Breast feeding has proven benefits for many infants with inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs) but, with the exception of phenylketonuria, there are few reports in other conditions. A questionnaire, completed by dietitians and clinicians from 27 IMD centres from 15 countries (caring for a total of over 8000 patients with IMDs ...

OBJECTIVE: In high HIV prevalence resource-constrained settings, exclusive breastfeeding with early cessation is one of the conceivable interventions aimed at the prevention of HIV through breast milk. Nevertheless, this intervention has potential adverse effects, such as the inappropriateness of complementary feeding to take over breast milk. The purpose of our ...

Data were prospectively obtained from exclusively breast-fed healthy term neonates at birth and from healthy mothers with no obstetric complication to determine risk factors for excess weight loss and hypernatremia in exclusively breast-fed infants. Thirty-four neonates with a weight loss > or = 10% were diagnosed between April 2001 and ...

OBJECTIVE: Tongue tie is a congenital oral abnormality characterised by an abnormally short lingual frenulum. The majority of current medical and surgical opinion is that tongue tie rarely, if ever, causes feeding difficulties and therefore, should not be divided. With increased popularity of breast feeding in the last decade there ...

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare growth, morbidity incidence and risk factors for undernutrition between infants receiving complementary feeding early, before 3 months of age, with those receiving complementary foods after 3 months in a poor rural Malawian community. METHODS: A cohort of babies was enrolled at ...

Elimination half-life estimates for several polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/furans (PCDD/F) were calculated by modeling the blood and breast milk concentrations in two breast-fed human infants as reported by Abraham et al. (1996, 1998). Our analysis differs from that of other investigators in that we analyzed individual dioxin and furan congeners while the ...

BACKGROUND: Benefits of breast-feeding are not only limited to nutrition and sanitation in developing countries but also extend to cost-saving health care and alleviation of anxiety related to childrearing in developed countries. This study aims to elucidate factors associated with exclusive breast-feeding in Japan and use this information to achieve ...

Despite concerted efforts to encourage breast-feeding, one-third of women in the UK choose to formula feed from the onset, and 75% mothers are using formula by four months. Yet these mothers are often denied information on an appropriate formula to use, how to prepare formula correctly or how to sterilise ...

Upon hospital discharge it is not unusual for mothers of preterm infants to continue to meet all or most of their infants' nutritional needs through bottle feedings of expressed breast milk (EBM) because of infants' physiological immaturity and maternal concerns with an inadequacy of milk supply. Although for some mothers ...

Twenty-one healthy bottle-fed infants were screened monthly (1-4 months) for bifidobacteria in their stools. Bifidobacteria were detected by culture and isolates specified by PCR. Alternatively, direct PCR in undiluted fecal suspensions was carried out for detection of bifidobacteria under the cultural detection level. All infants harbored cultivable bifidobacteria throughout the ...

Many new mothers who need antidepressant or mood-stabilising drug treatment may wish to breastfeed their infants, but are hesitant to do so because of possible harmful effects of the medication on the infant. This article reviews current data on drug excretion into breast milk and the effects on the breast-fed ...

BACKGROUND: There is documented evidence of increased risk of infant mortality in formula fed infants versus breast fed babies. The hazards of bottle use for infant feeding, especially in underprivileged communities, are also well known. As the issue of bottle use is directly related to childhood survival and mortality, there ...

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the extent to which neonatal analgesia was used in Australia for minor invasive procedures as an indicator of evidence-based practice in neonatology. METHODS: A cross-sectional telephone survey of hospitals in all Australian states and territories with more than 200 deliveries per year was carried out. Questions were ...

The author, an experienced paediatric dietitian, describes what it was like breast-feeding and weaning her first baby and how she has modified her previous professional views of infant feeding in the light of her own experience. As a result, she makes some pragmatic recommendations for helping new mothers. She urges ...

PURPOSE: Little information is available on the growth and feeding patterns of First Nations children. Our goal was to assess the anthropometric status, feeding practices, and dietary intake of children born in 1994 or 1995 (n=102) and living in Walpole Island First Nation. METHODS: Information on demographic characteristics and infant ...

Here we describe a premature male infant who was accidentally given 10 mL of expressed breast milk intravenously over a 3.5-hour period. Having survived this event with supportive care, this boy was attending regular school with no obvious neurologic or learning difficulties at 6 years of age. In 1998, after ...

The study objectives were to compare the effects of an etonogestrel-releasing implant (Implanon) and a nonmedicated intrauterine device (IUD) on parameters of lactation in breast-feeding women and on the growth of their breast-fed infants over a 3-year period. Healthy lactating women (28-56 days postpartum) chose either the implant (n=42) or ...

This paper explores whether breast-feeding, mediated by lower maternal use of controlling strategies, predicts more positive mealtime interactions between mothers and their 1 year old infants. Eighty-seven women completed questionnaires regarding breast-feeding, assessing their control over child feeding and mealtime negativity at 1 year of infant age. Seventy-four of these ...

INTRODUCTION: The hormone melatonin regulates the sleep and this pineal hormone is synthesized in the organism from the amino acid tryptophan. It is known that breast-fed babies have better sleep patterns and a better entrained sleep/wake cycle than bottle-fed babies (adapted formula). OBJECTIVE: To compare the circadian rhythm of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin ...

The WHO recommends exclusive breast-feeding for the first 6 months of life. At present, <2 % of mothers who breast-feed in the UK do so exclusively for 6 months. We propose the testable hypothesis that this is because many mothers do not provide sufficient breast milk to feed a 6-month-old ...

The weaning process was investigated at two Maya sites dominated by Postclassic remains: Marco Gonzalez (100 BC-AD 1350) and San Pedro (1400-AD 1650), Belize. Bone collagen and bioapatite were analyzed from 67 individuals (n < or = 6 years = 15, n > 6 years = 52). Five isotopic measures ...

BACKGROUND: The influence of labor epidural fentanyl on the neonate is controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine whether epidural fentanyl has an impact on breast-feeding. METHODS: Women who previously breast-fed a child and who requested labor epidural analgesia were randomly assigned in a double-blinded manner to one ...

AIMS: To assess the effect of several measures of infant feeding on diarrhoeal disease, and whether these effects vary according to markers of social deprivation. METHODS: Case-control study of diarrhoeal disease cases presenting to 34 general practices in England. Controls were stratified on age group, area deprivation index for the ...

OBJECTIVES: First, to compare analgesic effects of breast-feeding versus pacifier use in newborn infants undergoing blood collection via heel sticks. Second, to compare analgesic effects of pacifier use with maternal holding versus nonmaternal holding. DESIGN: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: Normal newborn nursery at academic teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Full-term ...

The importance of breast-feeding (BF) for cognitive development has been researched widely over the past several decades. Although scholars agree that children who breast-feed are generally more intelligent, it is uncertain whether this advantage is due to BF effects or to other accompanying healthy characteristics of women who breast-feed. This ...

It is well established that methylmercury (MeHg) and mercury vapor pass the placenta, but little is known about infant exposure via breast milk. We measured MeHg and inorganic mercury (I-Hg) in blood of Swedish mothers (n = 20) and their infants, as well as total mercury (T-Hg) in breast milk ...

Several investigators have reported a relationship between maternal obesity and low rates of initiation and duration of breast-feeding. Recent research findings suggest that poor infant feeding behavior and reduced hormonal responses in the early postpartum period result in delayed lactogenesis and early cessation of breast-feeding among overweight/obese women.

OBJECTIVE: Breast-milk fortifiers recommended for premature infants are seldom available in developing countries. We describe the characteristics of growth in preterm infants under ambulatory Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) who eventually required supplemental formula because of failure to thrive with exclusive breast feeding. We evaluated the relationship between growth indices at ...

Studies of children indicate that exposure of the general population to low levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) does not result in any clinical evidence of disease, although accidental exposure to high levels either before or after birth have led to a number of developmental deficits. Breast-fed infants have ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine what proportion of newborns admitted with idiopathic non-hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia exhibit severe weight loss and hypernatremia. METHODS: The prospective study involved 115 infants >48 h old who were admitted with jaundice between July 2002 and July 2003, and had unconjugated bilirubin levels ...

We conducted a longitudinal study among an Afro-Colombian population to investigate the influence of feeding practices and child morbidity on linear and ponderal growth during infancy. We enrolled 133 children at 5-7 mo and followed them until 18 mo. Repeated anthropometric measures were taken every 2-3 mo, with monthly interviews ...

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) accumulates in the brain during the 1st and 2nd years of life. The objective of this study was to see if an increased content of DHA in breast-milk via maternal fish oil (FO)-supplementation affects mental development in term infants. one hundred twenty-two Danish mothers with a habitual ...

The Ditrame Plus project conducted in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, is aimed at the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in combining perinatal antiretroviral interventions with a systematic proposal of alternatives to prolonged breast-feeding: formula feeding from birth, or exclusive breast-feeding for 3 months then early cessation of breast-feeding. We surveyed ...

Real-time PCR and northern hybridisations were used to quantify bacterial populations in the large gut of infants. PCR primers for rapid, sensitive, high throughput detection of bifidobacteria, bacteroides, sulphate-reducing bacteria and Enterococcus faecalis, based on analysis of 16S rRNA genes were used. Bacterial populations were analysed in faeces from 40 ...

Administration of a radiopharmaceutical may result in a radiation dose to an infant due to ingestion of the radiopharmaceutical secreted in the breast milk. Following a maternal administration of Co labelled to vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) as part of a Schilling test an estimate of the absorbed dose to a breast ...

Although it is widely accepted that energy expenditure in infants is a function of feeding pattern, the mechanism behind this is not well understood. The objectives of this observational study were as follows: 1) to compare minimal observable energy expenditure (MOEE) between 2 subgroups of breast-fed infants, a BM group ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine if glyburide and glipizide are excreted into breast milk and if breast-feeding from women taking these drugs causes infant hypoglycemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied eight women who had received a single oral dose of 5 or 10 mg glyburide. Drug concentrations were measured in maternal ...

BACKGROUND: The rate of breast-feeding in Israel has increased over the last two decades but is still lower than rates in other developed countries that have taken an active role in promoting breast-feeding. OBJECTIVE: To determine breast-feeding patterns and the association between sociodemographic characteristics and breast-feeding in the Tel Aviv ...

This study assessed the choline status in newborns, infants, children, breast-feeding women, breast milk, infant formula, breast-fed and formula-fed infants. The serum free choline level was 35.1+/-1.1 micromol/L at birth and decreased to 24.2+/-1.6, 18.1+/-0.8, 16.3+/-0.9, 14.3+/-0.8, 12.9+/-0.6 or 10.9+/-0.6 micromol/L at 22-28, 151-180, 331-365, 571-730, 731-1095 or 4016-4380 days ...

BACKGROUND: The magnitude of infant antiretroviral (ARV) exposure from breast milk is unknown. METHODS: We measured concentrations of nevirapine, lamivudine, and zidovudine in serum and whole breast milk from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected women in Botswana receiving ARV treatment and serum from their uninfected, breast-feeding infants. RESULTS: Twenty ...

BACKGROUND: Mirena is a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) that provides highly effective and long-acting progestogen-only contraception. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze the possible effects of using LNG-20 microg IUS on breast-feeding performance, infant growth and infant development during the first postpartum year as compared with the ...

Hypoplasia, or glandular insufficiency, of the breasts is an infrequent cause of breastfeeding failure or infant failure to thrive. Early evaluation of the breasts of early identification of infant indicators can enable mothers to breastfeed while providing appropriate supplementation to facilitate satisfactory hydration and growth. A case report is presented ...

Breast milk consumption is the primary route of infant exposure to certain lipophilic toxicants that have accumulated over decades in maternal adipose tissue, as well as to less persistent toxicants from maternal exposure during lactation. Such infant exposures occur at a time of rapid growth and development when susceptibility to ...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the short term effect of oil supplementation of complementary food on total ad libitum consumption in breastfed infants. METHODS: Twenty infants between 6 to 10 months of age were studied in a tertiary hospital in New Delhi for 48 hours. They were given three semi-solid complementary feeds ...

There is increasing concern about the rapidly rising incidence of obesity worldwide and its impact both on mortality, morbidity and the cost of healthcare. In the last 15 years, a large volume of research has linked low birth weight to many adult diseases in humans, such as Type II diabetes, ...

OBJECTIVES: To estimate 1) the risk of candidiasis (neonatal thrush or breast infections or both) in nursing mother-infant pairs and 2) whether receipt of intrapartum antibiotics increases this risk. METHODS: Demographic and obstetric data were obtained at delivery, and telephone follow-up was obtained at 1 week and 1 and 3 ...

Exclusive breast-feeding (EBF) rates remain low despite numerous health benefits associated with this behavior. We conducted a randomized trial on the effect of lactation counseling on EBF, which controlled for the Hawthorne effect while also varying the timing of the intervention. Pregnant women attending prenatal clinics in Tema were randomly ...

OBJECTIVE: This study explored the determinants of breast-feeding practices within the first 6 months post-partum among women residing in rural Vietnam. METHODS: The study was conducted in Quang Xuong district, in the Thanh Hoa Province of Vietnam. In the first phase, 463 women were prospectively studied at weeks 1, 16 ...

Lactobacillus colonisation was examined in 112 Swedish infants. Faecal samples obtained at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks and at 6, 12 and 18 months of age were cultivated quantitatively on Rogosa agar. Lactobacilli were speciated by PCR and typed to the strain level by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). ...

Breast-feeding is the preferred method of infant nutrition for numerous reasons. However, its role in the prevention of allergic disease remains controversial. Reasons for this controversy include methodological differences and flaws in the studies performed to date, the immunologic complexity of breast milk itself and, possibly, genetic differences among patients ...