studies (N = 4,176) on parental antecedents of attachment security. The question addressed was whether maternal sensitivity is associated with infant attachment security, and what the strength of this relation is. It was hypothesized that studies more similar to Ainsworth's Baltimore study (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, & ...

In our meta-analysis on sensitivity and attachment, studies on the role of the father in the development of infant attachment were excluded. In this rejoinder to our discussants, we present new meta-analytic evidence on the association between paternal sensitivity and infant-father attachment (combined effect size r[544] = .13; k = ...

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to clarify the roles of parents and caregivers in making decisions for resuscitation of near-viable infants. STUDY DESIGN: We present two cases and review ethical and legal issues involved in making decisions for near-viable infants. RESULTS: Medical responsibility for the infant shifts at birth from obstetrics ...

OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between infant and parental characteristics and parental report of infant cyanosis and also hospital admission for apnoea/cyanosis. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted. It involved the one-fifth of Tasmanian live births who were assessed, using a perinatal score, as being at higher risk of ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of neonatal circumcision immediately following delisting of the procedure in Ontario and to examine parents' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours regarding circumcision. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Perinatal tertiary care centre in southwestern Ontario. PARTICIPANTS: Of the 151 mothers approached, three were excluded because they did not ...

PURPOSE: To highlight the legal issues surrounding nonrelated infant adoptions. POPULATION: Parties in the adoption triad--the infant, the biological parent(s), and the adoptive parent(s). CONCLUSIONS: Current adoption laws have been influenced by a historical stigmatization of adoption by society, states' sovereignty rights, and individual's constitutional rights. Controversies surrounding nonrelated infant ...

This study examined how mothers of prematurely born three-year-old children retrospectively recall their responses to their infant's hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Forty-four mothers of three-year-old prematurely born children were interviewed as part of a longitudinal study. Data from maternal interviews were analyzed using the analytic inductive ...

Recognizing the importance of parents in the lives of preterm infants, investigators and clinicians have increasingly focused on the needs of parents during the period when their infant is hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit and the impact of this experience on their subsequent parenting. The purpose of this ...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of symptoms associated with overt gastroesophageal reflux (GER) during the first year of life, to describe when most infants outgrow these symptoms, and to assess the prevalence of parental reports of various symptoms associated with GER and the percentages of infants who have been treated ...

This study was performed to evaluate participation rates and characteristics of participants in a case-control study of infant leukaemia. Eligible cases were identified throughout the United States, and two controls were selected for each case using a structured protocol for telephone random digit dialling. The non-participation rate, once a household ...

The purpose of the study was to identify the parental concerns of Mexican American first-time mothers and fathers using an ethnographic approach. The study was conducted for 10 months in Hidalgo County, Texas. Twenty-six families were followed longitudinally during their first 6 months of parenting with an average of eight ...

We describe here four sibs, born to consanguineous, healthy, asymptomatic parents. Three of these infants had a rapidly fatal course in the neonatal period; death was attributed to congestive heart failure with radiographic evidence of cardiomegaly in all of them. Necropsy was done in only one of them and showed ...

OBJECTIVES: To determine how frequently seating devices are available in homes with small infants and how often they are used for infants who are too young to sit erect and unsupported. DESIGN: Observational study using a questionnaire administered to a cohort of parents of well infants younger than 5 months. ...

This three-group randomized controlled trial assessed the effectiveness of a postpartum public health nurse telephone visit on infant-care behaviours of primiparous women in Ottawa-Carleton. The impact of a clerk call on recruiting mothers to parent-baby groups was also described. Low risk primiparas were randomized into telephone visit, clerk call and ...

OBJECTIVE: To review critically the research on infant developmental risk published in the past 10 years. METHOD: A brief framework on development in the first 3 years is provided. This is followed by a review of pertinent studies of developmental risk, chosen to illustrate major risk conditions and the protective ...

The purpose of this chapter is to summarize the findings of the nursing research on parenting the prematurely born child. This research focused on eight general areas: impact of the home environment on infant development status, the relationship between premature infants and their mothers during the first 2 years, parenting ...

Manslaughter charges were brought against Dr. Gregory Messenger, a Michigan (USA) dermatologist, for removing his extremely premature infant son from a ventilator in the neonatal intensive care unit. Prior to delivery the neonatologist had told the parents that at the infant's age there was a 50-70% mortality and that if ...

As part of a research project exploring ways through which we can understand the crying infant and its family, this study focuses on the experiences of fathers during labour and delivery of their infant. In a previous part of the project it was shown that fathers' negative experiences during the ...

Mothers and fathers of 54 term infants and 49 preterm infants were observed individually interacting with their infant in the home during a structured task (Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale) when the child was 3 and 12 months old. Parents of preterm infants had lower interaction scores than parents of ...

PURPOSE: To identify resources of parents or primary caretakers who managed chronically ill infants at home and to determine psychometric properties of Home Care Resources Inventory (HCRI). DESIGN: Cross-sectional, descriptive SETTING: Outpatient clinics. PARTICIPANTS: Parents or primary caretakers (N = 100) of chronically ill infants who were discharged from hospital ...

Successful parenting has a major impact on the emotional well-being and cognitive development of young children. Infants gain their sense of self at an early age through their interactions with their caregivers. Nurses can play a unique role in helping parents and caregivers learn about their infant's abilities and behavior ...

OBJECTIVES: This study examines the effectiveness of computer-generated telephone reminders in improving infants receiving on-time immunizations. A computer called parents at home, reminded them of their child's visit, and asked if they could keep the appointment. If parents either canceled or failed to honor the appointment, the computer called back ...

An intoxication after using methyl bromide (CH3Br) in fumigation is reported. The accident resulted in the death of a newborn infant within 12-13 h after exposure, as well as clinical intoxication of the infant's parents. The concentration of bromide ion in the infant's blood was 170 mg l-1 and in ...

Manslaughter charges were brought in Lansing, Michigan against Gregory Messenger, a local dermatologist, for removing his extremely premature infant son from a ventilator in a neonatal intensive care unit. The issue in the case was the degree of intervention required for the newborn for whom the parents had been counseled ...

OBJECTIVE: To identify parental characteristics associated with infants being placed to sleep in the prone position. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. PATIENTS: Randomly selected King County, Washington, infants born on the same days as King County infants who died of sudden infant death syndrome between November 1992 and October 1994. METHODS: ...

To assist the parents of preterm infants at Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada, we have developed a unique and creative method of individualizing parent information: The parent information binder (PIB). This method has supported a shift from nurse-directed education to parents as partners in their own education. Parents and health ...

This purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between caregiving demands, family system demands, and parental coping behavior in 71 families who had an infant 1 year of age or younger diagnosed with a congenital heart defect. Data for this descriptive correlational study were collected in the parents' ...

PURPOSE: To explore fathers' experiences of developing a relationship with their infants during the infant's first 2 months of life DESIGN: Grounded theory approach SETTING: Fathers' homes or other mutually agreed-upon site PARTICIPANTS: First-time fathers (N = 14), ages 28-44, Caucasian, middle class MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Tape-recorded semistructured interviews to ...

Strategies involving 14 sources were used to locate 230 parents of sudden infant death syndrome infants who died in Southern California between 1989 and 1992 and 255 parents of healthy, living infants matched by birth hospital, birth date, race and sex. The sample consisted of adults of reproductive age residing ...

Families of VLBW and LBW preterm infants are usually happy to have a new baby in the family, although they are anxious, depressed, and concerned about their infant's future health and well-being. During the first year of the infant's life, families of LBW and VLBW infants face many new challenges. ...

A questionnaire survey was conducted amongst parents in the military community in British Forces Germany to investigate the prevalence of known and suspected risk factors for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Over a thousand questionnaires were returned (response rate 58%) and these showed that the prevalence of babies being placed in ...

This clinical case-study of 50 infants suffering from NOFT (non-organic failure to thrive) and their parents supports the idea that the feeding problem is intimately related to parental disorders. We find a high rate (70%) of parental psychopathology (axis I diagnosis applying DSM-III-R) at the time of referral and a ...

Investigated the relationship between poverty and parenting in a sample of low birth weight (< or = 2,500 grams) premature (LBWPT) infants (gestation < or = 37 weeks) who were control subjects in the Infant Health and Development Program. When classified using federal poverty levels, poor families scored lower on ...

OBJECTIVES: To examine the degree of agreement between parental reporting of the development of high-risk infants and professional assessment by a multidisciplinary team. METHODS: The developmental status of 196 infants discharged from neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) was assessed by their parents using the Infant Monitoring Questionnaire (IMQ) at 4, ...

Associations are reported among classifications of Adult Attachment Interviews (AAIs) obtained from expectant parents and subsequent classifications of their infants in the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP). Mothers' AAIs predicted infant-mother SSPs (chi 2 = 41.87, N = 96, df = 9, p < or = .0001), and fathers' AAIs predicted ...

J. Bowlby (1969) proposed that the child's insistence on maintainance of proximity to protective (parental) figures was attributable to the activities of an attachment behavioral system which regulates primate safety and survival. M. D. S. Ainsworth, M. C. Blehar, E. Waters, and S. Wall's (1978) Strange Situation procedure later delineated ...

The identification of DNA polymorphisms makes it possible to classify trisomy 21 according to the parental origin and stage (meiosis I [MI], meiosis II [MII], or postzygotic mitotic) of the chromosomal error. Studying the effect of parental age on these subgroups could shed light on parental exposures and their timing. ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe parents' perceptions of their infants' transfers within a regional system of perinatal care. DESIGN: Qualitative; grounded theory methodology. SETTING: Interviews were conducted in an office adjacent to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), in an intermediate care unit (IMCU), and in the homes of parents. PARTICIPANTS: Fifteen ...

A six-pound infant may be 33 weeks, 43 weeks, or term, each with a different set of medical and developmental needs, requiring different nursing care. Gestational age determination is important for anticipating each infant's medical risks, preventing complications, distinguishing the infant's developmental capabilities in feeding, sleep, and interactive behaviors with ...

The 1995 edition of Dietary Guidelines for Americans has recently been released. In anticipation of the heightened attention that these revised will undoubtedly receive, there is renewed discussion about the need for Dietary Guidelines for Infants. These guidelines would reinforce to parents and nutrition professionals that many diet strategies designed ...

The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the feelings and perceptions of parents undergoing the process of private infant adoption in Western society. Ten individuals were interviewed and, through ethnographic analysis, categories and themes were derived. Participants moved sequentially through seven phases, from the choice to adopt ...