Research indicates that multiple factors are associated with decisions women make about infant feeding, yet few studies have explored the decision-making process. In this article, we present the analysis that produced the core category "deconstructing best," previously reported as part of a grounded theory exploring 37 Australian women's infant feeding ...

Objective:To characterize the effect of a targeted neonatal echocardiography (TnECHO) program on decision making in a tertiary level unit.Study design:Retrospective cohort study of neonates, admitted between September 2007 and April 2011. Details of the TnECHO, and the clinical decisions within 6 h of the consultation were recorded.Result:A total of 199 infants ...

Do infants, like adults, consider both the probability of falling and the severity of a potential fall when deciding whether to cross a bridge? Crawling and walking infants were encouraged to cross bridges varying in width over a small drop-off, a large drop-off, or no drop-off. Bridge width affects the ...

AIM: To describe decisions made for babies who died in the delivery room as a result of clinical practice of non-resuscitation or unsuccessful resuscitation. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted of neonatal deaths (NNDs) ≥ 400 g and/or ≥20 weeks' gestation born at Mater Mothers' Hospitals 1998-2009 who were not admitted ...

To determine whether presenting delivery room management options as defaults influences decisions to resuscitate extremely premature infants. Adult volunteers recruited from the world wide web were randomised to receive either resuscitation or comfort care as the delivery room management default option for a hypothetical delivery of a 23-week gestation infant. ...

Multiple studies have provided normative ranges for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters in term and preterm infants and described changes with advancing postnatal age, as well as in special circumstances, such as traumatic lumbar puncture (LP), previous antibiotic administration, seizures, and concomitant infections at other sites. Although guidelines exist for the ...

AIM: To comparing attitudes towards end-of-life (EOL) decisions in newborn infants between seven European countries. METHODS: One paediatrician and one lawyer from seven European countries were invited to attend a conference to discuss the practice of EOL decisions in newborn infants and the legal aspects involved. RESULTS: All paediatricians/neonatologists indicated ...

Background:  Adequate tissue oxygenation is required for effective white blood cell function and bactericidal activity. Decreased tissue oxygenation has been shown to be a risk factor for perioperative wound infections. Regional anesthetic techniques result in a functional sympathetic block and may increase tissue oxygenation. The purpose of the current study ...

Duodenal atresia is a well-recognized cause of neonatal bowel obstruction. General anesthesia with tracheal intubation is the traditional anesthetic technique for surgical correction of this condition. Metabolic abnormalities and fluid deficits coupled with residual anesthetics are known to increase the risk of postoperative apnea, prolonging the operating room time and ...

Abstract Aim: To determine whether paediatrician attendance to deliveries with elective caesarean section (CS) is really needed for term and also for preterm babies with 35-37 weeks gestational age. Methods: Singleton newborns ≥ 35 gestational weeks without any identified risk factor were evaluated for resuscitation steps prospectively after CS under ...

Breastfeeding benefits both infant and maternal health. Use of epidural anesthesia during labor is increasingly common and may interfere with breastfeeding. Studies analyzing epidural anesthesia's association with breastfeeding outcomes show mixed results; many have methodological flaws. We analyzed potential associations between epidural anesthesia and overall breast-feeding cessation within 30 days postpartum ...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the risk factors and incidence of perioperative adverse effects from unsupplemented spinal anesthesia in preterm infants. Times to resumption of oral feeding and to home discharge were also evaluated. METHODS: Perioperative data were collected prospectively for all preterm and former preterm infants who underwent inguinal hernia repair ...

Introduction:  There are conflicting reports on the effects of spinal anesthesia (SA) on hemodynamics. Data on the hemodynamic effects of SA in infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) are limited. Methods:  We reviewed our experience with 44 unsupplemented SA with 1 mg·kg(-1) of either hyperbaric tetracaine or bupivacaine in premature and ...

ABSTRACT: Since its introduction into clinical practice, it has been known that fentanyl and other synthetic opioids may cause skeletal muscle rigidity. Involvement of the respiratory musculature, laryngeal structures, or the chest wall may impair ventilation, resulting in hypercarbia and hypoxemia. Although most common with the rapid administration of large ...

Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma is a rare entity, especially in infants. The cervicothoracic region is the most commonly affected site in children. The clinical features are often nonspecific, leading to a delay in diagnosis. Early management is probably associated with better functional outcomes. Here the authors report a 12-month-old girl ...

PURPOSE: Postoperative pain management is essential in the perioperative care of neonates and infants but it requires a high level of care. Wound infiltration with bupivacaine, a long-acting local anesthetic, is a simple method with minimal complications. However, studies on the effectiveness of wound infiltration in neonates and infants are ...

Intraspinal schwannoma is a rare neoplasm in pediatric patients; cellular schwannoma is an unusual histological subtype of schwannoma. A six-month-old infant with an epidural dumbbell cellular schwannoma presented with progressive weakness of his arms and legs. A spinal MRI revealed an epidural mass from C5 to T4, and a complete ...

To examine the association of intrapartum temperature elevation with adverse neonatal outcome among low-risk women receiving epidural analgesia and evaluate the association of epidural with adverse neonatal outcome without temperature elevation. We studied all low-risk nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies ≥37 weeks delivering at our hospital during 2000, excluding pregnancies ...

The survival rate for extremely preterm infants has improved over the last two decades. Although the incidence of such births is about 2%, the impact of preterm birth on these infants, their families, health-care providers, and society is profound. The birth of an extremely low birth weight (ELBW) and early ...

The regulation of nutrient absorptive capacity is a critical factor in the normal growth and development of infants of all species. In human infants this is a common problem following surgical resection; the process of adaptation, or up-regulation of nutrient transport capacity is the physiologic process, which allows patients to ...

Two cases of successful detection of inflammatory foci using Tc-99m exametazime (HMPAO)-labeled leukocyte scintigraphy in premature infants were reported. Necrotizing enterocolitis was detected in a child with a body weight of 1.6 kg. Scintigraphy confirmed a neonatal osteomyelitis in the distal part of the leg of another patient weighing 2.2 ...

Background  Sporotrichosis is a deep mycosis caused by Sporothrix schenckii. It is not uncommon in adults and children but is very rare in infants. Methods  We collated a series of case reports. Clinical data and laboratory and therapeutic results in 15 infants with cutaneous sporotrichosis were analyzed. Results  A total ...

BACKGROUND:: Hypnotic benzodiazepine receptor agonists (HBRAs; zolpidem, zopiclone, and zaleplon) are used in the treatment of insomnia. Little is known about the safety of HBRAs during pregnancy. METHODS:: Data from the Swedish Medical Birth Registry from July 1, 1995, up to 2007 were used to identify 1318 women who reported ...

Holoprosencephaly is a rare disorder of embryological development that presents with midline clefting of the lip. The incidence has been estimated at approximately 1 in 15,000. Previously, infants with severe holoprosencephaly were thought to die within 1-2 years of birth and seldom to benefit from surgery. Survival has increased with ...

Objective:To investigate the repeatability of maternal self-reported prenatal, perinatal and early postnatal factors within the IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of dietary- and lifestyle-induced health effects in children and infants) study.Design:Data are from the baseline survey of the longitudinal cohort study IDEFICS in eight European countries.Subjects:A total of 420 parents from ...

Objective and Design: To determine the incidence of and possible risk factors for unexpected sudden infant deaths (SID) and severe apparent life-threatening events (S-ALTE) that occurred within 24 hours of birth. This was a monthly epidemiologic survey. Patients and Methods: Throughout 2009, every pediatric department in Germany was asked to ...

  We describe a 6-month-old infant with blistering distal dactylitis. Bacterial culture from the skin lesion grew methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. No carriage of this bacterial agent was identified in her family. She responded to vancomycin administration and incision and drainage of the lesion. This is the first reported case ...

Aim:  To compare our recent findings in a cohort of 77 non-mosaic XXY infants <2 years of age with clinical and biological features already reported.. Results:  The majority of reported XXY neonates had normal external genitalia. Only undescended testes and/or micropenis were identified reasons for referral. Delayed ambulation and speech ...

Hypersensitivity reaction to parenteral nutrition (PN) in infants is a rare condition, especially in the neonatal period. The authors report the case of a neonate with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) who presented symptoms of anaphylaxis while receiving standard PN. Given the very common practice of neonatal PN use, especially in ...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia is rare in healthy children. Dermatologic manifestations, such as ecthyma gangrenosum and indurated erythematous nodular lesions, as the first signs of pseudomonas infection have rarely been reported. Herein we report a previously healthy 7-month-old girl with ecthyma gangrenosum and multiple nodules as the manifestations of P. aeruginosa sepsis ...

This report provides a practical guide and algorithm for the screening and subsequent management of neonatal hypoglycemia. Current evidence does not support a specific concentration of glucose that can discriminate normal from abnormal or can potentially result in acute or chronic irreversible neurologic damage. Early identification of the at-risk infant ...

Neonatal osteomyelitis of the calvaria is a rare condition. The present case report describes a 4-week-old infant with osteomyelitis of the right parietal and temporal bones caused by Staphylococcus aureus. CT scan revealed a characteristic "moth-eaten" appearance and multiloculated brain abscess with encephalomalacia, which was successfully treated by appropriate intravenous ...

Maternal infanticide in wild non-human primates has only been reported twice. In this paper, we report a possible new case of infanticide and cannibalism within a series of four successive reproductive failures in wild moustached tamarins, Saguinus mystax. Necropsy and genetic analyses of the corpses enabled us to rule out ...

Two infants presented with intermittent stridor and evidence of laryngomalacia on flexible laryngoscopy. The first was a 10-month-old girl who had undergone 3 supraglottoplasty surgeries at an outside institution, without long-term resolution of symptoms. She was found during our evaluation to have a Chiari malformation. Laryngomalacia symptoms resolved after suboccipital ...

We report a case of congenital hyperinsulinism with diffuse pancreatic abnormality diagnosed preoperatively by using [18-F]-L-DOPA positron emission tomography (PET). The infant was referred to us for recurrent hypoglycemia. Critical blood sample revealed increased insulin: glucose ratio. DOPA PET scan revealed diffuse involvement of pancreas. Subtotal (95%;) pancreatectomy was done. ...

: To examine the effects of a parent book reading intervention in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) on parent-infant interaction and on the incidence of parents reading to their infants 3 months post-NICU discharge. : A nonrandomized, participant blinded intervention study using a historical control group (CG) was conducted. ...

Abstract Objective: Compare relative levels of stress reported by mothers and fathers in families containing infants with and without single suture craniosynostosis (SSC). Design/Participants: Mothers and fathers of 246 infants with recently-diagnosed SSC and 253 frequency-matched control infants completed the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) just prior to their infant's cranioplastic ...

In this birth story, a young mother relates her experience of moving beyond fear of labor and birth and developing confidence in her ability to give birth without an epidural. Knowledge and support, including the support of a doula, during the last months of pregnancy helped this mother change her ...

Alveolar capillary dysplasia (ACD), which is a rare and lethal congenital pulmonary anomaly found in newborns, begins its onset or causes deterioration of the infant's condition some time after birth. Various congenital anomalies in combination with ACD have been reported, except for subglottic stenosis. Therefore, we aim to report a ...

Idiopathic Myelofibrosis (MF) is an extremely rare condition in children. It has a very variable clinical spectrum. Cases of secondary myelofibrosis associated with Vitamin D deficiency and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus have been reported from India .In this case report, the authors describe clinical signs, laboratory findings and histologic features in ...

The objectives of the study were (1) to determine the relative use of strategies for managing the well-appearing febrile infant and (2) to determine clinician adherence to protocol recommendations. Members of the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Emergency Medicine were asked to complete an online, interactive, case-based questionnaire. Infants ...

Basal ganglia lesions are a well reported feature of acute decompensation in propionic acidemia; however, their underlying causation still needs to be fully elucidated. We report an 8-month-old infant whose lesions had almost completely resolved radiologically within 3 weeks of initial presentation without specific metabolic management and in light of ...

This study examined associations of demographics and occupational factors with spontaneous miscarriages and infant deaths among women working in agriculture in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. This cross-sectional study in 2006 described and compared reproductive outcomes among 911 women working in agriculture in two distinct areas (ie, the irrigation scheme and drylands) ...

This paper exploits a unique opportunity to evaluate the impact of the quality change in the labor and delivery services brought about by the Mother and Infant Health Project in Ukraine. Employing program evaluation methods, we find that the administrative units participating in the Project have exhibited greater improvements in ...

Osteomyelitis in newborn infants is a rare infection. Lower extremity joints are commonly affected. Most of the cases have a haematogenous spread. Aerobes are the common group of organism involved, of which Staphylococcus aureus is the commonest. Klebsiella osteomyelitis has been reported as a cause of Osteomyelitis. However, to the ...

BACKGROUND: Acquired primary hypothyroidism in neonates and infants under 3 years of age is very rare. Herein we report the case of an infant female affected by acquired autoimmune hypothyroidism. PATIENT REPORT: The infant was transferred to the Pediatric Clinic, University of Catania, Italy for evaluation of dysmorphic features, growth ...

Premature delivery occurs in 12% of all births, accounts for nearly half of neonatal morbidity and is increasing in frequency. Current therapeutic approaches to preterm delivery are ineffective and present serious risks to both the mother and fetus. Although there are multiple factors that contribute to the etiology of preterm ...

Although the focus at delivery may naturally shift to infant transition, continued maternal vigilance during stage 3 is imperative to accomplish a safe outcome for the mother and her newborn. The third stage of labor is a normal physiological progression of birth that may be compounded by serious complications. The ...

To evaluate the management of prolonged labor and neonatal care before and after Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics (ALSO) training. Staff involved in childbirth at Kagera Regional Hospital, Tanzania, attended a 2-day ALSO provider course. In this prospective intervention study conducted between July and November 2008, the management and outcomes ...

Postpartum negative mood interferes with maternal-infant bonding and carries long-term negative consequences for infant growth. We examined the effects of birth-related risks on mother's postpartum anxiety and depression. A community cohort of 1,844 low-risk women who delivered a singleton term baby completed measures assessing delivery, emotions during labor, attitudes toward ...