The aim of this study was to describe the obstetric and perinatal outcome for births following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Of 210 infants born, 140 were singletons and 70 were twins. There were no triplets or higher births. The multiple birth frequency was 20%. Overall, 17% of deliveries were preterm, ...

Special considerations are essential to ensure the safe transportation of premature and low birth weight infants. Both physical and physiologic issues must be considered in the proper positioning of these infants. This statement discusses current recommendations based on the latest research and provides guidelines for physicians who counsel parents of ...

BACKGROUND: Because invasive candidiasis in newborn infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) occurs most frequently in very low birth weight infants, the incidence of invasive candidiasis and its clinical features in infants > 2500 g birth weight have not been well-described. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical ...

The two extremes of birth weight ( < 1500 g and > 4000 g) require antepartum surveillance and anticipation of complications during labor and delivery. Prognosis for the very low birth weight carries with it inherent neurologic impairment even when cared for under the best of conditions. In contrast, the ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate adrenocortical function in ill preterm infants and investigate potential relationships between plasma cortisol concentrations and major neonatal outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized trial of adrenocorticotropic hormone (1-24ACTH) stimulation testing, followed by a chart review. SETTING: Two level III neonatal intensive care units, Sacramento, Calif. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-seven very low ...

Parenteral nutrition has been used in the nutritional management of low-birth-weight infants for the past 25 years. Nonetheless, many aspects of the technique still are not completely understood. Further, Other aspects that are reasonably well understood frequently are not applied in clinical practice. As a result, infants requiring this therapy ...

The pharmacokinetics of recombinant human erythropoietin was studied in 12 very low birth weight preterm infants < 32 weeks of gestation after subcutaneous administration of 300 IU/kg at a postconceptional age of 34 (32-37) weeks and a weight of 1,505 (1330-1,740)g (median and range). The administration of recombinant human erythropoietin ...

Transient neonatal hypothyroxinemia is very common in preterm infants. The literature on the effect of this hypothyroxinemia is, however, controversial, and large or long-term follow-up studies are not available. In a nationwide prospective follow-up study on very preterm and (or) very low birth weight infants (n = 717), we studied ...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of children born to immigrant mothers on the total proportions of low birth weight and preterm deliveries in Oslo and to explain the increases in the proportions of children with low birth weight and low gestational age since 1980-1982. DESIGN: This was a cross ...

The dilemma of when to deliver preterm or growth-restricted fetuses with abnormal monitoring is faced by all those treating such patients. Current noninvasive tests for fetal well-being have relatively high false-positive rates. Cordocentesis allows the clinician to directly analyze fetal blood and determine whether the fetus is truly in distress, ...

PURPOSE: To quantify race differences in the public health impact of maternal cigarette smoking on infant birth weight and to estimate the proportion of low birth weight births that could be prevented by maternal smoking cessation. DESIGN: A cohort that consisted of 77,751 mother-infant pairs was evaluated retrospectively. SETTING: Statewide ...

The manifest importance of reducing the incidence of low birth weight is most obvious for the first year of life: low birth weight is the single most important factor affecting infant morbidity and mortality. However, there is growing evidence that the adverse consequences of low birth weight continue throughout the ...

To determine whether recombinant erythropoietin (r-HuEpo) administered to very low birth weight infants could increase hemoglobin F synthesis, or delay its developmentally programmed decline, we determined serially the synthesis of hemoglobins A and F in 15 preterm infants receiving either a placebo or r-HuEpo. There was no difference between the ...

A secondary data analysis of 7,174 infants explores the use of cereal, fruits and vegetables, and meats with African-American and Anglo-American very-low-birth-weight (VLBW), low-birth-weight (LBW) and term infants over the first five months after discharge. The first solid foods offered were cereal for African-American infants and fruits and vegetables for ...

Deep-vein thrombosis is common after plaster-cast immobilisation for traumatic injury. We did a randomised prospective study of the effect of low-molecular-weight heparin on the incidence of deep-vein thrombosis in patients with minor injuries treated with plaster-cast immobilisation of the leg. A control group (n = 163) received no prophylaxis, the ...

One of the causes of early onset hyperkalaemia in very low birth weight infants is presumed to be the dysfunction of K+ transport across the cell membrane. Sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase(Na(+)-K+ ATPase) is known to play a major role in K+ transport. We compared the concentrations of erythrocyte Na(+)-K+ ATPase (Vmax ...

Neonatal intensive care has led to a progressive improvement in the survival of very low birth weight (VLBW, < 1,500 g) infants. However, it has not been established whether there has been a simultaneous increase or decrease in the prevalence of handicapping conditions in this group of children. To explore ...

Changes of cycloplegic retinoscopy refraction from 8.5 to 38.5 months of age were compared in two infant groups in the Cambridge population: "infant myopes", having at least one myopic axis (0 to -3.5 D inclusive), and a second, "control" group with low hyperopia (< or = +3.5 D). Cycloplegia eliminated ...

Percentages of low birth weight are low in American Indian and Mexican-American populations despite a high prevalence of traditional risk factors. Data derived from 1979-1990 Hawaii vital record files were used to examine birth weight, infant mortality, and their correlates in Samoan and Hawaiian residents of Hawaii to assess whether ...

Good nutrition is of great importance for all living individuals, especially for the rapidly growing newborn infant. Nutrition is needed not only for the maintenance of physiologic functions but also for growth. Despite extensive research in this field, numerous questions remain regarding the nutrition of the term as well as ...

Nine low birth weight infants with neutropenia born to mothers with preeclampsia were treated with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, 10 micrograms/kg intravenously, within 24 hours of birth and at 24-hour intervals for a maximum of three doses if neutropenia persisted. The absolute neutrophil count increased significantly in eight of the nine ...

Fibrinogen is a large heterogeneous family of closely related molecules consisting of three pairs of non-identical polypeptide chains: two A alpha-, two B beta- and two gamma-chains, held together by disulphide bridges. The heterogeneity of fibrinogen is due to heterogeneities in all three chains. Four main types of assay are ...

Absolute neutropenia lasting longer than 72 hours after birth occurred in four very low birth weight neonates with a maternal history of severe pregnancy-induced hypertension, and was treated with recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for 3 days. Absolute neutrophil counts increased nearly four-fold within 48 hours; maximal values were recorded on ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of admission-day illness severity on nosocomial bacteremia risk after consideration of traditional risk determinants such as birth weight and length of stay. METHODS: The hospital courses for 302 consecutive very low birth weight (less than 1500 g) infants admitted to two neonatal intensive care units ...

A 2-year cohort of 63 surviving extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants was prospectively studied and 60 of these infants, together with 44 normal birth weight control infants, were assessed at 2 years of age for intellectual abilities, motor skills, growth and health. The total ELBW group differed significantly from ...

In a prospective study, the correlation between serum levels of placental isoferritin (PLF) and outcome of pregnancy was determined in 56 pregnant women. Women with contractions before the 36th week of pregnancy showed significantly lower PLF values compared with women with later contractions (p < 0.01). Furthermore, a strong correlation ...

Medical and technological advances in the care of infants with low birth weight (less than 2,500 grams, or 5 pounds, 8 ounces) and very low birth weight (less than 1,500 grams, or 3 pounds, 5 ounces) have substantially increased the survival rate for these infants and have led to concerns ...

The Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides supplemental food, nutrition and health education, and social services referral to pregnant, breastfeeding, and post-partum women, and their infants and young children who are both low-income and at nutritional risk. A number of statistically controlled evaluations that compared ...

Advances in neonatal medicine have resulted in the increased survival of infants at lower and lower birth weight. While these medical success stories highlight the power of medical technology to save many of the tiniest infants at birth, serious questions remain about how these infants will develop and whether they ...

Low birth weight is a major public health problem in the United States, contributing substantially both to infant mortality and to childhood handicap. The principal determinant of low birth weight in the United States is preterm delivery, a phenomenon of largely unknown etiology. Preterm delivery is more common in the ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the influence of maternal hemoglobin phenotype as well as that of the infant on birth outcome and neonatal complications. RESEARCH DESIGN: Prospective, natural history study with retrospective chart review for neonatal complications. SETTING: Nineteen pediatric sickle cell centers across the United States. PATIENTS: Four hundred eighty infants ...

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of total sugar intake by pregnant adolescents from low-income families on infant birth weight and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 337 adolescents, enrolled in a county-wide demonstration project in Camden, New Jersey, who delivered live, ...

The calcium metabolism of 13 very-low-birth-weight infants fed a high-calcium diet was evaluated by means of stable isotope kinetic and balance studies. The studies used orally and i.v. administered stable isotopes, and the kinetic data were evaluated with the aid of a sequential, three-compartment model. The infants (postmenstrual age 33 ...

OBJECTIVE: Prospective studies were conducted to test the hypothesis that infants unlikely to have serious bacterial infections (SBI) can be accurately identified by low risk criteria. METHODS: Febrile infants (rectal T > or = 38 degrees C) < or = 60 days of age were considered at low risk for ...

A prospective, randomized study to evaluate the effectiveness of a continuous low-dose vancomycin infusion to prevent nosocomial gram-positive bacteremia was initiated within the first 2 weeks of life in neonates weighing < 1500 gm. Seventy-one infants received constant infusion of vancomycin (25 micrograms/ml) mixed with their total parenteral nutrition solution; ...

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APLS) is characterized by recurrent thromboembolic phenomena, thrombocytopenia and fetal loss. We describe various methods of induction of experimental APLS. These models were employed to study a variety of therapeutic agents including low dose aspirin, low molecular weight heparin, IVIG and thromboxane receptor antagonist. Because interleukin-3 (IL-3) is ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of low molecular weight heparins and unfractionated heparin in the initial treatment of deep venous thrombosis for the reduction of recurrent thromboembolic events, death, extension of thrombus, and haemorrhages. DESIGN: Meta-analysis of results from 16 randomised controlled clinical studies. SUBJECTS: 2045 patients with ...

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between somatosensory processing abilities of children at school age and their earlier experiences in the intensive care nursery as very low-birth weight (VLBW) infants. The subjects were 35 VLBW children at school age (20 girls, 15 boys) who were free ...

We report on a woman with an Lp(a) lipoprotein level above the 99th centile of the population distribution of concentrations, who at the age of 43 had had deep vein thrombosis causing a pulmonary embolus and whose brother, who also had a very high level, had suffered a cerebral infarction ...

A two-fold decrease in the incidence of infant low birth weight, from 20.6% to 8.3%, occurred in Africa American women enrolled from 1985 to 1988 in this interdisciplinary research project conducted in an urban prenatal clinic. Nutritional, biochemical, medical, psychosocial, lifestyle, and environmental data were collected by trained Africa American ...

Early neonatal hypocalcemia is a common problem in prematurely born infants. To prevent it, therapy with intravenous calcium is often advised. We compared the efficacy and side-effects of intravenous and oral calcium supplementation in preterm and low birth-weight babies. Both the groups were comparable for birth weight, gestational age and ...

One of the most important steps in preparing a preterm infant for discharge is the weaning from a thermoregulated environment to an open crib. This research utilization project tested a research-based protocol to wean very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants to an open crib. Two hundred seventy infants from 10 hospitals were ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the hospital readmission rate of infants born prematurely was greatest in those whose birth weight was less than 750 g. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study. SETTING: Regional neonatal intensive care unit. PATIENTS: Consecutive very-low-birth-weight (< 1500 g) infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit; infants ...

Birth rapidly changes the demands placed on the kidneys with respect to infant homeostasis. Conceptional age (gestational plus postnatal), general health, and medical management may independently, or, in concert, give rise to important metabolic abnormalities marked by apparent renal functional inadequacies. The chronology of the renal functional changes occurring with ...

Although Hispanics are a poorly educated and medically underserved minority, the incidence of low birth weight (less than 2,500 g) Hispanic infants is similar to that of non-Hispanic whites. The authors used 1982-1983 Illinois vital records and 1980 US census income data to determine the contribution of maternal nativity and ...

Lorazepam is being used with increasing frequency as a sedative in the newborn and the young infant. Concern has been raised with regard to the safety of lorazepam in this age group, especially in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW; < 1,500 g) infants. Three young infants, all of birth weight < 1,500 g, ...

We are reporting on a very low birth weight male infant with osteomyelitis of the right femur during blood stream infection with Ureaplasma urealyticum. After previously recognized pulmonary and central nervous system infections, our case description link U. urealyticum to bone disease, widening the spectrum of pathologic conditions in neonates ...

This study investigated erythropoiesis in very low-birth-weight infants with special reference to the role of protein status in the regulation of erythropoiesis in 22 appropriate- and 11 small-for-gestational-age infants. Blood samples were drawn at three and six weeks of age. The serum concentrations of erythropoietin, estimated by a solid-phase enzyme ...

The authors report six very low birth weight newborn infants who had RDS, IVH and cerebellar porencephalus and later suffered from West syndrome. Four of them have been followed up to the present time and have had MRI scans performed. Their present clinico-neurological features and MRI findings are described. The ...

Pregnancies following a period of infertility are often thought to be at increased risk of adverse outcomes. Between 1982-1990, 1465 births were reported to the Victorian Perinatal Data Collection Unit with a history of infertility. We present some characteristics of these births and compare them with all Victorian births in ...