AIMS: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of activated charcoal on the absorption of amlodipine, with special reference to delayed charcoal administration. METHODS: Thirty-two healthy volunteers, eight subjects in four parallel groups, ingested 10 mg of amlodipine on an empty stomach. Activated charcoal (25 g in ...

The real cost savings arising from effectively preventing or treating preterm birth ascribable to prevalent reproductive tract infections are demonstrated in the lives of children saved from premature death and personal, biologic and economic impairment. Three meta-analyses demonstrate neonatal and maternal benefits from adjunctive antibiotic treatment of mothers suffering preterm ...

Incessant VTs in infancy are often poorly tolerated. Response to conventional antiarrhythmic therapy is disappointing. The present case involves a 3-week-old infant with an incessant VT of a left bundle branch block, and normal axis morphology. This tachycardia was inducible with both atrial and ventricular pacing, but not by premature ...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the diffusion of information about preventing neural tube defects (NTDs) through folic acid consumption by examining whether mothers of Canadian children born with spina bifida, who had become pregnant at least a year after evidence of the preventive effect of folic acid had been published, had taken ...

Low-birth-weight (LBW) premature infants are at increased risk for abnormal development. It is unclear whether intervention programs designed to prevent the disabilities in preterm children are efficacious. This paper reviews the settings in which interventions take place (e.g. nursery, home) and to whom they are directed (e.g. infant, parent). One ...

Coagulation and fibrinolysis factors were studied in six patients after local thrombolysis with urokinase (720,000 IU). Transient abnormalities, such as prolonged prothrombin time, decreased plasminogen and alpha 2-antiplasmin activities, decreased fibrinogen, and increased fibrin degradation products were seen on the day after thrombolysis, but tended to return to the normal ...

Infants with omphalocele and gastroschisis represent a challenging group of patients. Antenatal diagnosis may affect management by stimulating a search for associated anomalies, and by changing the site, mode, or timing of delivery. During the neonatal period, great care must be taken to minimize fluid and heat loss, and to ...

Few authorities doubt that here has been a significant rise in IgE mediated diseases in almost all populations in which they have been studied. There is less agreement why this should have occurred and a number of genetic and environmental influences almost certainly play a part. Although the present discussions ...

1. Admitted kidnappers identified four phases involved in stealing an infant as: setting the stage for a baby, planning the abduction, the act of abduction, and post-abduction discovery. 2. Abductors describe personal pressure and interpersonal pressures as motivations in stealing an infant. 3. The act of abducting an infant ranges ...

The beta hemolytic streptococcus group B (GBS) emerged as a major pathologic threat to infants in the 1960s and continues to be the leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity in the 1990s. Current approaches to prevention are directed toward eliminating exposure to the pathogen through chemoprophylaxis or enhancing host ...

The reliability of length measurement was determined in 38 infants less than 1 year of age. The SD of a single length measurement was 0.28 cm at birth and 0.42 cm both at 6 weeks and at 8 months of age, comparable with the SD of a single height measurement ...

Various vector control measures were applied in different endemic areas in two provinces, Saraburi and Chanthaburi, with comparison among different control measures. Application of IGR (insect growth regurator, pyriproxyfen) was introduced at Wat Tam Pra Pothisat, Tab-Kwang District, Saraburi Province. Some integration measures were performed at villages 6 and 8, ...

Experience gained over twelve years of treating infants with Osteogenesis Imperfecta is described. Emphasized are the facts that no child, including those with OI Sillence II, is too severely involved to not benefit at least from positioning to prevent severe secondary deformities; the Sillence classification does not predict functional ability, ...

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the published literature on the effectiveness of amnioinfusion in reducing meconium below the vocal cords and meconium aspiration syndrome among infants born to women presenting with more than trace meconium-stained fluid. STUDY DESIGN: A literature search was conducted to evaluate clinical trials of amnioinfusion and meconium aspiration. ...

A modified ovoid applicator for intracavitary radiotherapy was developed for Japanese and other Asian women. It has more variations of smaller sized ovoids than the original rigid standard applicator of the Selectron-MDR and microSelectron-HDR. In addition, application of the ovoid pair and tandem flange is easy due to the flat ...

Meconium-stained amniotic fluid is commonly found in obstetrics: it occurs in 9-20% of deliveries. Meconium passage into the amniotic fluid may be an antepartum or intrapartum event. Meconium aspiration may occur antepartum or intrapartum or at the infant's first breath. The prognosis in neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome appears to ...

A total of 3472 deliveries were studied over a year to evaluate (i) the importance of thin meconium stained liquor (MSL) in the causation of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), and (ii) the efficacy of intrapartum plus endotracheal suction at birth in the prevention of MAS due to thin meconium. Two ...

For some time it has been known that the tick Ornithodoros erraticus might be one of the causes of the persistence of African swine fever in the Iberian Peninsula since its introduction in 1960. In the province of Salamanca serological methods have been used to study the relationship between the ...

The surgical management of tetralogy of Fallot has undergone important changes in recent years. Earlier repair of tetralogy of Fallot is now favored by many institutions. At Stanford University Medical Center, we have performed definitive repair of tetralogy of Fallot at the time of presentation, regardless of the child's age, ...

India reported nearly 50,000 traffic accident deaths in 1989. Yet, literature addressing the causes, timing, and preventability of these deaths is sparse. We undertook an autopsy study of road traffic fatalities in South Delhi to determine the injury patterns and incidence of deaths that could be prevented by optimal utilization ...

This article contains a brief overview of the magnitude and causes of perinatal calf mortality (PCM). A PATH model chart of the risk factors of PCM is presented as a foundation for preparation of herd-management programs to prevent PCM, for herd investigations to control excessive PCM, or to plan seminars ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of commonly used forms of eye prophylaxis for newborns with no prophylaxis in the prevention of nongonococcal conjunctivitis. DESIGN: Randomized doubly masked clinical trial. SETTING: University of Washington Hospital and affiliated clinics, Seattle, between 1985 and 1990. SUBJECTS: The medical records of 8499 women were ...

Permethrin-impregnated bed nets were evaluated as a control measure for malaria in northern Guatemala. Twelve hundred forty participants were allocated to one of three experimental groups (impregnated bed nets [IBN], untreated bed nets [UBN], and controls) and followed up for a period of 13 months. The incidence density of malaria ...

The interposition of various materials to complete suturectomy for the treatment of craniosynostosis has been used by many surgeons to prevent early postoperative reunion. Convincing scientific proof of the value of this procedure is still required, however. In this study a previously described model of experimental craniosynostosis was employed to ...

A study on the incidence and high risk factors of hypothermia in the newborn was carried out in a period of four months (Nov. 1988-Feb. 1989) in 6 counties of 3 provinces. Totally 14,809 newborns were studied, in whom 100 cases were found to be ill with sclerema, having an ...

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the proportion of preventable congenital abnormalities in Hungary. DESIGN: Analysis of available Hungarian data-bases and of the effectiveness of primary, secondary, and tertiary preventive methods. SETTING: Databases of ad hoc epidemiological studies and of the Hungarian congenital abnormality registry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence at birth and prevalence ...

One possible complication in infant pneumonectomy is mediastinal shift that can fatally kink or compress airways and vessels. Rigid prostheses have been used to prevent these problems; however, they cannot be adjusted as the child grows. We report a case of expandable prosthesis implantation in a 24-day-old infant. During the ...

Neonatal thrombocytopenia affects 20-40% of the infants in intensive care units. The frequency of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT) is estimated at 1/1500 to 1/5000 live births. The risk of morbidity is significant with 20% neurological sequelae and the death rate is estimated at 10% of affected infants. During recent years ...

A total of 105 "high-risk" infants born in 1988 were studied prospectively from birth to 18 months of age. The infants were recommended breastfeeding and/or hypoallergenic formula (Nutramigen or Profylac) combined with avoidance of solid foods during the first 6 months of life. All mothers had unrestricted diet. Avoidance of ...

We report a case of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia and intracranial hemorrhage in an infant whose mother received immunizations of paternal mononuclear cells. This therapy is designed to prevent unexplained first trimester miscarriages. No previous cases of platelet autoimmunization associated with maternal immunization with paternal mononuclear cells has been reported. Treatment ...

Two infants developed secondary cataract after undergoing extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE), posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, posterior capsulectomy, and anterior vitrectomy. A similar complication developed in a third child, who had undergone ECCE and posterior capsulotomy. The secondary cataracts developed in these patients from 3 to 12 weeks after ...

Preventability of infant mortality in a rural southern county was examined with a Delphi technique using case summaries of infant deaths during a selected four-year period. The first two rounds were aimed at developing a consensus of panelists' opinions about problems leading to the high infant mortality rate in the ...

Serial ultrasound examinations in the preterm infant have documented a strong predictive relationship between PVL and adverse neurologic sequelae, particularly cerebral palsy. Good obstetric management with carefully timed intervention as well as prevention of hypoxic-ischemic episodes postnatally may prevent PVL. The nurse plays a significant role in preventing PVL in ...

Accidental, homicidal and suicidal drowning comprise a special challenge to the clinician and preventive medicine advocate, alike. In South-east Asia and Australasia, accidental immersion accidents rank highly among the causes of preventable child trauma. Bath-tub and bucket drownings affect infants and toddlers under the age of 12 months, and some ...

L-leucine methyl ester (Leu-OMe), Leu-Leu-OMe, Phe-OMe, and Glu-(OMe)2 are toxic to mononuclear phagocytes (M phi) and neutrophils. In the present studies, the mechanism of this toxicity was examined. A concentration of NH4Cl known to neutralize lysosomal pH and to block conversion of Leu-OMe to the dipeptide condensation product Leu-Leu-OMe inhibited ...

Available evidence indicates that infants, for the most part, acquire their oral flora, in particular Streptococcus mutans, from their mothers. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of rampant caries in rat dams on subsequent caries activity in their offspring. Rampant caries was induced by surgical desalivation ...

A comprehensive classification system, which allowed operational analysis of the events preceding accidents, was applied to the analysis of information surrounding the occurrence of all traumatic work-related fatalities in Australia in 1982-1984. The coded information included factors immediately antecedent to the accident leading to the fatality and factors removed in ...

Early identification of symptoms consistent with a urea cycle disorder is crucial to ensure rapid initiation of therapy which, in turn, promotes the best possible prognosis for the newborn. Acute management may include the technological interventions of exchange transfusion, peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis, prevention and treatment of seizures, prevention and/or ...

Causes of infant deaths were analyzed from the linked vital records of 1988 for the District of Columbia. According to a new cause-of-death classification, 57% of the deaths were attributed to "prematurity and related conditions," as compared with only 31% due to "disorders relating to short gestation and unspecified low ...

It is important to identify high-risk women abusing drugs in order to provide good care for them and their babies. These infants require close observation after birth for perinatal complications withdrawal, long-term neurobehavioral abnormalities (even with drug use only early in pregnancy), and sudden infant death syndrome. The degree of ...

Given severe winters at high altitudes, prevention of environmental neonatal hypothermia is of particular importance in Himalayan villages. This is a retrospective study of traditional concepts and practices for the prevention of neonatal hypothermia. 202 babies were studied from a population of 16,425 in three districts of a Himalayan state ...

Testicular descent has been reported to be a dihydrotestosterone (DHT) dependent event. To further elucidate the role of DHT in the process of testicular descent, a group of rats were treated with the 5-alpha reductase inhibitor, 4-MAPC, from birth to day 28 of age and the incidence of testicular descent ...

Present studies show the in vitro addition of glutathione (GSH) can significantly alter selenite induced growth inhibition of mammary tumor cell line 13 (CMT-13). Preincubation with 100 microM GSH for 24 h partially prevented the growth inhibition caused by 12.6 microM selenite. Pre-incubation with 100 microM GSH for 48 h ...

Enamel slabs and thin sections with artificially formed caries lesions were placed in the removable dentures of 15 subjects who brushed them three times daily for 2 weeks with a 1.3% pyrophosphate/1,100 ppm F/1.5% Gantrez dentifrice, a 1,100-ppm F dentifrice without pyrophosphate or Gantrez, or a placebo dentifrice in a ...

Renal function differs in term infants from that in adults, with lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and reduced proximal tubular reabsorption of sodium (Na) and water: nevertheless, it is adequate for their needs. This is not true of very preterm infants in whom hyponatraemia is common. Animal studies have shown ...

We studied the impact of unwed status on infant mortality in the state of Iowa, where obstetric and newborn care is readily accessible. Our purpose was to document the extent of the contribution of unwed status to infant mortality and to compare unwed gravidas with their married counterparts. We hoped ...

During the 1950s tetanus was a major public health concern in Israel, with incidence rates of up to 2/100,000 occurring predominantly among farmers and infants (tetanus neonatorum). These rates have declined considerably since then, with an average of 2 cases per year in recent years, and 5 cases in 1988. ...

A prospective analysis of 18 infants with neonatal tetanus treated over a 14-month period showed that the disease could have been prevented in at least 15 cases. These mothers had received antenatal care on a sufficient number of occasions for two tetanus toxoid immunisations to have been given to effect ...

Litters of domestic piglets show strong sibling competition, large differences among litter-mates in birth weight and rate of growth, and, in the absence of human intervention, a high mortality rate. This combination of traits suggests that pigs are using a reproductive strategy similar to that of certain bird species which ...

The effects of intrauterine hypoxia on the motorial development of forty infants was studied by synthesizing the findings obtained by a team of obstetricians, neonatologists and physiatrists. The pH of the blood of the examinees was measured during delivery to detect hypoxia. Analyses of the results obtained have shown that ...