Normally developed thyroid function is critical to the transition from fetal to neonatal life with the onset of independent thermoregulation, the most conspicuous of the many ways in which thyroid secretions act throughout the body. A role for thyroid secretions in growth and maturation of the lungs as part of ...

Aim:  Transient fluctuations in thyroid function are well recognized in preterm infants. We wanted to assess TSH variation in babies with transient and permanent congenital hypothyroidism (CHT). Methods:  Whole bloodspot TSH data in preterm infants (<35 weeks; 2005-2010) were assessed and infants with bloodspot TSH values >6mU/l identified. Permanent CHT ...

Background: An adequate intake of iodine during pregnancy is essential for the synthesis of maternal thyroid hormones needed to support normal fetal development. This study aimed to assess the iodine status of pregnant tribal Indian women and their infants and to determine the impact of maternal iodine status on infant ...

Congenital hypothyroidism is screened for in the UK using blood spot thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) screening at 5-8 d of age. Although standards are set by the UK Newborn Screening Programme Centre, there are variations in TSH cut-offs used. The introduction of repeat screening of preterm babies at 36 weeks' gestational ...

Thyroid hormones substantially influence central nervous system development during gestation. We hypothesized that perturbations of early thyroid profiles may contribute to the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Thyroid pathways could provide a mechanism by which environmental factors that affect the thyroid system may impact autism occurrence or phenotypic expression. ...

Infacol (Forest Laboratories UK, Kent, UK) is a widely available over-the-counter preparation used to relieve colic symptoms in neonates and infants. The active ingredient is simeticone. No drug interactions with simeticone are documented in the current summary of product characteristics. The authors report the case of an infant with confirmed ...

Iodine is an essential component of the hormones produced by the thyroid gland. Thyroid hormones, and therefore iodine, are essential for mammalian life. Iodine deficiency is a major public health problem; globally, it is estimated that two billion individuals have an insufficient iodine intake. Although goiter is the most visible ...

Objectives- The purposes of this study were to determine thyroid volumes in healthy Chinese infants aged 0 to 12 months and to provide reference data for normal thyroid growth. Methods- A total of 408 healthy infants (229 male and 179 female) were enrolled in the study. The length, breadth, and ...

Transient thyroid function abnormalities in the new born which revert back to normal after varying periods of time are mostly identified in the neonatal screening tests for thyroid and are becoming more common because of the survival of many more premature infants. It can be due to factors primarily affecting ...

We describe seven infants with transient congenital hypothyroidism (CH) due to maternal thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSH-R) blocking antibodies (TRAb) identified over three decades of newborn screening for CH in Wales, UK that represents a minimum incidence of 1.6% of CH cases. Infants with transient CH due to maternal TRAb presented ...

Current United States guidelines for neonatal resuscitation note that there is no mandate to resuscitate infants in all situations. For example, the fetus that at the time of delivery is determined to be so premature as to be non-viable need not be aggressively resuscitated. The hypothetical case of an extremely ...

Decisions for critically ill infants with trisomy 18 raise thorny issues about values, futility, the burdens of treatment, cost-effectiveness, and justice. We presented the case of an infant with trisomy 18 to 2 neonatologists with experience in clinical ethics, Annie Janvier and Felix Okah, and to a parent, Barbara Farlow. ...

All screening programmes in the UK use a primary thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) screen for congenital hypothyroidism. Recent attention has been paid to aspects of screening, such as the relation between blood spot TSH levels and birth weight or gestational age. The aim of our study was to determine the ...

Nutrition in early life, growth, and subsequent health over a lifetime are significantly interrelated. The aim of this study was to assess body composition changes in exclusively breast-fed infants from birth up to 6 mo of age. An observational, prospective, cohort study was conducted. Fifty-nine full-term, healthy, exclusively breast-fed infants ...

  To evaluate the enteral feeding practice of preterm infants <32 weeks (W) gestational age (GA) or <1500 g birth weight (BW) from human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-seropositive mothers in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.   This prospective cross-sectional study included all neonatal units (NU) admitting preterm infants <32W or <1500g BW in Germany, Austria ...

Aim:  In spite of several reports of an increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in connection with bed-sharing, it is not an uncommon practice. The aim of this study was to examine bed-sharing at 6 months of age and the factors that are associated with bed-sharing. Methods:  Our cohort ...

Abstract Objective: This project describes the development of a protocol that compared issuing multi-user electric breast pumps to single-user breast pumps for Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) participants. Methods: Forty breastfeeding mothers participating in WIC who were separated from their infants ≥30 hours a week, ...

Epilepsy is a relatively common maternal complication affecting 0.3-0.5% of pregnant women. For most mothers with epilepsy, the use of antiepileptic drugs (AED) is unavoidable, even during pregnancy and lactation. Therefore, the fetus is indirectly exposed to AED via the placenta and breast milk. AED are also prescribed for female ...

Bifidobacteria in the infant faecal microbiota have been the focus of much interest, especially during the exclusive milk-feeding period and in relation to the fortification of infant formulae to better mimic breast milk. However, longitudinal studies examining the diversity and dynamics of the Bifidobacterium population of infants are lacking, particularly ...

The WHO (2001) recommends exclusive breast-feeding and delaying the introduction of solid foods to an infant's diet until 6 months postpartum. However, in many countries, this recommendation is followed by few mothers, and earlier weaning onto solids is a commonly reported global practice. Therefore, this prospective, observational study aimed to ...

This manuscript describes an innovative nurse-driven continuous quality improvement project. Infants born with congenital surgical anomalies face significant challenges within the newborn period and human milk/breast-feeding may not be viewed as a priority. In many hospitals, nurses refer families to lactation consultants for all breast-feeding assistance and support. The Transition ...

: There are many differences in diet and lifestyle across Europe that may influence the development of the infant gut microbiota. This work aimed to assess the impact of geographic area, mode of delivery, feeding method, and antibiotic treatment on the fecal microbiota of infants from 5 European countries with ...

To assess feeding practices of infants born to HIV-positive women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. These data then served as a proxy to evaluate the adequacy of current infant feeding counselling. A cross-sectional survey of infant feeding behaviours. Four clinics in greater Dar es Salaam in early 2008. A total ...

To describe fruit and vegetable (FV) feeding practices at 6 months, and to examine whether these practices predict children's FV intake at 7 years of age. A prospective, longitudinal design was adopted. The mothers completed self-reported questionnaires at 6 months and 7 years postpartum, containing questions about their child's FV ...

Describe breast- and bottle-feeding patterns and the introduction of solid feeds and sugar containing drinks to the dietary intake of a cohort of urban Aboriginal infants in the first year of life. Two hundred and seventy-four infants were recruited to a cohort study and information about infant nutrition was collected ...

To identify maternal and neonatal factors that impact response to methadone therapy for neonatal abstinence syndrome. This is a retrospective review of 128 infants that received pharmacotherapy for opiate withdrawal to identify factors associated with favorable response to methadone therapy. Maternal and neonatal data were analyzed with univariate statistics and ...

OBJECTIVE: How breastfeeding reduces the risk of childhood obesity is unclear, and 1 hypothesis pertains to the ability of breastfed infants to self-regulate. We studied whether infants' self-regulation of milk intake is affected by feeding mode (bottle versus breast) and the type of milk in the bottle (formula versus expressed ...

To compare infant and young child feeding practices in children aged 0-23 months across nine East and Southeast Asian countries. Secondary analyses of cross-sectional data from available Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS; Indonesia, Philippines, Timor-Leste, Cambodia and Vietnam), Multiple Indicator Country Surveys (Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) and Myanmar) ...

OBJECTIVE: This study explored the influence of demographic characteristics on attitudes toward the benefits of breast-feeding, approval of public breast-feeding, and the use of infant formula. Additionally, the study examined whether attitudes were related to infant feeding practices among mothers enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, ...

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (p,p'-DDT) and 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), the most stable metabolite of p,p'-DDT, are persistent organic pollutants and environmental endocrine disruptors. Infant exposure to these chemicals through breast feeding may influence children's growth, but this potential adverse effect could be complicated by the coexisting benefits of breast feeding. This ...

The aim of this study was to compare the health-related quality of life of fathers under different infant feeding type scenarios. The Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form was used to measure the health-related quality of life of 1,699 fathers, and the scores were used to look for associations with different ...

To assess feeding practices and dietary intake of healthy infants in three Brazilian municipalities. By means of a prospective study, we analyzed the food record of 7 consecutive days of an intentional sample (quota and weighted sampling) of 179 healthy infants, aged between 4 and 12 months, from the municipalities ...

Studies have shown that the early life environment affects feeding behaviour, food intake and energy balance in later life, suggesting there is a link between foetal and infant growth and the risk of metabolic disorders in adulthood. Although there is an evident epidemiological association between low birth weight and adult-onset ...

A nine-month-old female infant presented with an eruption over her face, perineal region, and upper and lower limbs. She had sparse hair growth and diarrhea. Clinical features and investigations were suggestive of hypozincemia. Therapy with zinc and weaning from breastfeeding led to resolution of the condition, confirming a diagnosis of ...

BACKGROUND: We assessed the infant feeding choices of HIV-1-infected women in rural Tamil Nadu, India, and risk factors for mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. METHODS: The study population comprised live born infants of HIV-1-infected women from the antenatal clinics of 2 public hospitals in rural Tamil Nadu, India who were enrolled ...

AIM: To obtain a better understanding of the changes in feeding behaviour from 1 to 6 months of age. By comparing breast- and bottle-feeding, we intended to clarify the difference in longitudinal sucking performance. METHODS: Sucking variables were consecutively measured for 16 breast-fed and eight bottle-fed infants at 1, 3 ...

OBJECTIVES: Little is known about the practice of introducing complementary feeding across Europe. We aim at describing times of solid introduction in healthy infants in 5 European countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between October 2002 and June 2004, 1678 healthy term infants were either breast-fed (BF) for at least 4 months ...

Breast-fed infants born small-for-gestational-age (SGA) (n = 28) were found to develop lower adiposity across early infancy, when compared with appropriate-for-gestational age infants (n = 46). The SGA infants were also found to have 2-fold higher (P < .001) levels of circulating leptin at 4 months. This paradoxical hyperleptinemia in ...

Identifying early risk factors for childhood obesity is critical, as weight in infancy and early childhood tracks to later periods. Continued bottle use - primarily from excess milk intake - is emerging as a potential risk factor for early childhood overweight. Over three fourths of US infants drink from bottles ...

BACKGROUND: Preterm infants are usually growth restricted at hospital discharge. Feeding preterm infants after hospital discharge with multinutrient fortified breast milk rather than unfortified breast milk may facilitate more rapid catch-up growth and improve neurodevelopmental outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of feeding with multinutrient fortified human breast milk versus ...

For the purposes of this paper "weaning is defined as the introduction of the first solid foods to infants". Global recommendations by the World Health Organisation (WHO) recommend that all infants be exclusively breast-fed for the first six months of life. No global recommendations have been made for formula fed ...

BACKGROUND: Complementary feeding is currently recommended after six months of age, when the nutrients in breast milk alone are no longer adequate to support growth. Few studies have examined macro- and micro-nutrient intakes from complementary foods (CF) only. Our purpose was to assess the sources and nutritional contribution of CF ...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the prevalence of breast milk feeding (BMF) of infants with congenital heart defects (CHD) during first 6 months of life, as compared with general population. DESIGN: The study is based on a subsample of the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study conducted by Norwegian Institute of Public ...

Appropriate nutrition during infancy is essential for optimal growth and development, and when solid food is introduced is recognised as important. Guidelines recommend that infants start weaning from six months. This locally-based study aimed to investigate parental decisions to start weaning. A postal questionnaire was sent to 203 families with ...

The descriptive cross-sectional study of 2,235 Korean postpartum women was conducted to explore (a) feeding types with related factors, (b) the perceived benefits of each feeding type, (c) the perceived sexuality-related barriers to breast-feeding, and (d) the perceived relative significance of breast functions. The most frequently utilized feeding type was ...

OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that resting energy expenditure (REE) would be higher after breastfeeding than after bottle-feeding. METHODS: Nineteen preterm infants (gestational age: 32 weeks) in stable condition who were nourished entirely with their mothers' breast milk were assigned randomly to feeding either by bottle or at the breast. Each infant ...

The aim of our study was to obtain data on the exposure of breast-fed infants to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and selected organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in different urban areas of the Czech Republic. The PCB and OCP levels were determined in 90 human milk samples collected in seven urban areas in ...

BACKGROUND: Faecal calprotectin has been proposed as a sensitive marker for gastrointestinal inflammation in children and adults. High levels have been reported in healthy newborns and during the first months of life; the effect of the kind of feeding on the calprotectin concentration in stools is controversial. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate ...

OBJECTIVES:: Regarding safety, we investigated the effect of prenatal probiotic and 6 months of pro- and prebiotic supplementation of infants on their hematologic values at 6 months and 2 years and factors affecting these values. PATIENTS AND METHODS:: In a prospective randomized controlled probiotic intervention trial in infants at high ...

The exclusive breast feeding rates in India at 6 months is about 46 per cent. At 6-8 months only 54 per cent of breast fed and 75 per cent of non breast fed infants are initiated into complimentary feeds. At the start of the second year of life only about ...