Selective head cooling was used to treat infants at risk of developing encephalopathy within 6 hours as part of a practice plan. Amplitude-integrated electroencephalography and raw, single-channel electroencephalography tracings were performed continuously during cooling. Routine electroencephalography was performed intermittently during, and video electroencephalography immediately after, selective head cooling. Magnetic resonance ...

Hypocalcemia accounts for a majority of seizures in infants reporting to the emergency ward of our hospital. To evaluate the role of Vitamin D deficiency in the etiology of hypocalcemic seizures in infancy. Cross sectional hospital based study, from April 2006-March 2007. 60 infants with hypocalcemic seizures and their mothers ...

BACKGROUND: Amplitude integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) is a valuable tool for evaluating neonatal encephalopathy and identifying electrographic seizures. OBJECTIVE: To compare seizure activity and background pattern (BGP) between one-channel and two-channel aEEG recordings in full-term neonates. METHODS: The two-channel aEEG recordings (F3-P3; F4-P4) of 34 neonates with seizures were compared with ...

Pachyonychia congenita is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by gross thickening of all finger and toenails. We report an infant who had clinical features consistent with pachyonychia congenita type II, with unusual features of microcephaly, seizures, electroencephalogram abnormalities, failure to thrive, and heterochromia iridis.

We assessed the impact of age at onset of epilepsy and duration and frequency of seizures on cognitive development in children less than 3 years old. Retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data and neuropsychological testing of 33 infants with epilepsy. Developmental quotients were calculated and were correlated with age ...

Early myoclonic encephalopathy (EME) is a rare malignant epileptic syndrome. The erratic myoclonus with or without focal motor seizures, onset before 3 months of age, and persistent suppression-burst pattern in electroencephalograph (EEG) are accepted as the diagnostic criteria for EME. We report an 11 month old infant with EME which ...

To examine whether neonatal seizures are associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with hypoxia-ischemia independent of the presence and severity of brain injury seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We used multivariate regression to examine the independent effect of clinical neonatal seizures and their treatment on neurodevelopment in 77 term ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of intravenous (IV) levetiracetam in refractory status epilepticus of migrating partial seizures in infancy (MPSI). METHODS: IV levetiracetam was infused in two infants, first as a loading dose of 60mg/kg in 30min, then at 30mg/kg twice a day. Both infants were continuously monitored ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In neonates, the differentiation of stroke and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is important. Neuroimaging presents technical challenges in unstable neonates, resulting in frequently delayed or missed diagnosis of stroke. Differentiating clinical and electroencephalographic (EEG) features would assist physicians in the timely diagnosis. We sought to determine, in ...

Neonatal seizures have devastating consequences for brain development and are inadequately treated by available antiepileptics. In neonates, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an excitatory neurotransmitter due to elevated levels of intraneuronal chloride achieved by robust activity of the Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl( -) cotransporter (NKCC1). This depolarizing action of GABA likely contributes to the ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine the factors associated with posttraumatic seizure in patients under 2 years old with acute subdural hematoma (ASDH). METHODS: Twenty-one patients under 2 years old (15 males and six females) with ASDH, who were admitted to our hospital between January 2002 and ...

The consequences of febrile seizures (FSs) in infants are still a matter of debate. It is important to develop non-invasive tools to determine markers of brain function that could have predictive value for the outcome of FSs infants.Pattern visual evoked potentials (pVEPs) were recorded in 18 FS infants (mean age ...

Neonatal seizures represent a major challenge among the epilepsies vis-à-vis seizure classification, electroclinical correlation, inherent excitability of neocortex, ontogenic characteristics of neurotransmitter receptors, and responsiveness to standard antiepileptic drugs. Each of these factors renders neonatal seizures more difficult to treat, and therapy has been a vexing area for recent advances ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy, feasibility, and impact of limited-channel amplitude integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) monitoring in encephalopathic infants. STUDY DESIGN: Encephalopathic infants were placed on limited-channel aEEG with a software-based seizure event detector for 72 hours. A 12-hour epoch of conventional EEG-video (cEEG) was simultaneously collected. Infants were randomly assigned ...

Neonatal seizures are one of the most common neurological disorders in infants. However, the optimal treatment strategy for neonatal seizures remains controversial and there is little data regarding current treatment of neonatal seizures. In this study we describe the current treatment of neonatal seizures and variation in practice among 31 ...

Continuous EEG monitoring with amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) has become a part of the routine neurological care in the neonatal unit, especially in full-term infants with hypoxia-ischemia and in infants suspected of seizures. Its prognostic value after birth asphyxia is well established and seizure detection has improved with the new digital ...

To report the incidence, severity and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in premature infants with late ROP examination in Farabi Eye Hospital. In a retrospective study from January 2001 to July 2007, hospital records of premature infants who were examined later than 9 weeks after birth were reviewed ...

Liver abscess is rare in neonates. The present report concerns a preterm neonate with history of antenatal laser ablation therapy (to prevent twin to twin transfusion syndrome), who developed liver abscesses within a few days of life. Conservative treatment with antibiotics led to the normalisation of inflammatory markers, leaving an ...

N-acetylcysteine has proven to be effective in paracetamol intoxications, but there is no consensus regarding its way of administration. Here, we report a case to highlight the importance of careful management of intravenous n-acetylcysteine. A two-month old infant was seen in our paediatric emergency department due to paracetamol poisoning after ...

Glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) deficiency syndrome is a rare, treatable cause of developmental delay and seizures. It must be considered in the differential diagnosis of infants with intractable seizures. The finding of a low glucose level in the cerebrospinal fluid with normal level in the blood in the absence ...

The ketogenic diet (KD) is still viewed as virtually last-line therapy in childhood epilepsies, and specifically as unsafe and difficult to initiate and maintain in neonates and infants. Information is presented to show that the KD is safe and efficacious in this population, and should be carefully studied to determine ...

We aimed to ascertain whether family history of major congenital malformations (MCMs) was increased in women with epilepsy (WWE) compared to controls (spouses) and whether family history of MCM was associated with occurrence of MCM in the offspring. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Women enrolled in the Kerala Registry of Epilepsy and ...

We hypothesized that prolonged bedside limited-channel amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) monitoring following a standard 1-hour conventional electroencephalogram (cEEG) would increase the detection of subclinical seizures and allow continuous evaluation of the background EEG in neonatal encephalopathy. This may identify complementary roles for these EEG technologies in neonatal units where continuous cEEG ...

The newborn infant is prone to clinical motor phenomena that are not epileptic in nature. These include tremors, jitteriness, various forms of myoclonus and brainstem release phenomena. They are frequently misdiagnosed as seizures, resulting in unnecessary investigations and treatment with anticonvulsants, which have potentially harmful side effects. Unfortunately, there is ...

A 35-yr-old woman carrying a 17-week-old fetus presented with right hydronephrosis and a single umbilical artery. Karyotyping was normal and targeted ultrasonography showed an otherwise normal fetus. After 28 weeks of gestation, the mother felt rapid, repetitive fetal movement and an ultrasound at 30 weeks of gestation revealed tonic clonic ...

Arm swing is typically reduced in people with Parkinsonism, and also in those with pyramidal dysfunction. We have previously observed that patients with focal arm dystonia can also have reduced arm swing. However, arm swing has not been formally studied in adult-onset primary cervical dystonia (AOPCD). We assessed arm swing ...

LONG-TERM PROGNOSIS IN CHILDREN WITH NEONATAL SEIZURES: A POPULATION-BASED STUDY Ronen GM, Buckley D, Penney S, Streiner DL. Neurology20076919:1816-182217984448. OBJECTIVE: To examine outcome and explore for prognostic markers in a cohort <10 years following neonatal seizures. METHODS: We prospectively diagnosed clinical neonatal seizures with high specificity for true epileptic seizures ...

Few studies have examined when children with neonatal sinovenous thrombosis come to medical attention, risk factors associated with time of presentation, what clinical presentations are more likely to occur early or late, or whether the timing of presentation or severity of clinical presentation correlate with radiographic findings. Chi-square and Fisher's ...

To assess antenatal and intrapartum risk factors for seizures occurring during the birth admission. Using multivariable logistic regression analysis, we evaluated the association between maternal characteristics and birth admission seizures in a cohort of 2.3 million California children born at >or=36 weeks' gestation between 1998 and 2002 using the California ...

Infants with severe cardiorespiratory failure treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation are at risk of hypoxic-ischemic injury and infarction of the brain, intracranial hemorrhage, and seizures. Consequently, this can lead to adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. We present a neonate treated with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation due to diaphragmatic hernia. The infant's brain ...

Congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis (CNPAS) is a recently defined clinical entity that causes airway obstruction in the neonate as a result of narrowing of the nasal pyriform aperture. The pyriform aperture is the narrowest, most anterior portion of the nasal airway, and a slight decrease in its cross sectional ...

No established guidelines address the need for lumbar puncture in fever-free infants younger than 6 months of age with a first seizure. We analyzed cerebrospinal fluid results in infants and found that lumbar puncture adds little diagnostic value to the evaluation of young, well-appearing infants presenting with possible new-onset seizures.

Congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis (CNPAS) is a recently defined clinical entity that causes airway obstruction in the neonate as a result of narrowing of the nasal pyriform aperture. The pyriform aperture is the narrowest, most anterior portion of the nasal airway, and a slight decrease in its cross sectional ...

Over the last 25 years there have been considerable advances in the treatment and technologies used in the care of newborn infants. Most of these advances are related to the care of the premature infants and there have been few changes in the management of conditions commonly seen in term ...

Prolonged jaundice in most of the term babies is associated with breast milk but in some cases it can be a marker for a range of hepatobiliary, hematological, metabolic, endocrine, infectious and genetic disorders that are associated with significant mortality and morbidity if not diagnosed in time. A diagnosis of ...

OBJECTIVE: Our goals were to compare (1) single-channel amplitude-integrated electroencephalography alone, (2) 2-channel amplitude-integrated electroencephalography alone, and (3) amplitude-integrated electroencephalography plus 2-channel electroencephalography with simultaneous continuous conventional electroencephalography for seizure detection in term infants to check the accuracy of limited channels and compare the different modalities of bedside electroencephalography monitoring. ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the neurological outcome of newborns with seizures. METHOD: Cohort study with newborns prospectively followed. Perinatal characteristics and etiological screening were related to outcome in a regression model. RESULTS: During the study 3,659 newborns were admitted and 2.7% were diagnosed as having seizures. Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (51%) was ...

BACKGROUND: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the most frequent causes of neonatal death or neurological handicaps such as cerebral palsy, mental delay, and epilepsy. Moreover, an acute consequence of HIE are neonatal seizures which can cause an additional brain damage. The neurodevelopmental outcome is known in the mild or ...

PURPOSE: ACTH is currently the standard first-line therapy for new-onset infantile spasms, but it has significant side effects. We hypothesized the ketogenic diet (KD), previously reported as beneficial for intractable infantile spasms, would have similar efficacy, but better tolerability than ACTH when used first-line. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart ...

OBJECTIVE: We sought to describe population-based trends, potential risk factors, and hospital costs of readmission for jaundice for term and late preterm infants. METHODS: Birth-cohort data were obtained from the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development and contained infant vital statistics data linked to infant and maternal hospital ...

Seizure semiology in infants defies the typical characteristics and classification schemata that have been developed for older children and adults. A clear classification system is a necessary first step to facilitate proper diagnosis, choice of treatment, and determination of prognosis. This is an especially challenging task with seizures in infants. ...

AIMS: To investigate the frequency and the nature of nail alterations in infants. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 250 infant patients from newborn to 2 years of age were evaluated from the outpatient clinics of paediatrics and dermatology departments, Fatih University Hospital. The nail alterations were documented. The data were ...

One hundred ninety-three neonates with seizures were available on a neonatal seizure database, which included intrapartum and neonatal factors such as labor duration, fetal heart rate abnormalities, cord blood gas values, Apgar scores and clinical signs of encephalopathy. Regression analyses (analysis of variance) were performed on the entire cohort as ...

Hyperbilirubinemia is the commonest morbidity in the neonatal period and 5-10% of all newborns require intervention for pathological jaundice. Neonates on exclusive breast-feeding have a different pattern and degree of jaundice as compared to artificially fed babies. Latest guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) for management of jaundice ...

The age-dependent nature of the characteristic features of tuberous sclerosis complex has historically presented challenges for the diagnosis in infancy. Although the increasing availability of neuroimaging and genetic testing has facilitated the diagnosis in neonates and infants, there are few reports describing how tuberous sclerosis complex presents in this age ...

Neonatal electroencephalographic background activity has been found to be a predictive factor of the neurodevelopmental outcome. The aim of our study was to identify if the electrical ictal findings present on the first electroencephalography (EEG) recording are related to the outcome of newborns with neonatal seizures. The study is based ...

The incidence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in neonates of immigrant mothers in Canada is increasing. Newborn screening programs in Canada do not screen for this disorder. Infants with G-6-PD deficiency may develop jaundice resulting in kernicterus with devastating sequelae. In this case report, we speculate that Clostridium difficile infection may ...

We report an infant who presented with clinical manifestations of incontinentia pigmenti (IP). Despite experiencing seizures in the early neonatal period, the patient had normal growth and development until recently. However, follow-up magnetic resonance imaging revealed sequential changes in white matter lesions. The pathogenesis of neurological involvement in IP has ...

BACKGROUND: Although most children with status epilepticus have a good prognosis, its effects on newborns are unclear. OBJECTIVE: We compare the neurodevelopmental consequences of recurrent seizures and status epilepticus in newborns. METHODS: One hundred six newborns with video-EEG-confirmed seizures, consecutively admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the University ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine outcome and explore for prognostic markers in a cohort <10 years following neonatal seizures. METHODS: We prospectively diagnosed clinical neonatal seizures with high specificity for true epileptic seizures in a population-based setting of all live newborns in the province of Newfoundland, Canada, between 1990 and 1995. Children ...