BACKGROUND: The low expression polymorphism of the MAOA gene in interaction with adverse environments (G × E) is associated with antisocial behaviour disorders. These have their origins in early life, but it is not known whether MAOA G × E occurs in infants. We therefore examined whether MAOA G × ...

Neonatal seizures constitute the most frequent and distinctive neurological symptom in the neonatal period. Seizures in the neonatal period differ considerably from those observed later in life with respect to their aetiological profile and clinical presentation. In addition, the aetiological profile in preterm infants is different from that seen in ...

Apnea of prematurity is a common disorder of respiratory control among preterm infants, with potentially serious adverse consequences on infant development. We review the capability for automatically assessing apnea risk and predicting apnea episodes from multimodal physiological measurements, and for using this knowledge to provide timely therapeutic intervention. We also ...

The present study examined psychological adjustment in parents of infants with congenital anomalies (CAs), focusing on the interval from the disclosure of the diagnosis to six months after the infant's birth and considering the effects of the parent's gender and the timing of diagnosis (pre- vs postnatal). Within-group diversity was ...

Vitamin D deficiency is a major worldwide public health problem affecting people of all ages, from infants to the elderly. Of particular concern is the high incidence of vitamin D deficiency in women during pregnancy and lactation, leading to the exposure of the growing fetus/infant to inadequate levels of vitamin ...

Exclusive breastfeeding of newborns, a practice recommended by WHO, is hindered in many countries by practices such as prelacteal feeding (feeding other foods before breast milk is fed to infants). This paper describes maternal and infant characteristics and trends over time associated with early neonatal feeding (ENF) in Bangladesh. The ...

Epidemiological research has indicated a relationship between infant formula feeding and increased risk of chronic diseases later in life including obesity, type-2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The present study used an infant rhesus monkey model to compare the comprehensive metabolic implications of formula- and breast-feeding practices using NMR spectroscopy to ...

Abstract Background and Objective: Until 2010, newborns at our institution were bathed in the nursery at approximately 2 hours of life. In May 2010, infant baths were delayed until at least 12 hours of life. Infants are now bathed in the hospital room with parents' participation and are placed skin-to-skin ...

The basic human experience of the atrocities in the first half of the 20th century has significantly strengthened the recognition of human dignity and human rights for all born people at the political level. Therefore, the Charter of the United Nations in 1945 and its Universal Declaration of Human Rights ...

Question As a family physician who frequently attends deliveries and follows up with neonates, parents often ask me if they can provide their newborns with pacifiers in order to calm infants down, reduce crying, and improve sleep. Is pacifier use safe in the first month of life? Answer While pacifiers ...

OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for neonatal mortality, focusing on factors related to assistance care during the prenatal period, childbirth, and maternal reproductive history. METHODS: This was a case-control study conducted in Maceió, Northeastern Brazil. The sample consisted of 136 cases and 272 controls selected from official Brazilian databases. The ...

This paper examined the generational recurrence of low birthweight (LBW) among first-born singletons using a statewide maternally-linked birth dataset. An intergenerational dataset was created by linking 2005-2009 to 1960-1997 Virginia resident live birth data. Maternal information from the recent birth cohort was linked to infant information in the historic birth ...

The authors report a case of a preterm infant at 29 weeks of gestation who gradually developed a Chiari malformation Type I (CM-I) with hydrocephalus due to a premature unilateral fusion of the posterior intraoccipital synchondrosis. Brain ultrasonography results in the 1st week of life were normal. Follow-up ultrasonography showed ...

AIM: To examine in-hospital infant feeding practices, focusing on initiation and prevalence of breast milk expression and to describe the proportion of women having a breast pump immediately after birth. METHODS: Postpartum women were recruited from three hospitals in Melbourne, Australia between 2009 and 2011. Inclusion criteria: having had a ...

Cyanobacterial blooms are becoming potent agents of natural selection in aquatic ecosystems because of their high production of some toxins and increased frequency in recent decades with eutrophication and climate change. Maternal exposure to the toxic Microcystis aeruginosa significantly increased the intrinsic rates of population increase, average life span, and ...

Background: Preterm infants ≤32 weeks' gestation are increasingly being managed on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), without prior intubation and surfactant therapy. Some infants treated in this way ultimately fail on CPAP and require intubation and ventilation. Objectives: To define the incidence, predictors and consequences of CPAP failure in preterm ...

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is among the most common chronic lung diseases in infants in the US. Improved survival of preterm infants who developed BPD is becoming increasingly important because of the high risk for persistent pulmonary morbidities such as poor respiratory gas exchange, pulmonary hypertension, and excess airway expiratory resistance ...

This study evaluated the neonatal responsiveness to the odor of amniotic fluid during the first hours of life. Twenty five newborn infants born by C-section at 36-40 weeks of gestation were evaluated with 1; 5 or 25 drops of amniotic fluid at 1 hour, 3.5 hours and 6 hours of ...

The 16th century French anatomist Guillaume Rondelet will be remembered as a great naturalist and a founder of ichthyology. Little known to most is that Rondelet was a proficient anatomist and contemporary to Vesalius and in fact, both studied anatomy under Johannes Guinter. Even less known is that he established ...

Apneic neonatal seizures can present as apparent life-threatening events. We report a newborn with unexplained episodes of apnea associated with cyanosis and desaturation, starting on the first day postpartum. Biochemical tests were normal. Central nervous system infections as well as abnormalities of upper airways and cardiovascular system were excluded. Brain ...

Early-onset epileptic encephalopathies (EOEEs) are characterised by epileptic seizures beginning in the first months of life, abnormal background EEG activity, and are associated with severe developmental delay and poor prognosis. Mutations and deletions in the STXBP1 gene are associated with Ohtahara syndrome, also known as "early infantile epileptic encephalopathy". We ...

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that administration of indomethacin prophylaxis before 6 hours of life results in a lower incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) compared with administration after 6 hours of life, and that the effects of early prophylaxis depend on gestational age (GA) and sex in very low birth ...

Globally 40 % of deaths to children under-five occur in the very first month of life with three-quarters of these deaths occurring during the first week of life. The promotion of delivery with a skilled birth attendant (SBA) is being promoted as a strategy to reduce neonatal mortality. This study explored ...

BACKGROUND: Indomethacin has vasoactive properties in cerebral and systemic vascular beds, and it improves cerebral autoregulatory ability. We speculated that tocolytic indomethacin will improve cerebral autoregulatory ability in the very preterm infant in early postnatal life. METHODS: Eighteen stable preterm infants gestational age (GA) 25.3-29.6 weeks, birth weight (BW) 660-1430 ...

Infants born preterm have increased risk for learning disabilities yet we lack assessments to successfully detect these disabilities in early life. We followed 23 full-term and 29 preterm infants from birth through 24 months to assess for differences in and stability of learning abilities across time. Measures included the Bayley-III ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and blood glucose variables during the first 96 hours of life in preterm infants. STUDY DESIGN: Preterm infants with IVH grade 3-4 (n = 70) were compared with matched infants of similar gestational age and birth weight, but with no ...

Adults tend to like individuals who are similar to themselves, and a growing body of recent research suggests that even infants and young children prefer individuals who share their attributes or personal tastes over those who do not. In this study, we examined the nature and development of attitudes toward ...

To analyze the correlation between breastfeeding in the first hour of life with neonatal mortality rates. The present study used secondary data from 67 countries, obtained from the Demographic and Health Surveys. Initially, for data analysis, Spearman Correlation (95% CI) and Kernel graphical analysis were employed, followed by a Negative ...

Neonatal tetanus is still prevalent in developing countries such as India. Generally, neonatal tetanus is seen in babies of unimmunized mothers beyond the second day of life. A neonate presented to us on the 4th hour of birth with a periumbilical ulcer. The baby's antenatal and birth history was uneventful. ...

Je-Hyan Lee et al. have published a study on cystatin C concentrations in the first 30 days of life in 127 pre-term and 119 term neonates in this edition of Pediatric Nephrology, thereby closing a knowledge gap of detailed cystatin C concentrations beyond 72 h of life by day of life ...

BACKGROUND: Although the association between latitude and asthma prevalence has been studied to a certain extent, its influence on the magnitude of the association of risk/protective factors with recurrent wheeze in infants has never been reported. METHODS: The adjusted odd ratios (aOR) of various risk/protective factors for recurrent wheeze from ...

Interest in determining the quality of life of children and adults is now considered a priority. This is a result of a shift in thinking with greater transparency in finding out not only the health outcomes, but also the personal burden of illness and life satisfaction for the individual. However, ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Preterm infants are deprived of the normal intrauterine exposure to maternal melatonin and may benefit from replacement therapy. We conducted a pharmacokinetic study to guide potential therapeutic trials. METHODS: Melatonin was administered to eighteen preterm infants in doses ranging from 0.04-0.6 micrograms/kilograms, over 0.5-6 hours. Pharmacokinetic profiles ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the characteristics of strabismus in infants who underwent cataract surgery with and without intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. DESIGN: Secondary outcome analysis in a prospective, randomized clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS: The Infant Aphakia Treatment Study is a randomized, multicenter (n = 12), clinical trial comparing treatment of aphakia with ...

Preterm birth affects 8-10% of human pregnancies and is a major cause of long-term disability. Individuals who are born very preterm, especially if they develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), have an increased risk of impaired lung function in infancy, childhood and adulthood, and an increased risk of respiratory illness. Our aim ...

Background:While the immaturity of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) at birth in preterm newborns is known, their development during the first few months of life remains unclear.Methods:Blood monocytes of preterm newborns (gestational age = 24-36 weeks) were obtained every two weeks when possible in order to ...

AIM: To study health, well-being in daily life, educational level and socio-economic status in adulthood in moderately premature infants and the relationship to gender and socio-economic status at birth. METHODS: Prospective long-term follow-up study of a cohort of infants with a gestational age between 32 and 37 weeks and term ...

The gut microbiota is essential to human health throughout life, yet the acquisition and development of this microbial community during infancy remains poorly understood. Meanwhile, there is increasing concern over rising rates of cesarean delivery and insufficient exclusive breastfeeding of infants in developed countries. In this article, we characterize the ...

Objective. To determine if a positive result on pneumography, diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), or nontreatment of those diagnosed with GERD with antireflux medications predicts an increased recurrence risk of apparent life-threatening event (ALTE) over the first 4 weeks of follow-up. Methods. Secondary analysis of a prospective, observational study ...

Early life events play a key role in the development of adult diseases. Survival is promoted by the developmental adaptation to environment although advantage in the short term implies a long-term cost with regard to the development of adult morbidities. This is particularly true for the infant born prematurely as ...

OBJECTIVE: To characterize growth, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and bone mineral content (BMC) longitudinally in healthy infants fed breast milk (BM), cow's milk formula (CMF), or soy formula (SF) during the first year of life. STUDY DESIGN: Infants were assessed at age 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. ...

Vesicles and pustules in the neonate can be due to common or life threatening conditions. Recognizing key clinical features and understanding when and how to workup the various different vesiculopustular eruptions that occur in the neonatal period is vital. A rapid diagnosis of an infectious cause of a neonatal vesiculopustular ...

Are there some newborn infants whose short- and long-term care costs are so great that treatment should not be provided and they should be allowed to die? Public discourse and academic debate about the ethics of newborn intensive care has often shied away from this question. There has been enough ...

This study examines mortality in the North American (N.A.) population of silvered leaf monkeys (Trachypithecus cristatus) maintained in Association of Zoos and Aquarium's zoos. Understanding the causes of death associated with mortality rates (MR) can highlight relative susceptibility to intrinsic/extrinsic factors and differences between age and sex classes. Overall, life ...

The composition of the microbiota associated with the human ileum and colon in the early weeks of life of two preterm infants was examined, with particular emphasis on the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium members. Culturing work showed that bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the ileostomy changed over time, compared with the colostomy ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between antenatal factors and cause-specific risk of death in a large area-based cohort of very preterm infants. STUDY DESIGN: The ACTION (Accesso alle Cure e Terapie Intensive Ostetriche e Neonatali) study recruited during an 18-month period all infants 22-31 weeks' gestational age admitted to neonatal ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare hospitalization and medication use during the first year of life in preterm-born and term-born infants. STUDY DESIGN: Data for this retrospective cohort study were obtained from the linked PHARMO-Netherlands Perinatal Registry cohort. From this linked birth cohort, preterm infants (<37 weeks) born between 2004 and 2007 were ...

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is defined as the involuntary retrograde passage of gastric contents into the esophagus with or without regurgitation or vomiting. It is a frequently experienced physiologic condition occurring several times a day, mostly postprandial and causes no symptoms. These infants are also called 'happy spitters'. GER disease (GERD) ...

The differential diagnosis for the infant presenting with an apparent life-threatening event (ALTE) is broad. Toxic ingestions are a relatively uncommon cause of an ALTE, although several over-the-counter, prescription, and illicit drugs have been implicated. We present 2 cases of ethanol intoxication in infants as a previously unreported cause of ...

The genetics of primate life histories are poorly understood, but quantitative genetic patterns in other mammals suggest phenotypic differences among individuals early in life can be strongly affected by interactions with mothers or other caretakers. I used generalized linear mixed model extensions of complex pedigree quantitative genetic techniques to explore ...