Adolescent parents and their infants are a population at risk. Infant mortality, low-birthweight, and child maltreatment are inordinately higher within this population than within slightly older cohorts. The purpose of this one group pretest-posttest intervention study was to analyze the efficacy of a program designed to improve infant outcomes through ...

This study represents the first systematic investigation of the effects on infant attachment to mother and to father of the increasingly common practice of overnight visitation (time-sharing) with the father in separated and divorced families. There were 145 infants (ages 12 to 20 months) and their mothers (and 83 fathers) ...

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD), a disease with both inherited and environmental components determining its clinical expression, has been reported to be more frequent in people of Asian origin. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to compare the 12-month cumulative incidence of AD in Caucasian, Chinese, and Vietnamese babies born in Australia. METHODS: ...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to estimate the recurrence risk for stillbirth and infant death and compare results for offspring of first-cousin parents with results for offspring of unrelated parents. METHODS: The study population consisted of all single births with a previous sibling born in Norway between 1967 ...

INTRODUCTION: The immediate post-partum period is stressful for most parents. The need to use a home apnea monitor may tax parental coping skills even further. Therefore, we conducted a study to assess the psychosocial consequences of apnea monitoring on parental emotional distress and family functioning. METHOD: We studied 104 parents ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the experience of ten couples who have had a home birth in Western Australia. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Using a phenomenological approach, ten parent couples were interviewed and three home-birth videos observed. Of the ten couples, four discussed their first child's home birth. The remaining six couples ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the psychosocial adjustment of mothers and fathers to the birth of a premature or critically ill infant hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). STUDY DESIGN: Using a comparative design, we studied 165 mothers and father pairs of high-risk neonates. Mothers were 29.1 +/- 6.7 and ...

A total of 150 full-term and 66 pre-term infants were selected at birth and prospectively examined at three-monthly intervals from birth until the age of 27 months. Parental reports of middle ear infection and/or hearing impairment were obtained prior to otoscopic and audiometric evaluation. The relationships between parental reports and ...

This study examined changes in bereaved parents' mental distress following the violent deaths of their 12- to 28-year-old children. A community-based sample of 171 bereaved mothers and 90 fathers was recruited by a review of medical examiner records. Data were collected 4, 12, and 24 months post-death. Repeated measures analysis ...

Sleeping problems in young children are very common, affecting up to 20% of 1-year-olds. Behaviour therapy is the most widely recognised treatment but a significant proportion of parents find it aversive. This suggests that parental cognitions may be important and underevaluated. The aims of this study were therefore fourfold: (1) ...

An infant oral health evaluation encompasses the assessment and identification of oral disease, the establishment of preventive practices and the monitoring of developing dentofacial structures. The article presented here focuses on the need for dentists to begin a dialogue with parents of young children with regard to their infant's oral ...

BACKGROUND: Studies from more than 10 years ago have shown that most parents choose circumcision for their infant sons for nonmedical reasons. Since then a wealth of data has accumulated on the relative risks and benefits of the procedure, although the medical community remains divided on the appropriateness of the ...

This study investigated the abusive behavior and parenting styles of 7 rhesus macaque mothers with infants born in 2 consecutive years. All subjects lived in captive social groups and were observed during the first 12 weeks of infant life. With the exception of 1 individual, mothers were generally consistent in ...

Family interaction during pregnancy and the transition to parenthood creates the social environment in which the fetus becomes part of the family, family relationships and roles are reorganized, and the infant's temperament appears. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among family dynamics, parental-fetal attachment, and infant ...

PURPOSE: To explore the experiences of fathers of infants newly diagnosed with severe congenital heart disease. DESIGN: An analysis of qualitative data collected as part of a larger longitudinal study of parenting the medically fragile infant. PARTICIPANTS: Eight fathers whose infants were hospitalized for severe congenital heart disease, were technology ...

To determine whether infants exposed to drugs during gestation present special challenges in family foster care, data on 204 infants were reviewed. Developmental functioning, health and caregiving needs, visits by biological parents, and case dispositions were compared across drug-exposure groups. Infants with verified drug exposure presented with significantly more health ...

Herpes simplex type 2 (HSV2) disease developed sequentially among two parents and their newborn. The father first became ill with upper-respiratory symptoms and fever. Then, 5 days later, shortly after delivery, the mother had fever, pharyngitis, and diarrhea. Subsequently, the infant developed undifferentiated febrile illness at the age of 3 ...

Infant psychiatry, a relatively new and growing field, recognizing that clinically relevant problems can be identified in infants and young children. Infant mental health emphasizes the importance of both preventive intervention and treatment approaches. The World Association for Infant Mental Health is an interdisciplinary and international organization devoted to furthering ...

OBJECTIVES: 1) Determine what percentage of infants outgrow regurgitation over 1 year. 2) Determine whether they develop feeding or mealtime problems. 3) Determine whether they develop frequent respiratory illnesses, including ear, sinus, and upper respiratory infections, or wheezing episodes. DESIGN: One-year follow-up survey of parents of children identified at 6 ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess parental decision making in the acquisition of an infant walker and the influences surrounding that decision. DESIGN/METHODS: Caretakers of children attending a residents' continuity practice during a one month period were invited to participate in a structured interview to assess various aspects of infant safety. Ten questions ...

We examine behavioral and physiological aspects of primate emotional attachments in the context of four relationships: infant-to-parent, parent-to-infant, and adult male-to-female and adult female-to-male in a monogamous New World species. Emotional attachments in each of these relationships show striking similarities at a basic functional level. The nature of these similarities ...

By applying R. S. Lazarus's (1993) theoretical model, the authors explored the dynamics of stress and coping as central mechanisms underlying parenting adjustment and infant development. Longitudinal assessment of 140 primiparous mothers included measures of cognitive appraisals of parenting, coping strategies used, and supportive coping resources at pregnancy and 1 ...

Twenty-five Turkish infants with Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) have been diagnosed in the past 8 years. All are from consanguineous, nonrelated families. The present study deals with the molecular basis of six Turkish TSD patients from five unrelated families in which the parents were first cousins. The five mutations identified in ...

This laboratory study examined mothers' and fathers' sensitivity during face-to-face interactions with their infants as well as infants' affective and regulatory responses during mother-infant versus father-infant still face (SF). The degree to which infant gender and temperament as well as parental sensitivity predicted SF responses was also examined. Participants included ...

Fathers make definite contributions to infant development and are now spending more time with their children than in many past decades. This article reviews the most compelling research on the developmental importance of fathers, including father-infant attachment and interaction, and differences between maternal and paternal interaction styles. Results of a ...

Both human mothers and fathers are able to discriminate the odors of 2 samples of amniotic fluid (AF), one from their own newborn infant and one from an unrelated infant. Moreover, both parents are able to accurately identify the odor of the AF from their own infant. They report qualitative ...

Each year in the United States, around 5.5% (or 230,000) infants are born to mothers who used illicit drugs during pregnancy. The untoward effects of in utero drug exposure (IUDE) include significant decreases in birthweight and length and head circumference, prematurity, and developmental problems. Intensive early intervention, including home-based interventions, ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine physician opinions, parental counseling, and medical practices for extremely low birth weight (LBW) infants. METHODS: A retrospective survey was sent in August 1996 to 450 California physicians practicing obstetrics. RESULTS: There was a 41% response rate. The mean thresholds for antenatal steroid administration, cesarean delivery for fetal ...

AIM: This study was designed to monitor changes in the prevalence of risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in the New Zealand population. The behaviour of interest is parent/infant co-sleeping. This paper reports parent/infant co-sleeping arrangements of different ethnic groups in New Zealand. METHODS: A stratified random sample ...

PURPOSE: Pharmacokinetic (PK) studies assume that the tracer's PK is equivalent to the parent compound. This assumption is often violated. The aim of this work is to present a method enabling the ideal tracer PK, i.e. the PK of the parent compound, to be predicted from the non-ideal tracer. METHODS: ...

BACKGROUND: Neonatologists are criticized for overtreating extremely premature infants who die despite invasive and costly care. Withholding resuscitation at delivery has been recommended as a way to minimize overtreatment. It is not known how decisions to forgo initiating aggressive care are made, or whether this strategy effectively decreases overtreatment. OBJECTIVE: ...

BACKGROUND: Increasing numbers of infants have the diagnosis of a surgical malformation made before birth. This allows (1) fetal intervention, (2) in utero transfer and planned delivery in a surgical center, and (3) antenatal counseling of likely prognosis and outcome. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness ...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To compare three different methods of teaching CPR to parents of infants at high risk for sudden cardiopulmonary arrest and to identify characteristics that predict difficulty in learning CPR. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, multicenter clinical trial of 480 parents and other infant caretakers. Subjects were randomly assigned ...

Infantile regurgitation is a frequently occurring problem. Throughout the world, anxious parents are imploring physicians to eliminate their infant's regurgitation. General practitioners, pediatricians and pediatric gastroenterologists strive to alleviate infantile regurgitation and its related parental stress. In this paper we define the scope of the problem and analyze the optimal, ...

To evaluate the prevalence of dihydropyrimidinuria (DHPuria), we analyzed urine samples from 21,200 healthy Japanese infants, and found two cases of DHPuria without clinical symptoms. Based on this result, we estimated the prevalence to be approximately 1/10,000 births in Japan. In addition, we analyzed pyrimidine catabolism on a previously reported ...

OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that the Infant/Child Monitoring Questionnaire (ICMQ) could be used to identify at-risk infants eligible for developmental interventional services. STUDY DESIGN: Of this cross-sectional observational study, group A (n = 108) included a retrospective review of moderate risk infants scheduled for developmental assessment clinic (DAC) visits. Group B ...

Congenital heart disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the newborn. Its diagnosis may lead to a crisis in the affected families; there are the perceived implications of having an abnormality of so vital an organ. To that may be added the assumed guilt or blame, grief ...

The role of the pediatrician begins when the antenatal diagnosis of a congenital anomaly has been confirmed in a high-risk perinatal center. The pediatrician contributes in establishing the prognosis and to discuss the best therapeutic possibilities based upon his own experience and the literature. The pediatrician plays an important role ...

Infant pulmonary function tests (PFTs) have proven increasingly popular and useful for clinical and research purposes. Informed consent requires accurate information on side effects. Our aim was to quantify minor side effects from a parental point of view by means of a questionnaire. The parents of 97 infants attending for ...

Approximately 50% of infertile couples will become parents through pregnancy or adoption, but they experience major difficulties while working towards this goal. Infertility treatments are associated with physical pain and psychological distress, and adoption procedures are prolonged and emotionally stressful. The extent to which these stressors alter the parenting of ...

INTRODUCTION: The objectives of this study were (a) to compare maternal and paternal perceptions of infant medical diagnoses with hospital-chart diagnoses, (b) to examine whether parental perceptions of infant medical condition (using three variables) were related to eight other parental perceptions, and (c) to determine what medical diagnoses were associated ...

The purpose of this study was to describe the experience of foster parents of cocaine-exposed infants. A qualitative approach was selected because of the paucity of knowledge on the topic. Results showed foster parents observed alterations in physiological and behavioral health, developmental problems, and variability among infants related to these ...

The purpose of this pilot study was to determine differences in family health across six dimensions of functioning between families with a very low birth weight infant (VLBW) and families with a full-term infant. An epidemiologic model and Barnhill's (1979) system theory of healthy family dynamics provided the organizing framework ...

The available literature regarding parental touch and its use on premature infants indicates differing views on whether touch should be encouraged or condemned. Findings of this literature review indicate that touch can have a detrimental physical effect on the infant, however positive long-term benefits for parent and child. The absence ...

Although reports on reproductive disturbances among occupational groups of electrical workers have been discussed, few studies have focused explicitly on the children of workers employed in the power industry. Birth outcome and cancer in the offspring of fathers who were exposed to electric and magnetic fields at time of sperm ...

Specific treatment modalities, such as dyadic psychotherapies, have emerged, based on the notion that in cases of very early relational disorders, the patient is the parent-infant relationship. The aim of this paper is to present a case study of such a relational disorder which took place as the result of ...

To examine the effects of infant negative emotionality and of mothering and fathering during the toddler years on 3-year-old boys' externalizing problems and inhibition, as well as explore the proposition that children vary in their susceptibility to rearing influence, 125 first-born, Caucasian boys from maritally intact families were studied. Results ...

To assess the efficacy of early intervention (EI) for very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants, we evaluated 62 2 year old children who were enrolled in an EI program and 48 control subjects aged 2 years. We determined the subjects' developmental quotients (DQ) and obtained information about the parents' evaluation of the children ...

In a retrospective review of medical notes we determined: (1) how often doctors record discussions with the parents of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants during the neonatal period; (2) what details of any discussion they actually record and; (3) if they are more likely to record discussion with the ...

Naive listeners rated the style of singing in mothers' and fathers' sung performances for infants and their simulations of those performances (Experiment 1). Performances in an infant's presence were judged as more expressive--either more playful or more soothing--than were simulations. Parents' style of singing, as reflected in these ratings, differed ...