OBJECTIVE: To determine whether intra-uterine infusion of interleukin-10 prevents preterm delivery in rats treated with endotoxin. METHODS: Pregnant rats underwent implantation of uterine catheters and were randomly assigned to receive intrauterine infusion of either normal saline, 50 microg lipopolysaccharide endotoxin, or 50 microg lipopolysaccharide with 500 ng interleukin-10 administered either ...

OBJECTIVE: A number of cognitive biases have been identified relevant to persecutory thought (e.g. exaggerated self-serving bias). Moreover, findings of increased depressed mood in conjunction with high levels of self-esteem have contributed to theories of persecutory ideation (e.g. Bentall, Kinderman, Kaney, 1994). Using a nonclinical sample, the present study sought ...

OBJECTIVE: We studied tubal ligations done after cesarean section in a Spanish hospital during a 20-year period, in order to analyze changes in patient characteristics and indications for cesarean delivery. STUDY DESIGN: We reviewed the clinical records, for the period from 1978 to 1997, of 1996 cases of cesarean section ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the neonatal outcome in planned vaginal delivery and planned cesarean section in term singleton pregnancies with breech presentation in a Scandinavian clinic with a high rate of vaginal breech delivery. METHODS: A retrospective study including 1050 term singleton breech pregnancies delivered at a Swedish tertiary referral center ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a relationship between birth weight (BW) and amniotic fluid index (AFI) existed for term patients with intact membranes and, if so, whether it could predict macrosomia and intrauterine growth retardation. STUDY DESIGN: Two hundred thirty-one eligible women at term (37-42 weeks' gestation) had an AFI between ...

OBJECTIVE: There is significant controversy about the risks related to attempted vaginal birth after cesarean and the implications for informed consent of the patient. Recent data suggest that women who deliver in hospitals with high attempted vaginal birth after cesarean rates are more likely to experience successful vaginal birth after ...

OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of promoting a trial of labor after prior cesarean birth in a community hospital. STUDY DESIGN: A 4-year prospective cohort study was conducted of all patients who had prior cesarean births (N = 1481). A comparison of outcomes was performed between ...

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to analyze the statistics on cesarean delivery rates and the factors that have led to a reduction in these rates. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective analysis was done of delivery statistics from a 10-year period, January 1, 1989, to December 31, 1998. We investigated the changes made ...

We show that gamma-->p-->pi(+)n in the threshold region is an excellent candidate for measuring the leading parity-violating pion-nucleon coupling h((1))(piNN) to an uncertainty of 20% if it has a natural size from dimensional analysis. The conclusion is based on a large unpolarized cross section, a new low-energy theorem for the ...

BACKGROUND: Fetal chylothorax is associated with elevated perinatal mortality. Development of mediastinal shift with significant lung compression before 35 weeks' gestation needs treatment. CASE: A 24-year-old gravida 2, para 0 presented at 26 weeks' gestation with a fetal pleural effusion with a mediastinal shift and abnormal Doppler velocimetry indices in ...

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to find the incidence and clinical implications of peripartum hysterectomy in our department and to identify women at risk to improve treatment before resorting to hysterectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the period 1981-1996, cases with peripartum hysterectomy among a total of 70,546 deliveries ...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this report was to study the perinatal outcome of singleton breech presentation in nulliparous women who delivered after 37 weeks, either vaginally or by cesarean section, and whether by elective surgery or emergency, and to identify the indications for cesarean sections. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This is ...

We present a rare case of acute epidural hematoma in a newborn infant with congenital hydrocephalus that was related to Chiari II malformation. The hematoma was attributed to the application of excessive suction with a vacuum extractor during cesarean section. The clinical characteristics of neonatal epidural hematoma were analyzed after ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare maternal and neonatal outcomes in elective cesarean vs. attempted vaginal delivery for breech presentation at or near term. METHODS: We reviewed the maternal and neonatal charts of all singleton breech deliveries of at least 35 weeks' gestation or 2000 g delivered between 1986 and 1997 at our ...

A woman presented at 33 weeks gestation with reduced fetal movements and a nonreactive nonstress test. Fetal ultrasound examination revealed a peculiar unilateral arm tremor. At emergency cesarean section, performed for fetal indications, a 1,672-gm male infant was delivered requiring intubation for feeble respiratory effort. After delivery the neonate was ...

OBJECTIVE: A new micro-histological method of assessing the sulfated glycosaminoglycan (S-GAG) content in unstained histological sections of articular cartilage was developed and used to study the effects of orally administered Diacerhein (DIA) on joint cartilage in an ovine model of osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: Twenty adult, age-matched Merino wethers were subjected ...

Cesarean section rates and outcomes in Fiji have not been previously reported in the literature. Between 1986 and 1996, Fiji's cesarean section rates rose 2.5%, from 9.4% to 11.9%. Labor dystocia (33%), repeat cesarean (18%), and "fetal distress" (17%) were the most common indications for performing c-sections. A retrospective case-control ...

For routine noncontrast CT examinations of the head, we compared the radiation doses of infant patients aged no more than two years old, with those of "adults" defined as any patient whose weight was greater than 40 kg. Data were obtained for 23 infants, and an equal number of "adults," ...

The mechanisms by which antenatal glucocorticoids facilitate postnatal circulatory function in preterm infants are uncertain but may be related to augmented angiotensinergic functions. To test the hypothesis that the effects of glucocorticoids on postnatal cardiovascular and sympathetic activity are mediated via the renin-angiotensin system, we studied the effects of AT(1) ...

Small animal patients may need to be anesthetized in the periparturient period for emergency, nonobstetric reasons, elective ovariohysterectomy, or cesarean section. In each case, the physiologic changes in the dam must be accounted for in designing an anesthetic protocol, but the requirements of the fetuses will be different. Subsequent to ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is an increased incidence of persistent pulmonary hypertension in neonates delivered by cesarean, with or without labor, compared with those delivered vaginally. METHODS: We did a computerized retrospective review of 29,669 consecutive deliveries over 7 years (1992-1999). The incidences of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the ...

We treated a case of primary fetal hydrothorax with hydrops. A pleuroamniotic shunt catheter inserted at 30 weeks accomplished resolution of hydrops and was maintained until cesarean delivery at 34 weeks with no need for further prenatal intervention. At age 9 months, the infant showed no effusion or pulmonary compromise.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze cervical dilatation patterns among women with uterine rupture by means of a mathematic model and to use the results to determine optimal intervention criteria. STUDY DESIGN: This was a case-control review that compared a case patient group of 19 women with ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether obstetricians with high rates of induction for the indication of fetal macrosomia had higher or lower cesarean section rates. STUDY DESIGN: Data were analyzed from 1432 deliveries with birthweights > 4000 g. Four physician populations were identified: a faculty service and three groups of private practitioners ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pregnancy characteristics, methods of delivery, and neonatal outcomes of fetuses affected by osteogenesis imperfecta. METHODS: We reviewed medical records of 1016 individuals whose cells were sent to the University of Washington Collagen Diagnostic Laboratory between 1987 and 1994 for confirmation of diagnoses of osteogenesis imperfecta. Information ...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the influence of a lean prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) on pregnancy outcome in women with mild preeclampsia. STUDY DESIGN: A matched cohort design was used. A total of 99 pregnant women with mild preeclampsia and a nonobese prepregnancy BMI (22-28 kg/m2) were matched 1 : 1 ...

AIM: To investigate the safety of vaginal delivery for term breech fetuses in a tertiary-care hospital of Pakistan. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of all live singleton breech deliveries at or beyond 37 weeks of gestation, at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from January 1988 to December 1995. ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether increased maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) level at 15-20 weeks' gestation is a marker of adverse outcomes in women with placenta previa at delivery. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of singleton pregnancies complicated by placenta previa, diagnosed sonographically, and confirmed at delivery. All women had ...

The aim of this study was to compare the markers of neutrophil activity in healthy adults with those in healthy neonates in relation to the method of delivery. The following parameters were studied: absolute neutrophil count, neutrophil adherence to nylon fiber, NBT reduction, and neutrophil phagocytosis of latex particles. The ...

In some cases of shunt malfunction in pregnant women the symptoms can be so severe and occur so early that not only the mother but also the baby is threatened. In such a situation the close co-operation of a neurosurgeon and a gynaecologist is mandatory. Both conservative and surgical treatment ...

OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for low birth weight (LBW) among live births by vaginal delivery and to determine if the disappearance of the association between LBW and socioeconomic factors was due to confounding by cesarean section. METHODS: Data were obtained from two population-based cohorts of singleton live births in ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the delivery outcomes in term diabetic patients without a prior cesarean delivery to those attempting vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC). STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective chart review study was performed of singleton pregnancies complicated by class A-2-R diabetes who delivered at > or = 37 weeks from 1991 ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine if the interval from a previous delivery or cesarean to the next conception differs between patients with abnormally adherent placentas as compared to those with normally implanted placentas. METHODS: We identified all histologically confirmed placentas--accreta, increta, and percreta--at our hospital from 1992-1999. Subjects were excluded for primigravidity ...

OBJECTIVE: The vaginal birth after cesarean delivery rate is calculated with a denominator equal to the number of all women who give birth after a previous cesarean delivery, including those who are not candidates for a trial of labor. We evaluated the impact of adjustment for noncandidates for a trial ...

OBJECTIVE: To look into all cases with previous one cesarean section who were cared for and delivered at Armed Forces Hospital, Riyadh, between January 1990 and December 1998, to determine its prevalence, final method of delivery, and outline measures of reducing its incidence. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of hospital records of ...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of malpresentation among preterm births and to evaluate the clinical significance of malpresentation as a predictor of neonatal complications in preterm delivery. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted comparing 692 nonvertex preterm deliveries of singleton births (24-36 weeks) to 4685 vertex preterm deliveries. Women ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a policy of elective cesarean delivery for suspected fetal macrosomia on the incidence of brachial palsy and on the cesarean delivery rate. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a retrospective assessment of a policy that recommends cesarean delivery for macrosomia ...

OBJECTIVE: We determined neonatal survival and morbidity rates based on both fetal (stillborn) and neonatal deaths for infants delivered at 22 to 25 weeks' gestation. STUDY DESIGN: Two hundred seventy-eight deliveries at 22 to 25 weeks' completed gestation were analyzed by gestational age groups between January 1993 and December 1997. ...

OBJECTIVE: To review all cases of cesarean section in the primigravid mother delivered at the Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital between January 1996 and December 1997. To determine its incidence, describe the clinical indications, outcome and highlight areas of improvement in an attempt to reduce the rate of cesarean section. METHODS: ...

A 33-year-old woman underwent a myomectomy via coelioscopy and then showed 5 years later a uterine rupture at the 32nd week of amenorrhea. The rupture was diagnosed after the echography, while there was no peritoneal maternal patency nor foetal consequence. After a cesarean and an uterine repair, the recovery of ...

Before the mid-1980s, repeat cesarean section was the usual method of delivering all patients who had a previous cesarean section. With cesarean section rates exceeding 20% in the 1980s, a concerted effort to reduce this high rate was formulated in all military teaching hospitals. One proposed method to decrease the ...

The objective of this study was to observe the position dynamics of the T-shaped intrauterine device (IUD) in the uterine cavity, from insertion to 90 days of use. IUD position was evaluated in 214 women by vaginal ultrasound, measuring the IUD-endometrium, IUD-myometrium, and IUD-fundus distances. The 90th percentile of the ...

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to quantitatively estimate the effect of a rapid introduction or withdrawal of on-demand epidural analgesia on the cesarean delivery rate. STUDY DESIGN: MEDLINE and meeting abstracts were searched for studies reporting the cesarean delivery rate immediately before and after a rapid change in the availability ...

The incidence of abnormal fetal thyroid function with maternal Grave's disease is about 2-12%. The development of larger fetal goiters can complicate labor and precipitate life-threatening airway obstruction at delivery. A case is presented of a large stable goiter confirmed by sonography, which unexpectedly resolved by the time of parturition. ...

An index of transient mechanical birth trauma (TMBT), consisting of the presence or absence of molding, cephalohematoma, subconjunctival hemorrhage, body bruising, facial bruising, petechiae, forceps marks, diminished arm movements, and sensitivity to sudden position changes, was measured on a convenience sample of 196 healthy newborns. Six dimensions of the Neonatal ...

BACKGROUND: Uterine rupture is a catastrophic obstetric complication, most often associated with a preexisting cesarean section scar. Although a vaginal birth after a cesarean is considered safe in modern obstetrics, it is not known whether repeated VBACs increase the risk of rupture, or whether the first VBAC proves the strength ...

A multigravida patient with polyarthralgia and eruptions on the head and fingers was seen at 6 weeks' gestation. No histological examination was performed before the current pregnancy. She developed severe early onset preeclampsia associated with swelling of the knees and increased cutaneous nodules, biopsies of which revealed multicentric reticulohistiocytosis. At ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate perioperative risk factors affecting neonatal survival after cesarean section. Data from 807 cesarean-derived litters (3,908 puppies) was submitted by 109 practices in the United States and Canada. Survival rates immediately, two hours, and seven days after delivery were 92% (n=3,127), 87% (n=2,951), ...

OBJECTIVE: We sought to test the hypothesis that vaginal delivery compared with elective cesarean delivery results in improved neonatal outcome in fetuses with a known isolated ventral wall defect. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a retrospective chart review. RESULTS: Between 1989 and 1999, we identified 102 infants with a confirmed antenatal ...

BACKGROUND: In China the cesarean section rate increased significantly during the past four decades. This study examined the frequency and indications of cesarean birth in Shantou, a southern city in China. METHODS: An analysis was conducted of the medical records of 1922 women who had cesarean deliveries at Shantou City ...