Sixty years ago, the excessively high rates of maternal and infant mortality in this country posed a major social problem. A series of prospective surveys designed and carried out by the U.S. Children's Bureau established that many of these deaths were related to the poor condition of the mother and ...

First-time mothers who had a high salivary number of Strep. mutans [greater than or equal to 10(6) colony-forming-units (c.f.u.) per ml] were selected. Every second mother was given a special preventive programme to reduce her salivary level below 3 x 10(5) c.f.u. per ml. Where a reduction of Strep. mutans ...

Lacerations of major vessels have been associated with use of the Veress needle and sharp trocar for laparoscopy. A death caused by puncture of the aorta during insertion of a Veress needle is reported. Deaths from major vessel laceration can be prevented by using proper technique for inserting the needle ...

Hearing loss in infants has severe, lifelong consequences. The critical period for speech and language development is from birth to age two, so every effort must be made to diagnose hearing problems early. Several simple screening and testing procedures can be carried out in a normal office visit. The use ...

Malaria prophylaxis is relative, not absolute, but can provide much protection. Travellers must take prophylactics regularly while in malarious areas and for one month thereafter; despite doing so, they may still develop malaria. For areas without chloroquine-resistant malaria, chloroquine, 300 mg base weekly, or proguanil, 100-200 mg daily, are preferred. ...

Three newborn infants are reported who developed severe non-ketotic hypoglycaemia (blood glucose less than 1.1 mmol/l; 19.8 mg/100 ml) within 6 hours of birth. All had inappropriately raised plasma insulin concentrations for the level of glycaemia, and required high rates of glucose infusion (less than 15 mg glucose/kg per minute) ...

A thoracolumbar gibbus is an uncommon but potentially dangerous feature of achondroplasia. In a series of unselected South African Negro achondroplasts, nine out of 17 had an abnormality of this type. In contrast, only one girl out of 20 affected individuals of European or mixed ancestry had a gibbus. It ...

Low doses of the synthetic steroid betamethasone can be effective in preventing neonatal RDS. Administration during the 48 hours immediately before delivery of infants between the 26th and 34th weeks of gestation is optimally effective. The article provides guidelines for this approach, describes its hazards, and discusses possible ways by ...

Aspiration of meconium by the fetus at or near delivery may be associated with high infant morbidity and mortality. The meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is often preventable, yet cases of MAS continue to occur. This paper describes the pathophysiology of MAS. The development of MAS involves passage of meconium by ...

Fibromuscular intimal thickening begins to occur early in the pediatric age, with or without lipid deposition. Fatty streaks also appear first in infant. Fatty streaks occur almost always in close association with intimal thickening. Some fatty streaks remain unchanged as those seen in the ascending aorta. Intimal thickening and lipid ...

Use of opium for sedating infants in the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan causes a grave public health problem. Among the infants hospitalized for opium overdosage, 22 were studied in detail, and their major clinical picture is presented in this paper. The effect of opium use on the nutritional status ...

Summary In this paper the allegation that, when using the Chandrasekar-Deming technique with two independent enumeration systems to record the incidence of vital events and migrations, each individual system misses the same type of event is investigated. If this correlation bias were to occur frequently enough, it could result in ...

Our experience with nitrogen-free analog therapy of these disorders indicates that these compounds are adequate nutritional supplements which are non-toxic and which promote mental and somatic growth. They prevent or reduce hyperammonemia for varying periods of time in three of these disorders, but as yet have not prevented hyperammonemic coma ...

During the past 20 years there has been a great increase in the understanding of deranged physiological mechanisms in certain groups of newborn infants that were, in the past, at high risk for death or major handicap. Much information of direct clinical relevance has come from the study of experimental ...

Sixteen accidental deaths of infants occcurred in Wayne County (Detroit) during 1974-1975 as a result of unsafe sleeping environments. Thirteen of these deaths resulted from different modes of asphyxia, two were due to falls, and one drowned. Differential diagnoses are pointed out. It is estimated that over 600 infants die ...

The influence of shear mixing on the in vitro dissolution properties of several experimental capsule formulations containing lubricants was investigated. The studies were carried out in 2.8-liter laboratory V-blender equipped with a high-speed intensifier bar, using nitrofurantoin and procainamide hydrochloride as active drugs, powdered lactose and starch as excipients, and ...

This is the second paper in a series of papers concerned with the relevance of infant therapy to the treatment of adults. The detailed presentation of a case of infant therapy illustrates our thesis that (1) early failures in mutual holding lead to a distortion of the body image, to ...

A double blind clinical trial of oral ritodrine for prevention of premature labour was conducted in 38 primigravidae in whom the internal os of the cervix was one or more fingerbreadths dilated at 28 to 32 weeks gestation. The results suggest that oral ritodrine may not be effective in preventing ...

Pilot-error accidents have dominated accident statistics consistently from the 1940s to the present. Sanders and Hofmann (3) found that three factors from Cattell's Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF) significant differences (p less than 0.05) between pilot-error accident groups and were used to correctly classify 86% of the aviators tested ...

Comparative experiments were made on blood samples collected with and without addition of a potent fribinolysis-blocking agent in newborn infants aged up to 12 h. Prevention of the in vitro fibrinolysis resulted in a diminished frequency of an abnormal euglobulin clot lysis time, but there was no significant difference in ...

The effectiveness of an electrosonic denture cleansing system and a commercially available denture soaking agent was studies. An experimental sample of 32 edentulous patients was evaluated for presence of plaque and calculus on their dentures before and after the introduction of two different cleaning methods. Comparisons of plaque scores between ...

Infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) are at risk for an altered developmental course beginning with physiologic alterations in utero. This article describes physiologic and behavioral factors that impact the fetus and newborn infant and may have long-term developmental consequences. A clinical reasoning process to support development optimizes the outcomes of ...

POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION (PPD) strikes one in eight women.1 Mothers of premature infants are at especially high risk for PPD because of the amount of stress involved in a premature birth and in caring for the infant in the NI CU. The mother is struggling with loss of a "normal" birth ...

Zubrzycki, Leonard (Temple University, Philadelphia, Pa.) and Earle H. Spaulding. Studies on the stability of the normal human fecal flora. J. Bacteriol. 83:968-974. 1962.-The results of two series of stool cultures show that members of the genus Bacteriodes constitute the most numerous group of bacteria in the normal human adult ...

In 14,501 deliveries at one hospital there have been no maternal deaths. Several factors have contributed to this eight-year record:1. Immediate availability of blood and liberal use in anemia and in abnormal bleeding has prevented deaths from hemorrhage.2. Antibiotics and early ambulation have reduced infections.3. Spinal anesthetics reduce hemorrhage and ...