Objective:To reveal the incidence of umbilical artery catheter-related thrombosis (UACRT), the associated risk factors and the natural history of clot formation and regression.Study Design:A prospective cohort study. An umbilical artery catheter was inserted in 61 infants, who were evaluated and followed by serial duplex ultrasound studies for the development of ...

There is growing awareness that the Norwood procedure with the Sano modification is prone to early right ventricular to pulmonary artery (RV-PA) conduit stenosis resulting in systemic oxygen desaturation, increased interstage morbidity, and death. We report our experience with endovascular stent placement for conduit stenosis and compare the outcomes at ...

Aortic thrombosis is rarely observed in neonates and infants. Underlying conditions include the presence of umbilical artery catheters, thrombosed aneurysm of the ductus arteriosus, sepsis and different states of inherited thrombophilia. Treatment options include anticoagulation, thrombolytic therapy and thrombectomy. Due to the lack of large studies, neither diagnosis nor treatment ...

Little data on pediatric percent platelet aggregation (%PA) exist in the literature, particularly in cardiac patients and in response to clopidogrel. The objectives were to estimate the %PA range expected in pediatric patients and to measure the clopidogrel effect on %PA in the PICOLO (Platelet Inhibition in Children on Clopidogrel) ...

We report three infants who presented with acute gastric volvulus and recovered initially after de-torsion, but later presented with sequelae due to ischemia of gastroesophageal junction, stomach and gastroduodenal junction. The first two infants could not be fed orally or by gastrostomy tube because of microgastria and stricture of the ...

It is essential to start enteral nutrition early to preterm infants by giving small amounts of milk (preferably human milk) to ensure that metabolic homeostasis is kept stable and to limit postnatal growth retardation. Increasing feeding volumes to reach "full enteral feeding" is limited by individual feeding tolerance. Feeding intolerance ...

Neonatal gastric perforation is an uncommon but life-threatening condition, which is mainly encountered in premature infants. Primary surgical repair is the principal mode of the treatment. Gastric perforation in neonates improving with percutaneous peritoneal drainage alone has not been described previously. Therefore, an extremely low birth weight infant is presented ...

Infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis typically present at 2 to 4 weeks of age with nonbilious projectile vomiting. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is exceedingly rare in newborn infants and is scarcely reported in literature. Also, the diagnostic criteria for ultrasonographic measurements in newborn infants have yet to be determined. This report ...

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is associated with multiple congenital anomalies affecting several organ systems, including the gastrointestinal system. Pyloric stenosis and bands are known and previously reported etiologies of gastric outlet obstruction in infants with CDH. We report the first case of gastric antrum hypertrophy causing gastric outlet obstruction in ...

Gastromalacia is a postmortem autolysis of gastric tissue that can culminate in gastric perforation. This entity is well-recognized by pathologists but is rarely encountered by diagnostic radiologists. We are reporting a case of sudden unexplained infant death (SUID) in which a boy was found to have pneumoperitoneum on postmortem radiographs, ...

In this paper, potential underlying mechanisms for massage therapy effects on preterm infant weight gain are reviewed. Path analyses are presented suggesting that: (1) increased vagal activity was associated with (2) increased gastric motility, which, in turn, was related to (3) greater weight gain; and (4) increased IGF-1 was related ...

Childhood obesity is a growing problem in the United States. Parental perception of their children's weight status is a key factor that needs to be considered when developing prevention programs for preschool children. Using a randomly selected sample of participants of Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children ...

Breastfeeding, compared with infant-formula feeding, confers later protection against obesity. Leptin represents a candidate for the programming of the lean phenotype as suggested by 1) the presence of leptin in breast milk and its absence in infant formula, 2) a human study that showed a negative correlation between leptin concentrations ...

The association between low socioeconomic status (SES) and childhood obesity foreshadows lifelong inequalities in health. Insight into the causal mechanisms linking childhood adversity to long-term health could be provided by discovering when the negative SES gradient in weight emerges and what early life experiences are associated with it. SES differences ...

Numerous studies have investigated associations between early growth and future risk of obesity, but the methods used varied considerably. Different growth references or parameters can be considered. Growth references from France, the United States (the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), the Netherlands, Belgium, and the United Kingdom were compared ...

Aim: Obesity is a global, growing public-health problem. The detrimental health consequences of obesity are significant and include co-morbidities such as diabetes, coronary heart disease, and some types of cancer. To date, findings relating the A allele of the FTO variant rs9939609 to increased energy intake and risk for obesity ...

To examine the degree to which obesity during infancy, consistent exposure to secondhand smoke, and parenting (positive attention, maternal involvement, and negative control) were related to early development of wheezing in a cohort of African American premature infants at 2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months corrected age. Secondary analysis ...

BACKGROUND Early pregnancy obesity (body mass index, BMI, ≥30 kg/m(2)) carries significant health implications. This cohort study investigates the association between early pregnancy BMI and the risk of fetal and infant death in pregnancies not affected by congenital anomalies or pre-gestational diabetes. METHODS Data on singleton pregnancies delivered during 2003-2005 ...

Maternal obesity may be associated with metabolic factors that affect the intrauterine environment, fetal growth, and the offspring's long-term risk for chronic disease. Among these factors, maternal serum lipids play a particularly important role. Our objective was to estimate the influence of variation in maternal serum lipid levels on variation ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants and the development of childhood obesity in an inner-city primarily African American population. Maternal, neonatal, socioeconomic, and nutritional histories were collected for mothers with children who were 2-5 years old. Associations between Alexander and customized birthweight ...

Our objective was to test the hypothesis that intrauterine exposure to gestational diabetes [GDM] predicts childhood growth independent of the effect on infant birthweight. We conducted a prospective analysis of 28,358 mother-infant pairs who enrolled in the National Collaborative Perinatal Project between 1959 and 1965. The offspring were followed until ...

To examine the association between timing of introduction of solid foods during infancy and obesity at 3 years of age. We studied 847 children in Project Viva, a prospective pre-birth cohort study. The primary outcome was obesity at 3 years of age (BMI for age and gender ≥ 95th percentile). ...

Our objective was to examine mothers' perspectives of obesity-related health behavior recommendations for themselves and their 0-6 month old infants. A health educator conducted 4 motivational counseling calls with 60 mothers of infants during the first 6 months postpartum. Calls addressed 5 behaviors for infants (breastfeeding, introduction of solid foods, sleep, TV, ...

Objective. To estimate the contribution of obesity to maternal complications, neonatal morbidity and mortality among macrosomic births. Design. A population-based retrospective cohort design using State of Missouri maternally linked birth cohort files. Methods. Using pre-gravid body mass index (BMI), we categorized mothers of 116,976 singleton macrosomic live births as non-obese (BMI < 30) or obese ...

BACKGROUND: High birth weight is associated with adult body mass index (BMI). We hypothesized that birth weight and BMI may partly share a common genetic background. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine the associations of 12 established BMI variants in or near the NEGR1, SEC16B, TMEM18, ETV5, GNPDA2, BDNF, MTCH2, ...

Objective We aimed to study the determinants of neonatal weight loss measured on the third day of life in term-infants. Design The EDEN mother-child cohort is a prospective study that recruited 2002 pregnant women before 24 weeks of gestation in two French university hospitals. Neonates were weighed every day until ...

Our purpose was to assess early infant-feeding patterns in a cohort of low-income black mothers and to examine associations between maternal perception of infant temperament and complementary feeding (CF) before 4 months. We used cross-sectional data from the 3-month visit (n = 217) of the Infant Care, Feeding and Risk ...

Background It is categorized obesity earlier than 2 years of age as 'benign' childhood obesity. In other words, no treatment is required for this type of obesity, and its course can simply be followed without any particular intervention. In this study, we conducted to determine whether early infantile obesity is ...

Schizophrenia is associated with a modest increase in winter births as well as increased odds of being born in more densely populated and midrange latitude regions. It is unclear the degree to which these findings hold for individuals with schizotypy, defined in terms of the personality organization that is a ...

Balloon aortic valvuloplasty has become in many centers the treatment of choice for neonates with critical or severe aortic stenosis. Usual approaches both antegrade and retrograde can be problematic in preterms extremely low birth weight babies. We describe a novel approach for dilating the aortic valve in an 890 grams ...

Congenital paraesophageal hernia is rare in infants and children. This paper describes our experience with seven infants and children with congenital paraesophageal hernia with emphasis on two sisters who presented with unusually large paraesophageal hernias and herniation of most of the stomach resulting in intrathoracic gastric volvolus. The literature on ...

Our aims were to investigate whether men who fathered small for gestational age (SGA) infants themselves had lower birthweight, were more likely to be obese, have central adiposity and elevated blood pressure in adult life compared with men who fathered non-SGA infants. A total of 2,002 couples participating in the ...

Unsettled behaviour in the first few months of life is a common clinical problem, with the associated risks of postnatal depression, premature cessation of breastfeeding, long-term psychological disturbance, and child abuse. Parents of new babies complain of difficulty accessing appropriate care and receiving conflicting advice. Although organic disturbance is implicated ...

To determine the predictors of mortality in neonatal septicemia. The records of babies with culture-proven septicemia managed in a Nigerian newborn unit between 2006 and 2008 were studied using bivariate and multivariate analysis. Out of 174 babies with septicemia, 56 (32.2%) died. Outborn babies, babies with estimated gestational age (EGA) ...

The present study compares nerve growth factor (NGF) levels between preeclamptic (PE) (n=86) and normotensive (NT) women (n=105) and their associations with blood pressure and infant size. Maternal plasma NGF levels were reduced (p<0.05) in the PE group as compared to the NT group. Furthermore, NGF levels were reduced in ...

Neurodevelopmental and behavioral assessment of very low birth weight babies (VLBW) at corrected age (CA) of 2 years. 127, 110, 99 and 101 babies ≤34 weeks and ≤1500 g were followed at CA of 3, 6, 9, 12 months respectively for developmental and neurological assessment. DASII (Developmental assessment scale for Indian infants) was used ...

Objective:Many different factors are involved in the pathogenesis of preterm deliveries and among them maternal or perinatal infections and inflammatory response have the major role. Researches were carried out about resistin, which is thought to have a role in inflammatory cytokine cycle and it was shown to be associated with ...

Objectives.?Recent research indicates that there is delayed development in the more central part of the auditory brainstem in very preterm babies. We aimed to study whether this is also the case for late preterm babies. Methods.?The maximum length sequence brainstem auditory evoked response (MLS BAER) was used to study functional ...

Objective: To determine predictors of acute bilirubin encephalopathy (ABE) among term infants presenting with moderate-to-severe hyperbilirubinaemia. Methods: Babies with total serum bilirubin >15 mg/dl at the point of admission were studied in a Nigerian tertiary health facility using bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Out of 152 babies, 75 (49.3%) had ABE: ...

In this retrospective study we did a comparative analysis of the outcome of 28(+1) to 32(+0) weeks gestation babies between the State of Qatar and some high income countries with an objective of providing an evidence base for improving the survival of preterm neonates in low income countries. Data covering ...

In this prospective study, we analyzed 30 male infants with increased neonatal 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OH-P) (patients) and for comparison 52 age-matched healthy babies (control subjects) with the aim of investigating the hypothalamic-pituitary-testis axis in the first 6 months of life. Although T, FSH, and LH levels were not significantly different in ...

'Baby-talk' is common across cultures. It underpins infant vocal preferences, and helps regulate infant engagement. Its longer-term significance is unclear. In a longitudinal study, we found indications of 'sadness' in postnatally depressed mothers' baby-talk statistically mediated effects of maternal depression on offspring adolescent affective disorder.

The aim of the paper was to compare the growth of rural Croatian infants with 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth standards and to evaluate the potential preventive influence of breastfeeding on the development of obesity in infancy. Two hundred three infant-mother pairs from Baranja, an Eastern ...

Many guidelines for the prevention and management of neonatal hypoglycaemia focus on the sick infant admitted to the intensive care unit and pay scant attention to what is known about normal neonatal physiology. It is questionable whether treatment guidelines for low blood glucose levels for sick infants can be applied ...

Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis (SAO), the most common red cell membrane disorder found in the Far-East and Pacific rim, appears to be innocuous in man since it has been identified mostly in non-anemic healthy individuals. To further substantiate our previous observation that this condition might be symptomatic particularly in the neonatal ...

BACKGROUND: In 2004, the Federal Government introduced the baby bonus, a one-off payment upon the birth of a child. AIMS: To assess the impact of an increase in the number of births on maternity services in New South Wales following the introduction of the baby bonus payment in July 2004. ...

Collodion baby is a rare keratinizing congenital disorder. Although it is milder in degree than harlequin fetus, the infant is at risk for increased water loss, thermal instability, percutaneous toxicity, and infection as a result of an impaired skin barrier function. Here we report on an 11 days-old collodion baby ...

The nineteenth century saw the incorporation of technology, such as the stethoscope, microscope, and thermometer, into clinical medicine. An instrument that has received less attention in the history of the role of technology in medicine is the weighing balance, or scale. Although not new to nineteenth-century medicine, it played an ...

INTRODUCTION: Recent attention has been focussed on pregnancy outcomes in developing countries, with the publication of the World Health Organization Report 2005, Make Every Mother and Child Count and the Neonatal Survival Series from the Lancet in 2005. Scant outcome data from the smaller islands of the Caribbean exist for ...

BACKGROUND: Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) resulting from maternal rubella infection can result in miscarriages, still birth and rubella infection of the infant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern and presentation of CRS over an 8-year period as seen in the University of Port-Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), ...