In infants who are victims of abuse, fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spinous processes are likely to be the result of violent shaking. While initial radiographs may appear normal, subsequent studies may reveal extensive ossification within the adjacent soft tissues. These abnormalities are subtle and easily overlooked, in part ...

Four infants, three premature and one term, developed serious bony injury from parent- or caretaker-administered passive exercises. In the three infants born prematurely, the exercise program was prescribed by neonatal intensive care unit staff before discharge; in the fourth infant, the babysitter initiated the program. In each case the passive ...

The present investigation was based on the files of the Boards of Traffic Accident Investigation of insurance companies with regard to those fatal motor-car accidents in Finland during the period 1972-1979, where the driver or front seat passenger had died. The analysis concerned a total of 1197 fatalities. In collisions ...

Iatrogenic injury is the most common cause of vascular insufficiency in infants; cardiac catheterization, arteriography and monitoring procedures are often implicated. Loss of limb is rare, but limb shortening is a frequent complication. The diagnosis is usually obvious; pulses are absent, and the extremity is cold, pale or mottled, and ...

Traumatic femoral epiphyseal periostitis is a rare complication of breech delivery by cesarean section. The clinical course and management of a case of distal femoral periostitis recently encountered by the authors is discussed.

This clinical case study extends the literature on behavioral treatment of self-injury to an intellectually normal infant with spina bifida and diminished sensitivity to pain. After treatment by attention-play periods plus an aversive tasting substance applied to the injured finger, severe biting of the index finger was eliminated and the ...

The aim of the presented research was: 1. to analyse the causes and effects of accidents that occurred on the Polish Ocean Lines ships in 1975-1980 at mooring manoeuvres. 2. Issuing certain prophylactic recommendations. The material of the research was information contained in the 95 accident record cards and in ...

The unusual occurrence of spasticity at birth with symmetrical thalamic damage was found in a male infant delivered at 36 weeks' gestation following an episode of traumatically induced premature labor at 32 weeks. The infant was found to be spastic in flexion with increased stretch reflexes, depressed primitive reflexes, and ...

Recent significant improvements in the antenatal diagnosis of fetal malformations has created many legal dilemmas. This has also stimulated reconsideration of the role of tort law as a vehicle for compensating infants for antenatal injuries. The Zagreb group has been studying this problem for the last 4 years and present ...

Adult patients with primary basilar impression were four times more likely to have a history of birth injury than a control group. Distortion of basicranial synchondroses during birth is suggested as a possible mechanism and, in association with hindbrain herniation and arachnoid adhesions, may contribute towards the development of syringomyelia.

We have examined a pair of eyes from a normal, full-term infant who died at 8 days as a result of accidental injury. Eyes were obtained immediately after death, fixed, and sectioned for light microscopy. Results from both eyes were substantially the same. The macular region was still drastically immature ...

In a study of 49 children between the ages of 8 and 14 months, parents were surveyed with a written questionnaire and a follow-up phone interview to determine the utilization of baby walkers and the frequency and severity of baby walker injuries. Most respondents (86%) placed their children in various ...

The use of infant walkers within a large prepaid pediatric group practice was investigated. Of 195 patients (age range, 5 to 15 months) surveyed during a three-months) surveyed during a three-month period, 150 patients (77%) used infant walkers. Of those, 47 patients (31%) had suffered mishaps. These included closed head ...

The labours of 8 patients which resulted in the birth of babies with brachial plexus injury were studied. Four of the mothers were Black, 1 was Asian and 3 were White. Seven had instrumental deliveries. All babies were above average birth weight. Shoulder dystocia occurred in 7, with 5 of ...

Aircraft accidents with survivors were examined to determine the relative risk of mortality for unrestrained infant passengers vs seat-belted adult passengers. The crude relative risk was estimated to be 7.1, based on US data, and 7.4, based on worldwide data. More refined estimates allow for possible effect of seat location ...

A postmortem examination early during the investigative period of the murder of a young law enforcement officer on the edge of the Kansas Turnpike led to the development and application of a technique for the preservation of evidence by a visiting consultant. This resulted in the construction of a life-sized ...

Factors associated with injury in the first year of life were examined using data on a random sample of infants in eight regions in the United States. By 1 year of age, 8.6% of the 4,989 infants surveyed had had an injury for which medical care was sought, although serious ...

Course holding by cyclists and moped riders includes both steering alongside a course and stabilising the vehicle. Inability to hold course may lead to conflicts with other road users. To design safe bicycle and moped facilities, and to consider the safety of those existing, knowledge about performance during course holding ...

A morphologic sequence of progressive hepatic injury is demonstrated in an immature infant who received TPN for 148 days. Because immature infants are susceptible to multiple pathophysiologic insults, it is presently impossible to isolate a single etiologic agent responsible for hepatic dysfunction. It is important for physicians caring for immature ...

Thirty infants with intractable diarrhea of infancy (IDI) underwent small bowel biopsies in order to determine the extent and duration of small intestinal mucosal injury. The onset of the persistent diarrhea occurred prior to 3 months of age and continued for an average of 48 days prior to investigation. In ...

The development of glucoamylase activity was compared to that of disaccharidase in the small intestinal mucosa of infants and children. By the age of one month, infants have glucoamylase and disaccharidase levels comparable to those of young adults, indicating that young infants may be able to digest and absorb starches. ...

Recent reports from the Canadian Pediatric Society's Nutrition Committee(1-5) have re-examined issues concerning the feeding of infants, and recommendations have been presented.In an article reviewing a similar report by the Nutrition Committee of the American Academy of Pediatrics, Woodruff(6) refers to the art of infant feeding and the science of ...

In a study of over 2,000 consecutive live births, 243 newborns (12%) suffered birth trauma to the eye and its adnexa. Two hundred twenty-one cases (11%) had multiple retinal hemorrhages. Severe ocular accidents by forceps delivery were seen in the form of hyphema, Purtscher's retinopathy, corneal edema, facial palsy, and ...

The domestic bathtub is an important site for infant drownings. A total population study of drowning and near-drowning accidents involving Honolulu infants has enabled the risks to be specified with greater detail. A series of seven consecutive bathtub immersion accidents is presented. The "at risk" profile comprises highly mobile families ...

I have reviewed some experimental studies which deal with the issue of the infant's control over environmental events, the infant's joy when it discovers that an external event is contingent upon its activity, and the corresponding trauma of being unable to influence, predict or comprehend an event which the infant ...

A total of 171 untrained, unacclimatized, and unanesthetized rats were used to evaluate the effects of sedentary and work-induced hyperthermia on the incidence of mortality and cellular injury, 24 h postexposure. Cellular injury was defined as serum transaminase activity (SGPT and SGOT) exceeding 1,000 IU/l (heatstroke levels). Both the percent ...

1089 patients treated for head injuries at the Unversity of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, are analysed. Seventy-two percent of them were males. The age group 20-30 years was most vulnerable, accounting for 32% of the total. Road traffic accidents were responsible for a staggering 80% of the total. Most of ...

Five cases of progressive cribriform and zosteriform hyperpigmentation are described. The following criteria were fulfilled: (1) uniformly tan cribriform macular pigmentation in a zosteriform distribution; (2) a histologic pattern that consisted of a mild increase in melanin pigment in the basal cell layer and complete absence of nevus cells; (3) ...

Sixteen cases of neonatal cold injury, five of them fatal, were seen in the winter of 1974-75. The affected infants, who weighed from 2.5 to 3 kg. had developed symptoms when the ambient termperature was below 10 C. Few of them were referred as cases of hypothermia. Refusal to eat ...

Gastrografin (methylglucamine diatrizoate) enemas were carried out in 2 newborn infants with meconium ileus. Evacuation was slow and incomplete. Both patients died within 72 hours following enemas from bowel necrosis, perforation and peritonitis. Although it is not possible to implicate Gastrografin directly as the cause, it is suggested that it ...

Deaths from injury occurring during a recent 10-year period at the Birmingham Accident Hospital were compared with those occurring during a similar period 15 years earlier. Reliable comparisons were not possible because of changes in policy that tended to reduce the delay in getting badly injured persons to hospital. The ...

This study is concerned with a group of normal children. It reports a correlation between the condition of a baby at birth, as recorded by a modified Apgar scale, and a future history of accidental injury before age three. Various other behavioural characteristics were also associated with having scored relatively ...

In this paper, census data were used to assess the effectiveness in birth delivery of obstetricians and general practitioners.though the data reported require some qualification and additional research, preliminary results indicate that general practitioners report approximately three times more birth injuries and/or malformations (than do obstetricians) at birth. Both groups ...

The problem of the accuracy of current data regarding prognosis of brachial plexus palsy in the newborn infant was studied by means of a retrospective review of hospital records, letters to parents of affected infants, and follow-up examinations of available children. Only 11 cases of mild upper plexus injuries were ...

Birth injury to the spinal cord secondary to traction forces during delivery is a common but frequently undiagnosed disorder. The injury usually affects the cervicodorsal junction, with both extradural hematoma and direct cord damage at that level. Clinical findings of a paraplegic infant with abdominal breathing are sometimes obscured by ...

The subject of perinatal injury to the spinal cord is briefly reviewed. Recognized causative factors are traction on the infant's trunk during breech delivery, rotational stresses applied to the spinal axis, traction on the cord via the brachial plexus in shoulder dystocia, and hyperextension of the fetal head in breech ...

All deaths from road accidents in certain areas and periods were studied. Analysis of 224 deaths to car occupants from collisions between cars and lorries showed that such accidents were the commonest cause of death for car occupants on motorways and link roads. The impacts were such that relatively poor ...

Bacillus subtilis A spores were injured by exposure to heat treatments of 110 to 132 C. Injury was demonstrated by the inability to form colonies on fortified nutrient agar (FNA) unless the medium was supplemented with CaCl(2) and Na(2) dipicolinate (CNA). A preliminary heat treatment fully heat-activated the spores, was ...

Variations in mortality attributed to birth injury and atelectasis in the 10 years 1958-67 have been investigated for each county borough of England and Wales. It became evident that diagnostic difficulties in separating these two causes must have been such that for statistical purposes they should be combined in a ...

Uncertainty among parents and health professionals about what toddlers should be eating has resulted in advice from the Infant and Toddler Forum.