The cervical lead shield was compared with the conventional lead apron with regard to efficiency of protection against radiation during a full-month survey (fourteen periapical and two bitewing radiographs). The study was performed on a Temex tissue-equivalent human phantom, and thermoluminescent dosimetry was used to measure radiation absorption in the ...

Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured in 182 preterm and term infants. Samples were taken from cord blood, and at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after birth. The infants were divided into groups according to their perinatal characteristics: infants who were appropriate for gestational ...

Pharmacodynamic effect of levonorgestrel (LNG) present in small amounts in infant's circulation has not yet been studied adequately. In our present study, nine women were taking oral minipills (LNG 30 micrograms daily) and 10 were using subdermal implants, Norplant(R)-2, during early postpartum period from four weeks to 15 weeks. These ...

We studied the ability of a polyethylene oxide hydrogel dressing (Vigilon) containing povidone-iodine to prevent Staphylococcus aureus proliferation in partial-thickness wounds. We previously reported that a single application of povidone-iodine on wounds challenged with 2 X 10(6) S aureus was not effective in reducing the number of S aureus after ...

Two patients with hypothyroidism had detectable serum levels of thyrotropin binding inhibitor immunoglobulin (TBII). Patient 1 was a newborn infant who had transient neonatal hypothyroidism due to transfer of TBII from the mother with nongoitrous autoimmune thyroiditis. Patient 2 was an 8-year-old girl with Down's syndrome who presented with signs ...

Because of previous reports of myocardial dysfunction in adults and children with hypothyroidism, 12 newborns with congenital hypothyroidism were studied using standard electrocardiographic and echocardiographic techniques. The infants were between the ages of 7 and 28 days at the time of study. Five infants were athyrotic, and of these two ...

A ram lamb with congenital goitre showed signs of respiratory distress at birth. All previously affected lambs from this flock bad been born dead or bad died soon after birth. The serum free-thyroxine level at 1 birth was low (9.8 pmol/l) but treatment with oral L-thyroxine resulted in an increase ...

The effect of hypothyroxinaemia on postnatal progression of the motor nerve conduction velocity was studied in 33 very low birthweight infants. Serum concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine were determined at birth and at ages 3, 7, and 21 days. Nerve conduction velocity was measured in the first ...

Well-preserved thyroid glands from 28 fetuses 22-34 weeks of gestational age and from 4 term newborns who survived at most 12 days were examined to study thyroid development in late intrauterine life. Total iodine thyroglobulin (Tg), T4, T3 and rT3 were assayed before and after hydrolysis with pronase. In the ...

An infant girl was referred for thyroid screening. The T4 value was 5.0 micrograms/dl (normal 5.0-13.0 micrograms/dl), and the thyroid-stimulating hormone-radioimmunoassay value was greater than 60.0 microIU/ml (normal 0-10.0 microIU/ml). Imaging failed to demonstrate thyroid tissue in the normal anatomic position in the neck. A focal collection of activity was ...

Three neonates born to three mothers with primary myxedema who have thyrotropin-binding inhibitor immunoglobulin (TBII) were continually examined after birth. One neonate showed a high TSH level in mass-screening for congenital hypothyroidism and developed transient hypothyroidism. Her TBII disappeared at 114 days of age, and she remained euthyroid after discontinuation ...

Indices of thyroid function were measured in 97 preterm infants at birth and at 5, 10, and 15 days of age. Triiodothyronine uptake, free thyroxine index, thyroxine, free thyroxine, triiodothyronine, reverse triiodothyronine, and thyroxine binding globulin values at birth correlated with gestational age, whereas thyroid stimulating hormone values did not. ...

Thyroid function and serum TSI levels in two siblings with neonatal thyrotoxicosis are described. The first infant was treated with exchange transfusion and potassium iodide. The second infant was treated with intrauterine propylthiouracil followed by potassium iodide. In contrast to the first infant, the second infant had no clinical sign ...

A radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedure was devised for the estimation of PRL in eluates of dried whole blood from filter paper. Levels of PRL were measured in newborn blood obtained during the first week of life from 530 infants of normal birthweight (greater than 2500 g) with normal T4 values, 114 ...

The incidence of neonatal hypothyroidism, as reflected in cord-blood thyroxine and thyrotropin levels, varied from 0.6% to 13.3% in iodine-deficient and normal regions of India (selected districts of Uttar Pradesh and Kerala and the city of Delhi), depending on the degree of environmental iodine deficiency. In populations with a high ...

Using the immunoperoxidase method, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) and somatostatin (SRIF) were demonstrated in the hypothalamus of fetal sheep. Both hormones were found in the perikarya at about day 60 of fetal life, i.e., at the end of the first half of pregnancy. Immunoreactive LHRH (irLHRH) perikarya were situated ...

Congenital hypothyroidism is a common but preventable cause of mental retardation. The incidence of congenital hypothyroidism in the newborn population is about 1:3500 to 1:4000. Infants with Down's syndrome are at a special risk. Fort et al. reported an incidence of persistent primary congenital hypothyroidism in infants with Down's syndrome ...

Screening programs using determinations of serum thyroxine have demonstrated that congenital hypothyroidism occurs in one in 4,000 live births in North America. More than 90 percent of affected infants have primary hypothyroidism with elevated plasma thyrotropin (TSH) levels. Since the feasibility of newborn screening and incidence of congenital hypothyroidism in ...

Reports on thyroid function in newborns with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) are controversial, the significance of obtained results is not clear. Therefore we conducted a longitudinal study of thyroid function in 35 infants with RDS (gestational age 24-36 weeks, birth weights 650-2770 g). 43 well prematures, matched for gestational age, ...

In order to evaluate further the possibility that transient hypothyroidism and hyperthyrotropinemia in newborn infants could result from a state of relative iodine deficiency, the urinary concentration of iodine, used as an index of the dietary intake of iodine was determined in casual urine samples collected in 1,076 full-term infants ...

Technetium 99m pertechnetate thyroid scans were performed on 57 infants referred for evaluation of suspected congenital hypothyroidism. Thyroid anatomy may be characterized by four general types, based on the scintigraphic findings: (1) normal size and location; (2) ectopic location; (3) no detectable thyroid activity; (4) normal location with increased size ...

Thyroid-growth-blocking antibodies are present in large proportion of mothers who give birth to hypothyroid infants. In order to devise a prenatal screening test to replace the time-consuming cytobiochemical assay for measurement of the maternal antibodies, a cloned rat-thyroid cell-line (FRTL5) was used. Several approaches that had been tried previously had ...

To determine the benefit of collecting two routine specimens to test for congenital hypothyroidism, we examined the results of our newborn screening program during the last 9.5 years. The Northwest Regional Screening Program (NWRSP) performs a primary thyroxine test with thyroid-stimulating hormone determinations on the lowest 10% of dried blood ...

Fifty-six children with congenital hypothyroidism diagnosed by neonatal screening were reviewed at 3 years of age or older. The presence or absence of the thyroid gland was determined by radionuclide scanning prior to treatment in the newborn period. Thyroxine therapy was discontinued in those children who did not have anatomic ...

Because the concentrations of serum free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid hormone binding globulin (TBG) have not been fully evaluated in preterm infants at the immediate post-natal period, we studied the longitudinal changes of serum FT4 and TBG, along with thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), at birth (cord blood), ...

An improved procedure for the isolation of iodinated beta Nerve Growth Factor (125I-beta NGF) has been devised. Use of Centricon microconcentrators (Amicon) has allowed the facile and efficient recovery of ultrapure 125I-beta NGF in high yields. Centricon microconcentrators are supplied with two molecular weight cutoffs of 10 K and 30 ...

The neonatal hypothyroidism (NH) screening program in Israel was initiated in May 1978, and by the end of April 1984, 538,565 infants had been screened. One hundred sixty-six newborns were found to have NH; 7 of these exhibited only transient hypothyroidism. During the screening period the average age for initiation ...

An infant who presented with adrenal insufficiency possibly due to lipoid adrenal hyperplasia at the age of 66 days is described. This is the first time that this very rare disorder is reported from Saudi Arabia. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test is useful in the ante-mortem diagnosis of this condition.

It has been suggested that patients receiving anticonvulsant therapy have depressed thyroid function. Thyroid function was studied in 16 pregnant epileptic women who were receiving various anticonvulsants; 20 nonepileptic pregnant women served as controls. Maternal and umbilical cord blood was collected at delivery and serum thyrotropin, total thyroxine, triiodothyronine, triiodothyronine ...

Among 34 mothers of infants with sporadic congenital hypothyroidism detected in the Quebec screening programme, 15 had immunoglobulins blocking thyroid growth induced by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) when tested in the sensitive Feulgen cytochemical bioassay. At the time of delivery all the mothers were clinically and biochemically euthyroid, and in general ...

A 26-yr-old female with primary hypothyroidism due to potent blocking type thyrotropin binding inhibitor immunoglobulins (TBII) was advised of the high risk of bearing a baby with neonatal transient hypothyroidism. This prediction proved valid and her baby was found to be hypothyroid with a potent TBII. By expressing the baby's ...

We have evaluated the pituitary-gonadal function of the infant son of a patient with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. The father was treated with hCG and FSH to induce fertility. The son had normal external genitalia and his testicular volume increased appropriately during early infancy. Basal and post GnRH gonadotropin levels, as well ...

Indices of thyroid function were measured in 229 healthy term neonates at birth and at 5, 10, and 15 days of age. Results were analysed to assess whether maternal diabetes mellitus, toxaemia of pregnancy, intrapartum fetal distress, duration of labour, method of delivery, asphyxia at birth, race, sex, birthweight, birth ...

From January first 1978 to September 30, 1981, 93 fecal samples from children hospitalized with a rotavirus gastro-enteritis were tested after RNA extraction and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 14 electrophoretypes (TI--T14) were identified by this technique. They were studied in relation with epidemiological as well as clinical symptoms. No electrophoretype correlated ...

Sixty six patients with Graves disease were followed up for the presence of TSAb at intervals of 4 to 12 weeks. Three different assays, the competitive TSH membrane-receptor assay (MRA), the cAMP-assay and the colloid droplet assay (CD) were used in parallel for demonstration of the antibody. In 17 of ...

Blind hamsters had no alteration of the dialyzable fraction of serum thyroxine (T4) but had depressed total and free T4 concentrations compared to controls. Prevention of the effects of blinding by pinealectomy indicates pineal influence on circulating free T4 concentration. Parallel changes in free T4 and the free T4 index ...

We attempted to analyze the physiological meaning of abnormally low thyroid hormones in low birth weight (LBW) infants on the basis of cross-sectional data on free triiodothyronine (free T3) and T3 in addition to the other thyroid hormones. In LBW infants, the levels of free T3 and T3 were lower ...

To delineate more precisely the role of gestational age, weight at birth and thyroid status at birth on the postnatal changes in thyroid hormone levels, serum T4, T3, TSH and in some cases FT3I were measured at birth and at 3-4 h, 24-30 h, 6-9 days and 13-20 days. Subjects ...

Ultrasonography of a 26-week-old fetus suggested the presence of a goiter. Amniocentesis was performed at 26 and 38 weeks gestation to evaluate thyroid function. An elevated amniotic fluid TSH level was found on both occasions, though amniotic fluid T4, T3, and rT3 levels were similar to those of euthyroid fetuses. ...

National cord blood screening for congenital hypothyroidism has operated in Finland with complete coverage since 1980. A low frequency of false positives, 0.08%, was achieved by supplementing the TSH screen with a T4 determination in borderline samples. Among 175188 infants the incidence of (unconfirmed) hypothyroidism was 1/2637. The median age ...

Cord serum thyroglobulin (Tg) and TSH levels were related to birth weight in 3 groups of newborn infants composed of 101 infants. Serum free T3 index, free T4 index, and/or T4 also were determined. Group I consisted of normal term newborns (20 females and 19 males), whose mean +/- SD ...

Thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations were measured on cord sera of 21 preterm infants with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) and were compared to the values obtained from 15 healthy preterm infants. When log T3, log T4, and log TSH were considered as the dependent variables in ...

Serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, free T4, thyroxine-binding globulin, reverse T3, and the TSH secretory areas and peak T3 after intravenous injection of 40 micrograms thyrotropin-releasing hormone were determined weekly from day 5 to 6 to 11 weeks of age in 42 unselected full-term and 61 preterm ...

Commercial radioimmunoassay kits for the measurement of human total thyroxine (T4) and total triiodothyronine (T3) based on magnetic separation are discussed for use in dogs and cats. The T4 assay procedure is modified to increase the accuracy over normal canine and feline ranges using four standards from kit components provided. ...

Thyroid function was studied in newborn from 3 areas of Sicily in which iodine intake is normal (area A), moderately decreased (area B), and severely decreased (area C). In the latter 2 areas, there is a high incidence of goiter and in area C endemic cretinism is present. TSH and ...

Eleven pregnant women were treated for hyperthyroidism with carbimazole (CZ) and one with propylthiouracil (PTU). Based upon a previous study it was decided that lactation should be permitted if the dose required after delivery did not exceed 15 mg of CZ or 150 mg of PTU. In the patients studied ...

Using the indirect immunofluorescence technique, an antiserum to synthetic hpGRF 44 (the 44 residue peptide with high growth hormone releasing activity isolated from a human pancreatic tumor), antibodies of which interact with 40-44 C terminal amino acid sequence, stains a novel neuron system in the adult human hypothalamus. HpGRF-like immunoreactivity ...

We describe 12 of 1130 infants with Down syndrome in whom various degrees of thyroid dysfunction were detected by neonatal screening. These aberrations were confirmed subsequently in 11 patients. In eight of 11 children, persistent primary hypothyroidism, was diagnosed, whereas in the remaining three patients transient thyroid abnormalities were noted. ...

Experience with a nationwide screening programme for congenital hypothyroidism in New Zealand is reported. Using radio-immune assays for thyroxine (T4) on all newborns, and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) determinations on samples with T4 levels below the 5th percentile, 160 899 babies were screened and 33 cases of primary hypothyroidism were ...

The nature of hypothyroxinemia in sick very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants was evaluated by assessment of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and by the clinical response to thyroxine (T4) therapy. Twenty-three very low-birth-weight infants of gestational age 26 to 28 weeks, whose serum T4 concentrations were 4 micrograms/dL on two occasions, and thyrotropin ...