We report the MDCT findings of a 17-month-old girl with Cantrell´s pentalogy, a rare congenital disease characterized by several defects in the ventral thoracoabdominal wall including ectopia cordis, and, in this patient, associated with tetralogy of Fallot. This case provides an example of the utility of a wide volume in ...

Hepatitis B virus infection is an important public health problem worldwide and eliminating mother-to-infant transmission is important to decrease the prevalence of chronic HBV-infection. Although, immunoprophylaxis given at birth largely prevents mother-to-infant transmission, perinatal HBV viremia has been reported in HBsAg(-) newborns born mainly to HBeAg(+) women in endemic areas. ...

Transient neonatal pustular melanosis is mostly found in full-term black infants. It is a benign and self-limited disease, and the etiology is still unknown. We present a full-term female neonate with multiple vesiculopustular and pigmented macular lesions found immediately after her birth. A skin biopsy showed vesicles consisting of intracorneal ...

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of repeated courses of antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) on foetal growth. We studied 94 infants exposed to 2-9 courses of ACS. Mean gestational age (GA) at first exposure was 29 and at birth 34 weeks. Exposure data were retrieved from case record files. ...

Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is a rare, chronic, autoimmune bullous dermatosis that is caused by autoantibodies against the noncollagenous terminus of the α chain of type VII collagen, resulting in decreased anchoring fibrils in the lamina densa. It classically presents with skin fragility and trauma-induced blisters that are particularly extensive ...

To investigate changes in rates of cerebral palsy (CP) by birth weight, gestational age, severity of disability, clinical subtype and maternal age in the North of England, 1991-2000. Data on 908 cases of CP (816 singletons, 92 multiples) were analysed from the prospective population-based North of England Collaborative Cerebral Palsy ...

In a previous randomised controlled trial, we found that glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition in 102 very low birthweight (VLBW) infants decreased both the incidence of serious infections in the neonatal period and the risk of atopic dermatitis during the first year of life. We hypothesised that glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition in VLBW ...

Exposure to fine particles (PM2.5) during pregnancy has been linked to lower birth weight; however, the chemical composition of PM2.5 varies widely. The health effects of PM2.5 constituents are unknown. We investigated whether PM2.5 mass, constituents, and sources are associated with birth weight for term births. PM2.5 filters collected in ...

Since the invention of pulse oximetry by Takuo Aoyagi in the early 1970s, its use has expanded beyond the perioperative care into neonatal, paediatric and adult intensive care units (ICUs). Pulse oximetry is one of the most important advances in respiratory monitoring as its readings (SpO(2)) are used clinically as ...

There is a substantial genetic component for birth weight variation. We tested 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IGF2, H19, and IGF2R genes for associations with birth weight variation in 342 mother-newborn pairs (birth weight 2.1-4.7 kg at term) and 527 parent-newborn trios (birth weight 2.1-5.1 kg) across three ...

To detect factors associated with greater risk of death in infants after an apparent life-threatening event (ALTE). This cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive and analytic study evaluated infants younger than 12 months who had a sudden event of cyanosis, pallor, hypotonia or apnea and were seen in the emergency department of a ...

We describe a term infant without any features of congenital infection, who presented with respiratory distress at birth. Respiratory distress persisted despite change of antibiotics, and chest radiography showed bilateral diffuse patchy infiltrates. Congenital infections screening obtained on the 10th day of life was reported positive for syphilis. The infant ...

In the current study, we aimed to examine the associations of low birth weight with retinal vascular caliber and vascular fractal dimension during early adolescence. A population-based study of 12-year-old schoolchildren (2353/3144 [75.3%]) recruited from a random cluster sample of 21 schools. Birth weight, birth length and head circumference were ...

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common intestinal emergency among premature infants. Risk factors in premature infants include immature intestinal immunity and an intestinal microbiota dominated by hospital-acquired bacteria. Some probiotics have been shown to decrease the incidence of NEC in premature infants. Among term infants, NEC is rare. However, ...

The aim of this study was to determine the influence that maternal redox status, between 30 and 36 weeks of healthy human pregnancy, has on birth weight. Ferric reducing potential (FRP), extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) activity and erythrocyte reduced glutathione (eGSH) concentration were measured as antioxidant indicators, and serum malondialdehyde ...

A few recent studies have investigated the relationship between birth weight and digitally derived placental dimensions, and no standardised methodology has been used. The aims of this study are to compare manually derived placental measurements with those derived digitally and to establish the relationship of birth weight to the placental ...

To investigate possible associations of maternal antenatal depression, anxiety and self-esteem with negative neonatal outcomes controlling for the effects of demographic covariates and health behaviour in a Hungarian sample. A population-based monitoring system was established in 10 districts of health visitors in Szombathely, Hungary, covering every woman registered as pregnant ...

The purpose of this article is to provide new empirical evidence linking migration of Mexican households to the USA with infant health outcomes. By using new data for Mexico, the Encuesta Nacional de la Dinamica Demografica 2006, this research focuses on the effect of migration on birth weight. Multivariate logistic ...

OBJECTIVES: Few studies have described the survival of low-birth-weight infants weighing less than 1.5 kg at operation for a cardiac malformation. Our goal was to determine if body weight at surgery affects survival. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study using outcome data from the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium between ...

This cross-sectional study explored the predictive utility of head circumference (HC) and crown-heel length (CHL) as surrogates for identifying birth weight < 2500g (LBW) and < 2000g (VLBW) in an inner-city community with predominant non-hospital births in Lagos, Nigeria. The accuracy of HC and CHL in detecting LBW infants was ...

Clinical epidemiological studies suggested a link between fetal growth conditions and later coronary heart disease (CHD) in adult life. However, no such studies have been conducted in a Chinese population. We investigated the association between various birth characteristics and CHD occurrence in a Chinese cohort. Retrospective cohort study. Peking Union ...

Several studies have shown the month of birth effect on birth weight and height of children. The mechanism of this phenomenon is not fully explained. Using data from Warsaw hospitals, the influence of four climatic factors (temperature, sunlight, humidity and rainfall) on birth outcomes was studied. The sample consisted of ...

The aim of the study was to assess neonatal birth weight (BW) differences between inland and littoral Croatia, to identify BW groups with most pronounced differences, and possible variations in the rate of BW > or = 4000 g between Sibenik area and the rest of littoral (counties with access ...

Adverse birth outcomes, such as preterm birth and low birth weight, have serious health consequences across the life course. Socioeconomic disparities in birth outcomes have not been the subject of a recent systematic review. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on the association of socioeconomic ...

Comprehensive birth weight analyses of single primiparous infants of Samoan, Caucasian, Chinese, Filipino, Hawaiian/Part Hawaiian, Japanese racial ethnic groups. Sampling of intrauterine growth designed to reflect antecedent intra- and extra-environmental factors and insure uniform racial-ethnic data for any later genetic and phenotypic birth weight modeling. Based upon predetermined relevant gestational ...

We report the intact surviving case of a newborn with a birth weight of 412 g delivered from an active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) mother with antiphospholipid syndrome. A review of the literature revealed that our infant is the lowest surviving birth weight in newborns from SLE mothers to date.

To determine the (1) incidence of peripheral blood glucose (PBG < 40 mg/dL) in infants within 2 hours of birth and (2) validity of using maternal and infant risk factors and/or infant signs/symptoms of hypoglycemia as a screen for PBG < 40 mg/dL. Descriptive study with a convenience sample of ...

There is growing interest in the possible association between maternal exposure to air pollutants and reproductive outcomes, particularly birth weight and gestational duration. Four systematic reviews of data were published in 2004-2005, but the wide variability of methods and results among the different studies produced conflicting conclusions. This study was ...

To determine the relationship between birth size and later QOL for Chinese people. Birth data of 1074 subjects were obtained from obstetric birth records of Peking Union Medical College Hospital. All subjects are interviewed face to face with the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey scale by trained investigators. Linear regression model ...

The acculturation effect of immigrant women on birth outcomes varies by race. We examined birth outcomes of three groups of births for the period 1995-2004, USA births to the USA-born Korean mothers, USA births to the non-USA-born Korean mothers, and births in Korea. In singleton USA births to both Korean ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of preterm low birth weight on bone mineral content in adolescence. In 2007 to 2008, data on adolescents were obtained for study, including 16 females and 25 males who were born preterm (≤37 weeks' gestation) between October 1, 1989, and ...

The objective of this study was to measure anthropometric and haemoglobin level and nutrient intake of expecting women in the third trimester of pregnancy and to relate the birth weight of neonates as outcome of pregnancy. A cross sectional study was performed in Zahedan City. Two hospitals situated in the ...

Deciduous teeth play an important role in the proper alignment, spacing and occlusion of permanent teeth. The calcification of deciduous teeth begins during the fourth prenatal month, and calcification of all deciduous teeth begin by the end of the sixth prenatal month. The eruption date varies and is genetically influenced. ...

Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields has been linked to adverse birth outcomes. This study evaluated whether maternal residential proximity to power transmission lines was associated with adverse birth outcomes. Live singleton births in the Montréal and Québec census metropolitan areas from 1990 to 2004 were extracted from the Québec birth ...

OBJECTIVES: Postnatal survival rates of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants are well established for each birth weight or gestational age category. These figures do not differentiate viable infants who survive the first few days of life from extremely immature ones who die shortly after birth. This study aimed to ...

This interventional study was done to determine the effect of parenteral amino acid supplementation on weight change, biochemical effect and incidence of sepsis in preterm low birth weight newborns during their hospital stay. It was carried out during the period of June 2006-May 2007 in the Newborn unit of a ...

Three visual habituation studies using abstract animations tested the claim that infants' attachment behavior in the Strange Situation procedure corresponds to their expectations about caregiver-infant interactions. Three unique patterns of expectations were revealed. Securely attached infants expected infants to seek comfort from caregivers and expected caregivers to provide comfort. Insecure-resistant ...

Genetic factors and the prenatal environment contribute to birth weight. However, very few types of study design can disentangle their relative contribution. To examine maternal genetic and intrauterine contributions to offspring birth weight and head circumference. To compare the contribution of maternal and paternal genetic effects. Mothers and fathers were ...

Both intra-uterine and early childhood development contribute to the risk of developing CVD in adult life. We therefore evaluated the maternal, placental, fetal, birth, infant and childhood determinants of cardiovascular risk in a cohort of Afro-Jamaican children. The Vulnerable Windows Cohort is a longitudinal survey of 569 mothers and their ...

To examine the role of androgens on birth weight in genetic models of altered androgen signalling. Cambridge Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) database and the Swedish national screening programme for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). (1) 29 girls with XY karyotype and mutation positive complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS); (2) 43 ...

BACKGROUND: The primary goal of this study was to compare the size and depth of the internal jugular vein (IJV) and the subclavian vein (SCV) in infants under general anaesthesia. A secondary goal was to determine the correlation of weight, height, head circumference, and age to the size and depth ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the predisposing factors, frequency and mortality of pneumothorax (PTX) among the newborns hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Isfahan, Iran. METHODS: The data of 43 cases of PTX among the 738 neonates hospitalized in the NICU were analyzed retrospectively according to gestational age, birth ...

OBJECTIVE: During a study of weight faltering it was observed that infants from a minority Haredi (ultra-Orthodox Jewish) religious group showed very different growth patterns from the rest of the cohort. The authors thus set out to explore the characteristics of the community that may explain these differences. SETTING AND ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the levels of prenatal exposure to phthalate ester and PAHs and birth outcomes among 149 Japanese pregnant women. Urinary concentrations of 9 phthalate ester metabolites, mono methyl phthalate (MMP), mono ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), mono benzyl phthalate ...

Several studies report that altitude reduces birth weight. However, much remains unknown about effects in various altitude ranges and about the heterogeneity in altitude effects by fetal health endowments. This study estimates the effects of altitude in South America on the means and quantiles of birth weight and gestational age ...

Low birth weight has been associated with increased risks of mortality and/or morbidity in childhood and adulthood. Epidemiological studies suggest that maternal exposure to air pollution, especially particulate matter during pregnancy, is associated with an increased risk of delivering a low birth weight infant. The aim of this study is ...

A key policy question is whether the benefits of additional medical expenditures exceed their costs. We propose a new approach for estimating marginal returns to medical spending based on variation in medical inputs generated by diagnostic thresholds. Specifically, we combine regression discontinuity estimates that compare health outcomes and medical treatment ...

OBJECTIVE: There is evidence of increasing prescription of antidepressant medication in pregnant women. This has arisen from the recognition of the importance of treating maternal depression. This must be balanced, however, with information on outcomes for infants and children exposed to antidepressants in pregnancy. The aim of the present study ...

OBJECTIVE: Birth weight percentiles based on weekly measurements are used to assess the nutritional status of preterm infants. However, as preterm infants exhibit a rapid growth rate (up to 20 g/kg/day), their body weight can increase by 15% per week. We calculated birth weight percentiles based on daily measurements, to ...

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are primarily inherited, but perinatal or other environmental factors may also be important. In an analysis of 87,677 births from 1996 through 2002, insured by the South Carolina Medicaid program, birth weight was significantly inversely associated with the odds of ASD (OR = 0.78, p = ...