We present a case of pancytopenia in a 9-month-old infant with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) dependence due to short bowel syndrome. Bone marrow examination revealed left-shifted myeloid maturation, erythroid and myeloid dysplasia with normal iron stores. Serum copper level was 2 microm/dl (normal range 90-190 mcg/dl). After supplementation, copper levels ...

BACKGROUND: The use of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) for intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) is threatened by the spread of resistance to SP. Therefore, we studied the efficacy, safety, and tolerance of amodiaquine (AQ) or the combination of AQ and SP (SPAQ) as possible alternative treatments. METHODS: The study was performed ...

Data from 4 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials in Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam, the South-East Asian Multicountry Trial on Iron and Zinc supplementation in Infants (SEAMTIZI), were pooled to investigate the effects of iron and zinc supplementation infant growth. Infants (n = 2451) aged 4-6 mo old were supplemented with iron ...

OBJECTIVES: Primary prevention of iron deficiency requires adequate iron intake. Although recommendations exist to promote adequate intake of iron among infants through iron-rich foods and iron supplements, few studies have examined adherence to these recommendations. Our objectives were to describe the consumption of iron-rich foods, oral iron supplements, and iron-fortified ...

Iron is essential for brain development and functioning. Emerging evidence suggests that iron deficiency in early life leads to long-lasting neural and behavioral deficits in infants and children. Adopting a life course perspective, we examined the effects of early iron deficiency on the risk of schizophrenia in adulthood. To determine ...

In the early weeks of life, very low birth weight (VLBW) infants experience intense laboratory blood sampling leading to clinically significant anemia and the need for red blood cell transfusion. Although controversial, treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) and iron has been recommended to stimulate erythropoiesis; optimal dosing of EPO ...

Serum or plasma copper and ceruloplasmin concentrations are the most widely used laboratory indicators to evaluate copper status. Both indicators are decreased in moderate or severe copper deficiency. The activity of several cuproenzymes is decreased in mild copper deficiency. However, their use is limited by the nonexistence of standardized assays ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The impact of neonatal nutrition on the health status of the newborn and incidence of disease in later life is a topic of intense interest. Animal models are an invaluable tool to identify mechanisms that mediate the effect of nutrition on neonatal development and metabolic function. This ...

Stable-isotope studies in human infants and adults have shown that copper homeostasis occurs, but the contribution of the small intestine to this regulation is still not well understood. Copper first needs to be reduced to the cuprous form, most likely by Steap proteins on the apical membrane. Copper is subsequently ...

This study evaluated nutritional status linked to zinc levels in 239 randomly selected children at crèches in Teresina, Brazil, aged 3 to 6. Blood samples were collected after fasting of 10 h. Erythrocytary zinc levels were determined through flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Zinc deficiency was determined as below 40 microg ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the cost-benefit profile of reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr) with hemoglobin (Hb) alone and Hb as a component of the complete blood count (CBC) for detection and treatment of iron deficiency in 9- to 12-month-old infants. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort simulations were used to compare CHr with Hb from ...

Iron deficiency (ID) is prevalent among infants world-wide and may be more likely among infants born to women living in disadvantaged environments. A strategy to address ID in this context is to feed iron-fortified formula, but this may create risk for gastrointestinal (GI) infection. Our objective was to investigate the ...

This study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the prevalence of G6PD deficiency, the prevalence of hemolysis with enzyme deficiency and determining the severity of icterus in the hospitalized newborns in our hospital. This prospective descriptive study has been conducted on 1018 icteric newborns admitted to the Bo-Ali ...

This cross-sectional study was designed to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency among a group of infants (6 to 11.9 months) and toddlers (12 to 24 months) and to examine the relationship between dietary intake and iron status. Participants were recruited from WIC clinics in counties where the prevalence of ...

Extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) expansion in hemodialysis patients is associated with increased mortality. Attempts to remove excess fluid often result in intradialytic hypotension (IDH). Blood volume monitoring has been used to aid selection of ultrafiltration rates and dialysate conductivity to minimize IDH. Automating ultrafiltration and dialysate conductivity using the Hemocontrol ...

Cefdinir, a third-generation oral cephalosporin frequently used in pediatric populations, may cause red stools when administered with iron or products that contain iron, such as infant formula. This benign side effect is not well documented in the medical literature. We describe a 7-month-old girl who was evaluated for red stools ...

BACKGROUND: General iron supplementation to prevent iron deficiency in infants who are iron sufficient when starting supplementation may adversely affect their health. OBJECTIVE: A secondary analysis to explore the effect of iron supplementation on iron-replete (IR; Hb > or =113 g/L and S-ferritin > or =33 microg/L) or non-iron-replete 6-month-old ...

Direct evidence of CNS developmental alterations in iron-deficient anaemic (IDA) infants was obtained. Twenty 3-15-month-old IDA and 20 non-IDA infants (age and gender matched), healthy in every other respect, were studied. Complete blood and iron kinetics tests determined an IDA status. Psychomotor development was assessed through the test of Rogers ...

Intra-individual variability (IIV) refers to relatively stable differences between individuals in the degree to which they show behavioral fluctuations over relatively short time periods. Using temperament as a conceptual framework the structure, stability, and biological roots of IIV were assessed over the first year of life. Biological roots were defined ...

BACKGROUND: Micronutrient deficiencies are common during infancy, and optimal approaches for their prevention need to be identified. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to compare the efficacy and acceptability of Sprinkles (SP), crushable Nutritabs (NT), and fat-based Nutributter (NB; 108 kcal/d), which provide 6, 16, and 19 vitamins and minerals, respectively, when ...

BACKGROUND: Iron delocalization or misregulation of iron metabolism may play a critical role in the pathology of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). OBJECTIVE: To study iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation in newborn infants and to correlate non-protein-bound iron (NPBI) concentration with the severity of the post-asphyxial injury and subsequent short-term outcomes. ...

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this work was to assess the effect of severe maternal iron-deficiency anemia and nutritional status on cord blood and breast milk iron status. METHODS: We conducted a prospective observational study over a 6-month period in a teaching hospital in central India. The study population consisted of ...

Iron deficiency (ID) during early development impairs myelination and basal ganglia function in animal models. To examine the effects of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and iron deficiency (ID) without anemia on infant motor skills that are likely related to myelination and basal ganglia function. Observational study. Full-term inner-city African-American 9- ...

GOALS: To verify the occurrence of occult intestinal blood loss and iron deficiency in infants aged 9 to 12 months. STUDY: A consecutive sample of 98 infants of the Pediatric Public Health Primary Care Unit in the town of Arapongas, Parana State, Brazil was involved in this cross-sectional study. Dietary ...

This symposium focused on the window of opportunity for nutritional interventions to prevent chronic disease. Following a recommendation by the UN Standing Committee on Nutrition, 2006, the window of opportunity was defined as the period from conception to 2 years after birth. We discussed what is known and what needs ...

Infants and toddlers are particularly vulnerable to developing iron deficiency, which can cause irreversible deficits in neurodevelopment. Children at highest risk include premature and low birth weight infants, those who are fed cow's milk rather than breast milk or formula prior to age one, and those who drink large amounts ...

The aim of this study was to determine the iron status of infants who consumed porridge cooked in water with added ferrous sulphate. A total of 234 infants, aged 6-12 months, were recruited from 36 nurseries in the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea (DPRK North Korea) and randomly divided into ...

Efficient root-to-shoot translocation is a key trait of the zinc/cadmium hyperaccumulators Thlaspi caerulescens and Thlaspi praecox, but the extent of variation among different accessions and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Root-to-shoot translocation of Cd and Zn and apoplastic bypass flow were determined in 10 accessions of T. caerulescens and one ...

BACKGROUND: Can exclusive breastfeeding until six months of age maintain optimum iron status in term babies? We evaluated iron status of exclusively breastfed term infants in relation to breast milk iron and lactoferrin. METHODS: In this prospective study in Delhi, India, during the period 2003-2004 normally delivered babies of non-anemic ...

BACKGROUND: Zinc is an essential trace element for the immune system. The zinc deficiency diminishes antibody- and cell-mediated responses in man. Lymphopenia and thymic atrophy are usually the early hallmarks of zinc deficiency. Surprisingly, only scarce data are available about polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) functions in infants with zinc deficiency. We ...

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to describe the natural kinetics of serum soluble transferrin receptor (S-TfR), ferritin and reticulocyte indices in preterm neonates, and to find out whether these analytes relate to hematocrit (Hct) level in determining the need for red cell (RBC) transfusions. METHODS: During a 2-year ...

DMT1 deficiency causes microcytic hypochromic anemia due to decreased erythroid iron utilization. Anemia is present from birth. Transferrin saturation is high and serum ferritin is mildly elevated, despite liver iron overload. DMT1 deficiency must be considered in the differential diagnosis of microcytic hypochromic anemia observed in the newborn period.

Iron deficiency is widespread in infants and young children, especially in developing countries. Animal models provide convincing evidence that, despite iron repletion, iron deficiency during the brain growth spurt alters metabolism and neurotransmission, myelination, and gene and protein profiles. In the human, there is compelling evidence that 6- to 24-month-old ...

Meeting the iron requirements of infants and children is difficult, and supplementation or fortification of food with iron is often recommended. Although iron supplementation of infants and children with iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia may be beneficial, recent studies suggest that this may not be the case for those with ...

To assess dose-response relationships between severity of iron deficiency (ID) and infant social-emotional behavior. The study group was a cohort of 9- to 10-month-old African-American infants (n = 77 with final iron status classification). The infants were given oral iron for 3 months. Social-emotional outcomes included mother and examiner ratings ...

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a severe multisystem thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). Significant advances have been made in understanding the pathogenesis of TTP since the discovery of ADAMTS-13 ( A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with Thrombo Spondin-1-like domains), the enzyme that regulates the size of von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimers. The inherited ...

BACKGROUND: Little is known about how urea reduction ratio (URR) and hemoglobin (Hb) level relate as clinical performance measures (CPMs) in dialysis facilities. This study examined the relationship between these CPMs as a reflection of underlying processes. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: 47,465 records from 18,003 patients dialyzed ...

The level of gastrointestinal (GI) maturity of an individual infant is a major determinant of whether the infant will be able to meet nutritional needs by sole use of the GI tract or if parenteral means will be necessary. The GI tract is not only an organ for digestion and ...

BACKGROUND: Preterm infants are at risk of developing iron deficiency; among the iron status and hemopoiesis indices the serum transferrin receptor (sTfr) has been shown to be a useful indicator in assessing iron status, while immature reticulocyte production is regarded as an estimator of erythropoiesis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate age-related changes ...

Folate deficiency contributes to a variety of age-related neurological and psychological disorders including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The environmental neurotoxin arsenic has recently been linked with decreased neurofilament (NF) content in peripheral nerve. We examined herein, whether or not folate deprivation potentiated the impact of arsenic on NF dynamics. Arsenic ...

OBJECTIVES: Our goals were to determine whether prenatal alcohol exposure is associated with an increased incidence of iron-deficiency anemia in infancy and to compare effects of fetal alcohol exposure and iron-deficiency anemia on infant growth. We also tested whether effects of fetal alcohol exposure on growth are mediated or moderated ...

Thymus size was assessed ultrasonographically and correlated to the percentage of CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood in 32 infants with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and compared with 14 healthy control infants. The study revealed thymus atrophy in patients with PEM, especially the oedematous type, accompanied by changes in the ...

Transient, symptomatic zinc deficiency in breast-fed, low-birthweight infants is a rare, but probably underrecognized disorder hallmarked by periorificial and acral dermatitis. Unlike in acrodermatitis enteropathica, symptoms disappear when nursing ends. We report a breast-fed, preterm infant with demarcated, erythematous, and exudative patches with overlying crusts on the perioral, perianal, and ...

OBJECTIVE: To weigh benefits of oral iron supplements on infant's growth against its potential hazards. METHODS: 248 exclusively breast-fed infants aged 4-6 months were consecutively enrolled and divided into treatment group given iron containing multivitamin (TG = 198) and control group (placebo, PG = 50) given the same multivitamin but ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine zinc-protoporphyrin (ZPP) and haemoglobin levels, and to determine predictors of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) in Zambian infants. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Ninety-one women and their normal birth weight (NBW) infants were followed bi-monthly during the first 6 months of life, and iron status, food intake, malaria parasitaemia and ...

The aim of this study was to contribute to clarify the mechanism of cellular immune insufficiency occurring during iron deficiency. We studied the expression of the transferrin receptor (TfR) which is called as CD71, on the surface of T lymphocytes in infants with iron deficiency (with and without anemia). A ...

This study revealed that a Pseudomonas aeruginosa tonB1 mutant was unable to produce a mature biofilm and showed reduced swarming and twitching motilities compared with the parent strain. The tonB1 mutant was also found to produce significantly lower cell-free and cell-associated levels of the quorum sensing (QS) signal molecule 3-oxo-C12-AHL. ...

BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency is the most prevalent anemia in infants and is known to be a major public health problem. OBJECTIVE: To examine mothers' knowledge and adherence with recommendations regarding iron supplementation and assess their association with the prevalence of anemia in infants. METHODS: Data on 101 infants and mothers ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether our current practice of giving iron 18 mg daily to 6-week-old infants with very low birth weight (VLBW) was associated with increased oxidative stress markers or decreased antioxidant status. STUDY DESIGN: The study was a prospective observational study of 21 healthy VLBW infants (born at gestational ...

BACKGROUND: Adequate iron status at birth may prevent iron deficiency in early childhood. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to identify predictors of serum ferritin (SF) and serum soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) in healthy newborns and to relate these iron indexes to iron status in the first 2 y of life. DESIGN: Using ...