BACKGROUND: Intermittent preventive treatment with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPT-SP) is currently the recommended regimen for prevention of malaria in pregnancy in endemic areas. This study sets out to evaluate the effectiveness of IPT-SP in the prevention of maternal and placental malaria in parturient mothers in Ibadan, Nigeria, where the risk of malaria ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to measure the reliability of a model that defines preventability in maternal morbidity and death. STUDY DESIGN: One hundred cases of serious morbidity and death among peripartum women were reviewed by 2 independent groups of medical experts to identify potentially preventable provider or ...

All of the panelists who participated in this conference and contributed to the writing of this statement were identified as having no financial or scientific conflict of interest, and all signed forms attesting to this fact. Unlike the expert speakers who present scientific data at the conference, the individuals invited ...

Hemodiafiltration with larger amounts of substitution fluid offers an optimal way to remove uremic substances. Hemodiafiltration could be indicated for all hemodialysis patients. Large observational studies have shown an association of a lower mortality risk with hemodiafiltration using more than 15 liters of substitution fluid. Specific indications should be considered ...

OBJECTIVE: Silent pericardial effusion is frequently observed in patients with anorexia nervosa. The nature of the pericardial fluid could never be established, as pericardiocentesis was ethically unfeasible. METHOD: We describe the case of a girl with anorexia nervosa in whom an initial, clinically irrelevant pericardial effusion increased rapidly, making pericardiocentesis ...

BACKGROUND: A massive rotator cuff tear leads to poor shoulder function as evidenced by diminished glenohumeral abduction and superior translation of the humeral head compared to its normal position. The inclination angle of the glenoid has been associated with rotator cuff tears. The objective of this study was to quantify ...

Bathtub drownings are a significant cause of mortality in the pediatric population. Infants and preambulatory children are disproportionately affected, and several studies have suggested that preventative campaigns have been ineffective in the prevention of such deaths. To obtain a better understanding of the factors associated with bathtub drownings, a retrospective ...

In experiments on isolated kidney and liver mitochondria, it is shown that oleate hydroperoxide induces a much smaller increase in the controlled respiration rate and DeltaPsi decrease than the same concentrations of oleate. Palmitate appears to be less efficient than oleate but more efficient than oleate hydroperoxide. In all cases, ...

The article reviews and critically evaluates the available evidence to determine whether the current recommendations for the management of infants born through meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) should be maintained. Authors provide evidence-based recommendations regarding the benefits of amnioinfusion prior to delivery, oral suctioning of the newborn prior to delivery ...

OBJECTIVES: Previously, we found a clear decrease in the incidence of radiation-induced myeloid leukemia in C3H/HeMs mouse caused by caloric restriction (CalR). In this report, CalR before and after irradiation was examined to determine whether they exert different effects on the prevention of radiation-induced myeloid leukemogenesis and the consequent extension ...

Under the new cervical insufficiency postulate, the final common pathway theoretically may be influenced by multiple interventions including not only cerclage, but also antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, or progesterone. Since the late 1970s, accumulating evidence has implicated intrauterine infection as a cause of preterm labor. The use of antimicrobial therapy for ...

OBJECTIVE: To present our innovative surgical method for prevention of early preterm delivery in women with cervical dilatation and membrane herniation. STUDY DESIGN: A woman in the 24th gestational week, with membrane herniation due to a 2-3 cm dilatation of the cervix, is presented. The surgical technique for occlusion and ...

Napkin dermatitis is a common condition that occurs in otherwise healthy infants. It causes discomfort to infants, anxiety to parents and caregivers and contributes to the load on the health care system. A large variety of napkins, both disposable and non-disposable, are available. Evidence is required to assist carers and ...

Identification of an electrophysiologic sign before defecation can prevent fecal soiling in infants. To identify such a sign, the contractile activity of sigmoid colon was recorded percutaneously in 48 healthy infants. The recorder was equipped with a digital clock synchronized to the recorder so as to set off an alarm ...

Increasing antibiotic resistance requires the development of new approaches to combating infection. Virulence gene expression in vivo represents a target for antibiotic discovery that has not yet been explored. A high-throughput, phenotypic screen was used to identify a small molecule 4-[N-(1,8-naphthalimide)]-n-butyric acid, virstatin, that inhibits virulence regulation in Vibrio cholerae. ...

Dysnatremias are among the most common electrolyte abnormalities encountered in hospitalized patients. In most cases, a dysnatremia results from improper fluid management. Dysnatremias can occasionally result in death or permanent neurological damage, a tragic complication that is usually preventable. In this manuscript, we discuss the epidemiology, pathogenesis and prevention and ...

We determined the incidence of both malaria and asymptomatic parasitaemia in infants under the age of 3 months within the framework of a longitudinal cohort study in Lambaréné, Gabon, between December 2002 and July 2004. Of 878 infants who were included at birth, we identified malaria in three infants and, ...

At the start of the 20th century, 15% of all infants in England and Wales died in the first year of life. Newman's classic work Infant mortality, published in 1906, identified the causes of these deaths, the significance of the period immediately after birth, the social problems underlying mortality, and ...

A high proportion of NG2 in the adult rat spinal cord is saline-soluble and migrates slightly faster than intact NG2 on SDS-PAGE, suggesting that it represents the shed ectodomain of NG2. In the injured cerebral cortex, much of the overall increase in NG2 is due to the saline-soluble (shed), rather ...

OBJECTIVE: We have evaluated the efficacy of the selective cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor, rofecoxib, for the prevention of experimental colitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To induce colitis BALB/c mice received 5% dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) in their drinking water continuously for 7 days. Rofecoxib (2.5-10 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) was administered throughout ...

The subject of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is hardly new and yet remains an every day challenge to clinicians, mainly neonatologists and child neurologists. However, technological advances in neuroimaging do help in the diagnosis, but prevention of hypoxic-ischemic insults, ability to change the course of the disease, and treatment of the ...

Restricting means for suicide is a key element in suicide prevention strategies of all countries where these have been introduced. Preventing deaths from analgesic overdoses is highlighted in the National Suicide Prevention Strategy for England. The problem of self-poisoning with the prescription-only drug co-proxamol (dextropropoxyphene plus paracetamol) has received attention ...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate healthcare seeking behaviors of mothers for themselves and their infants in the Bekaa Valley, Lebanon, to identify attitudes and beliefs towards the preventive healthcare of infants and to assess whether a healthcare-based intervention program would be accepted by the population. METHODS: Ninety-two interviews were ...

The "Back to Sleep" campaign has dramatically decreased the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome; however, its sequelae of deformational plagiocephaly have today reached epidemic proportions. In the last decade, we have learned to distinguish deformational plagiocephaly clinically from craniosynostosis, thereby preventing its unnecessary surgical correction. Primary care providers must ...

Infant kidnapping in healthcare facilities has been sharply reduced since the 1990s when educational programs and tagging systems were introduced. However, infant abductors in recent years have changed their methods of operation to meet improved nursery safeguards. In this updated report, the author warns of some new dangers posed by ...

PURPOSE: Gallstone formation is a common problem in neonates on prolonged courses of total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The authors hypothesized that the use of cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK), given at the time of TPN administration, would prevent gallstone formation in a high-risk group of patients with TPN. METHODS: A prospective, randomized, blinded, ...

Control of aquatic-stage Anopheles is one of the oldest and most historically successful interventions to prevent malaria, but it has seen little application in Africa. Consequently, the ecology of immature afrotropical Anopheles has received insufficient attention. We therefore examined the population dynamics of African anopheline and culicine mosquitoes using operationally ...

Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is a genetically and phenotypically diverse syndrome. Key management issues involve early diagnosis by ensuring that appropriate samples are taken at the point of hypoglycaemia, prevention of recurrent hypoglycaemia, and detailed characterisation of the clinical, biochemical, and genetic features of each case. Infants with persistent diazoxide resistant ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess usefulness of in utero meconium suctioning using endoscopic approach. Materials and METHODS: In utero meconium suctioning under direct endoscopic visualization was successfully performed in 11 fetuses in whom thick meconium was detected upon rupture of the membranes. A gas-sterilized flexible fiberoptic scope with an operational channel was ...

Kernicterus, thought to be due to severe hyperbilirubinemia, is an uncommon disorder with tragic consequences, especially when it affects healthy term and near-term infants. Early identification, prevention and treatment of severe hyperbilirubinemia should make kernicterus a preventable disease. However, national epidemiologic data are needed to monitor any preventive strategies. Recommendations ...

BACKGROUND: Distraction-resisting force is generated in the soft tissues and callus during limb lengthening. Monitoring this force may offer a method of studying the behaviour of soft tissue and detecting the distraction osteogenesis related problems, and help to prevent complications. Changes in the post distraction period have not been previously ...

By keeping the levels of Skp2 and Cks1 low during G(1) progression, APC/C(Cdh1) prevents unscheduled degradation of SCF(Skp2) substrates and premature entry into S phase. Thus, APC/C(Cdh1), a ubiquitin ligase involved in mitotic exit and maintenance of G(0)/G(1) phase, directly controls SCF(Skp2), a ubiquitin ligase involved in the regulation of ...

Q fever, a worldwide zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii, can be transmitted from animal reservoirs to humans by the inhalation of infected aerosols. We investigated the epidemiology of Q fever in the Bouches-du-Rhone district of southern France, particularly the role of wind and rainfall in C. burnetii transmission. During the ...

Ximelagatran (Exanta (TM)) is the first oral agent in a new class of anticoagulants called direct thrombin inhibitors. Most of the available evidence regarding venous thromboembolism is from studies focusing on its prevention after major orthopedic surgery. Ximelagatran's efficacy is comparable to that of warfarin and low-molecular-weight heparin in this ...

Coalition staff, leaders, and members need training to promote coalition building and maintenance as well as ongoing technical assistance. The Coalition Technical Assistance and Training Framework uses a 6-step process to diagnose coalition strengths and challenges and provide a prescription for action. Re-evaluation after a specified time period helps determine ...

We have developed a disposable plastic introducer sheath for use with a flexible endoscope during intraventricular procedures. The sheath is composed of a thin polypropylene tube passing through the center of a plastic stopper. The tube serves as a sheath through which the fiberscope is introduced into the ventricle. The ...

Delirium is a frequent complication in older patients in the ICU and often persists beyond their ICU stay. Delirium in older persons in the ICU is a dynamic and complex process. There is a high prevalence of pre-existing cognitive impairment in patients who are admitted to the medical ICU. This ...

Neonatal candidemia is poorly understood and is a leading cause of nosocomial infectious mortality in the nursery. Prevention of candidemia has been difficult, although a combined approach of antifungal prophylaxis and targeted empirical therapy may eventually reduce morbidity and mortality. Multicenter prospective testing of an integrated approach to early diagnosis ...

Limitations in existing studies of the epidemiological aspects of refraction are attributed to both technical and statistical procedures. Early influences of ocular parameters on refraction are identified accordingly as prematurity and may or may not be involved. Attention is paid to familial and genetic influences, and infants and toddlers are ...

Maternal immunisation could help to prevent the 2-3 million neonatal and early infant deaths that occur in the developing world each year. Determining the causes of neonatal and early infant deaths in developing countries is difficult as most occur at home. However, it is likely that at least half are ...

OBJECTIVE: Stillbirth affects a large portion of the population and results in mortality rates comparable to those of preterm delivery and sudden infant death syndrome combined. Despite the large burden, little information is available to offer patients regarding etiology, treatment or prevention for a subsequent pregnancy. METHODS: We surveyed a ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of coasting to prevent ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) with i.v. albumin and to determine if different timing of gonadotropin coasting would affect the IVF outcomes. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: University hospital-based IVF program. PATIENT(S): One hundred sixty-two women undergoing IVF treatment cycles who were considered ...

OBJECTIVES: The goals of this study were to identify the socioeconomic influences that may lead to newborn abandonment and the attributes common to individuals who abandon their infants, to develop an understanding of the legislative issues affecting the abandonment of newborns by state, and to describe an emergency care program ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of the International Classification of Diseases-based Injury Severity Score (ICISS) to detect preventable deaths, and to compare the performance of trauma care facilities. METHODS: For 2 years, from 1997 to 1998, 131 trauma deaths and 1,087 blunt trauma inpatients ...

Metropolitan Methodist Hospital, a 279-bed facility, had an electronic infant security system frequently in need of repairs. The vendor became increasingly difficult to locate, and so the decision was made to replace the system. A literature search of vendors and agencies supporting hospitals in the prevention of infant abductions; solicitation ...

An adult Harpy Eagle (Harpia harpyja) attacked and killed an infant collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) at a site in eastern Amazonia. The eagle appeared to have been prevented from removing its prey immediately by surviving members of the peccary herd. Circumstantial evidence suggests that a set of specific factors, including ...

There are different approaches for the repair of congenital choanal atresia. A stent is usually inserted in the nostrils to prevent restenosis. We describe a case of an infant who was presented with recurrent choanal stenosis and was managed by a stent made of reinforced silicone rubber tracheal tube. The ...

The fission yeast septation initiation network (SIN) triggers the onset of septum formation and cytokinesis. SIN proteins signal from the spindle pole body (SPB), to which they bind in a cell cycle-dependent manner, via the scaffold proteins sid4p and cdc11p. cdc11p becomes hyperphosphorylated during anaphase, when the SIN is active. ...

The contraceptive vaginal sponge was developed as an alternative to the contraceptive diaphragm. Unlike the diaphragm, the sponge can be used for more than one coital act within 24 h without the insertion of additional spermicide, and it does not require fitting or a prescription from a physician. We conducted ...

There is no consensus regarding which type of endotracheal tube or method of fixation should be employed in neonates. We use oral endotracheal tubes held in place by a flange tied to a bonnet. In three very preterm infants the ligatures holding the bonnet to the flange caused pressure necrosis ...