In a multi-parametric study the influence of pathological neonatal conditions on heart rate variability was investigated in 60 preterm infants born at a gestational age below 33 weeks. Measurements were performed during the first 3 days of life. Four times a day, RR-intervals, respiration curve and rate, transcutaneously measured blood ...

This study examined the response of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) to intravenous Indomethacin using serial two dimensional and Doppler echocardiography and documented the complications associated with therapy. Thirty-six preterm neonates who were oxygen and ventilator dependent were studied when they were aged 3-7 days. The PDA initially closed in ...

Symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (sPDA) may occur in up to 50% of very-low-birth-weight (VLBW, less than or equal to 1500 g) infants. We reported a 16% incidence in 1979-1980 in a totally inborn population, demonstrating the importance of early fluid management. Although survival of VLBW infants, especially those less than ...

During a 7 month period, April to October, 1984, 537 consecutive babies weighing upto 2000 gm were studied at the Kenyatta National Hospital's newborn unit. Of these 48 (8.9%) had murmurs suggestive of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Their mean birth weight was 1364 +/- 482 gm while the mean gestation ...

EXOSURF is a protein-free surfactant composed of 85% dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, 9% hexadecanol, and 6% tyloxapol by weight. A single dose of 5 mL of EXOSURF per kilogram body weight, which gave 67 mg of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine per kilogram body weight, or 5 mL/kg air was given intratracheally in each of two controlled ...

It was hypothesized that it is the concentration of PGE in the plasma which actually reaches the ductus arteriosus which determines ductal response to PGE administration. Therefore, site specific PGE levels were studied in two infants with ductus dependent congenital heart lesions who were receiving PGE1 infusions. PGE levels were ...

Since 1978, 136 preterm babies received ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus as day cases. A total of 122 babies whose notes were available for review, with a median gestational age of 27 weeks (range 23-35) and median birth weight of 960 g (range 470-2750), were transported distances of up ...

A retrospective study of 39 infants under 30 weeks' gestation was carried out to analyze the incidence, management, and morbidity resulting from symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus. Symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus developed in 21 (53.8%) infants. Eleven (52.3%) infants underwent surgical closure of the ductus. The infants in this group had ...

It has frequently been cited that a delay in back closure of beyond age 48 hours in newborns with myelomeningocele is associated with an increased risk of ventriculitis. It has been suggested that antibiotic therapy prior to surgery might minimize this risk. We reviewed our experience with ventriculitis in newborns ...

High-resolution chromosome analysis showed the karyotype 46,XX,del(1)(p13.3 p22.3) in a female infant with an extreme tetralogy of Fallot and multiple congenital anomalies. The patient showed characteristic features: upper and lower eyelids connected to each other by a string-like epithelium, low hairline, epicanthal folds, saddle nose with a broad, flat root, ...

The reported effects of indomethacin on pulmonary compliance are variable depending upon the patient population and on the degree to which indomethacin resulted in successful ductal closure. Eleven fluid-restricted, furosemide-treated premature infants being mechanically ventilated for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) who also had a significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) had ...

A prospective longitudinal study was conducted in 14 premature infants intubated and receiving ventilatory support from birth, in order to evaluate the levels of prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) in the tracheal lavage fluids (TLF) after treatment with indomethacin. Eight were treated with indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, for ...

A clinically undetectable, small ductus arteriosus was identified by Doppler ultrasonography in 21 individuals. Infants were excluded from the study and no patient had pulmonary hypertension. Persistence of the ductus arteriosus is likely to be more common than shown by less sensitive diagnostic methods. Some patients considered to have infective ...

Twenty cases of symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm inborn infants were studied retrospectively. The diagnostic criteria were a systolic or a systolodiastolic murmur, tachycardia (greater than 160 per minute), hyperdynamic precordium, collapsing arterial pulses, cardiomegaly or a need for intermittent positive pressure ventilation or continuous distending airway pressure. ...

To investigate whether the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) indomethacin antagonized the effects of marihuana, an exploratory single-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted. Subjects (n = 4) smoked marihuana after pre-treatment with placebo and indomethacin. The subjective rating of marihuana "high", heart rate, word recall, time estimation/production, and plasma concentrations of THC ...

The definitive surgical procedure for correction of aortic coarctation remains controversial. Therefore, we retrospectively reviewed a total of 56 children under 4 years of age with coarctation repair between 1977 and 1986. Thirty-four had the subclavian flap angioplasty technique and 22 had resection with oblique end-to-end anastomosis. The group was ...

To study the effect of maternal indomethacin or nylidrine hydrochloride treatment on the fetus ductus arteriosus and the pulmonary artery, 27 women with threatened preterm labor between 24 and 34 weeks' gestation were studied by echocardiography. Fourteen women were treated with indomethacin and 13 with nylidrin. Both systolic and diastolic ...

Interatrial shunt flow profiles in 36 normal term infants were examined serially by colour flow and pulsed Doppler echocardiographic techniques from within an hour of birth to four or five days after birth. Shunt flow across the foramen ovale was detected in 33 normal infants (92%) within an hour of ...

This analysis concerns three groups of malformations: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, patent ductus arteriosus, and oesophageal atresia. We registered a total mortality rate for all congenital diaphragmatic hernias and defects of 28.5%; the rate in full-term neonates was 27.6% and in premature infants 33.6%. Of 65 infants with a patent ductus ...

Seven of 36 premature infants with birth weight less than 1,250 g who had been randomly assigned to either high-frequency ventilatory ventilation or conventional mechanical ventilation developed symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) after receiving prophylactic indomethacin, 0.2 mg/kg, i.v. 24 h after birth. Infants who developed symptomatic PDA were more ...

Two infants were delivered by urgent Caesarean section at 34 weeks because of fetal distress. One rapidly developed severe cardiac failure and the other marked cyanosis. Their mothers had been prescribed indomethacin and mefenamic acid (Ponstan) to treat premature onset of labour and chronic polyhydramnios, respectively. Both infants had duct-dependent ...

We examined the effect of a clinically detectable patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and its successful treatment with indomethacin on serial measures of pulmonary mechanics in 10 very-low-birthweight (VLBW) intubated infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Pulmonary mechanics were measured by the passive expiratory flow technique. Total respiratory system compliance (Crs) ...

From January 1987 to December 1989, prematures with RDS weighing 1750 g or less admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unite (NICU) were submitted from the third postnatal day to serial two-dimensional and pulsed Doppler (ATL MK 600) echocardiographic evaluation for "silent" patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). PDA was diagnosed in ...

During a recent 5-year period, 74 patients younger than 6 months of age were diagnosed with coarctation of the aorta. Coarctation was correctly diagnosed in only 22% of patients prior to referral despite readily apparent femoral pulse abnormalities in 86%. Infants whose symptoms were detected between 5 and 14 days ...

We tested the hypothesis that prolonged maintenance indomethacin therapy would allow more effective closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and thereby decrease the recurrence rate. Thirty-nine low birthweight neonates (less than 1500 gm) with confirmed PDA were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to receive standard indomethacin therapy (three doses), ...

The incidence and type of cerebral lesions in 159 infants born before 30 weeks gestation were studied, using ultrasound. Indomethacin was given as part of tocolytic management to mothers with a high incidence of early rupture of membranes and preterm labour; and 76 fetuses were exposed to the drug as ...

Using Doppler echocardiography we evaluated the effect of ductal shunt flow on the cerebral and abdominal arterial blood flow in 25 preterm infants. Eligible for inclusion in this study were healthy preterm newborn infants. They were divided into two groups based on their gestational age: group A, 33-36 weeks (15 ...

To determine the effect of back closure on the detrusor-external sphincter coordination, we reviewed the medical records of 40 neonates with myelodysplasia studied prospectively with urodynamic assessment and renal ultrasonography before closure of the spinal defect, within 7 days of closure and at 3-month intervals thereafter. Only 31 of the ...

The authors report four large-volume (greater than 20-mL) extravasations in adults and one intermediate-volume (18-mL) extravasation in an infant of iopamidol, a nonionic contrast medium, that occurred during dynamic enhanced computed tomography. The largest volume that extravasated (in two patients) was 150 mL. Although all five patients initially had swelling, ...

Previous studies evaluating the incidence of patent ductus arteriosus have not made a distinction between physiologic ductal patency and abnormally persistent ductus arteriosus. However, it has recently been shown that healthy premature infants without respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) undergo spontaneous closure of the ductus arteriosus in the first 4 days ...

We report clinical, angiocardiographic, and anatomic findings of an infant with ventricular inversion (atrioventricular discordance) and truncus arteriosus. The patient was in congestive heart failure and the injections into the left ventricle, right ventricle, and truncus arteriosus allowed a precise diagnosis. The autopsy confirmed this very unusual combination of anomalies ...

Near infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate the effects of intravenously administered indomethacin (0.1-0.2 mg/kg) on cerebral haemodynamics and oxygen delivery in 13 very preterm infants treated for patent ductus arteriosus. 7 infants received indomethacin by rapid injection (30 s) and 6 by slow infusion (20-30 min). In all the ...

The etiology of renal failure in the newborn infant is multifactorial. The increasing survival of low-birthweight infants and the aggressive drug management of pathophysiological disease states such as pulmonary hypertension and patent ductus arteriosus has resulted in an increase in the number of infants presenting with acute renal failure. Experience ...

We describe a preterm infant with severe idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (iRDS, hyaline membrane disease) who needed artificial ventilation with high inspiratory pressure, high frequencies, 100% oxygen and developed a symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (sPDA) in the course of the disease. The infant was given indomethacin to induce constriction of ...

The hemodynamics and patency of ductus arteriosus (PDA) in 51 infants were examined clinically and by echocardiography during the first or second day of life. Gestational ages ranged from 27 to 41 wk (34.0 +/- 3.6); birth weights ranged from 1070 to 4320 g (2256 +/- 923). Ductal flow was ...

The diagnosis of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was determined by Doppler examinations of the descending aorta and/or main trunk of the pulmonary artery in a cohort of 120 preterm infants. 55 per cent of the infants had Doppler echocardiographic evidence of ductal patency on the first day of life and ...

The development of vestibular afferent innervation patterns was studied by labeling the peripheral terminations between gestation day 17 and postnatal day 10. Extracellular injections of horseradish peroxidase were performed into vestibular ganglia in mouse otocysts maintained in vitro for several hours. At gestation days 17 and 18, the afferent innervation ...

To assess the effect of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) on left ventricular output (LVO) we studied stroke volume (SV), LVO, and heart rate (HR) in 21 very low birth wt preterm neonates with clinically symptomatic PDA before and after surgical ligation. Six additional infants were also studied before PDA with ...

The concentration of plasma atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and the mechanism for its secretion were investigated in 17 preterm infants with respiratory distress. Their mean gestational age was 29 wk and wt 1250 g. The infants were followed during the first week of life by sequential Doppler ultrasound studies. Ductal ...

To assess the efficacy of prophylactic indomethacin in reducing the incidence of symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus, thirty two preterm infants weighing 750-1500 gm at birth were randomized to receive oral indomethacin or placebo. Fifteen infants received oral indomethacin with a dosage of 0.2 mg/kg at the 24th, 36th and 60th ...

The arteriovenous malformation of the vein of Galen (AVG), composed of a fistula between medium to large arteries and the vein of Galen, is frequently fatal in the neonatal period. We now report three cases of infants with AVG and associated patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), and review the literature for ...

The effects of indomethacin on patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) were retrospectively studied by evaluating 1,600 consecutive infants less than 36 weeks gestation from 1983 to 1986. Two hundred thirteen infants were diagnosed with a PDA, and 102 infants received indomethacin. Indomethacin was associated with successful PDA closure in 81 infants ...

The chest radiographs of 57 premature infants admitted consecutively with hyaline membrane disease and receiving respirator therapy were reviewed, comparing right and left pulmonary abnormalities. Fifteen infants (Group I) did not develop a persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Forty-two infants developed a PDA, which was successfully treated with indomethacin in 17 ...

To determine whether intragastric pressure (IGP) and central venous pressure (CVP) would reliably predict successful primary closure of congenital abdominal wall defects (omphalocele/gastroschisis) in newborn infants, we developed the following prospective intraoperative management protocol. Following a temporary trial of fascial closure, infants who had an IGP less than 20 mm ...

Colour-coded Doppler ultrasound examination was carried out in 37 healthy newborns at 24 h of age to determine the patency of the foramen ovale. In addition, Doppler-derived cardiac output was measured 5 times during the first 2 days of life in the same infants. Our aim was to examine the ...

Stereo- and regioselective biotransformations is an area of intense research interest. The ability to take advantage of microorganisms and isolated enzyme systems to perform selective organic syntheses is well known. In recent years, several new methodologies have caused a rapid growth in the area of selective biotransformations. These novel techniques ...

Efficacy of surgical closure versus indomethacin for treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in symptomatic neonates is an ongoing controversy. In recent years, surgical closure has been performed in the neonatal intensive care unit rather than the operating room in some centers, creating further controversy. In a retrospective study of the ...

The distribution of Gm allogenotypes (Gm allotypes identified by IgCH restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis) was compared in 66 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, 38 CREST/PSS group (P less than 0.05) but not in the SLE group. HLA-DR5 is significantly increased in frequency in this series of CREST/PSS patients ...

Modern heart surgery began with operative intervention for patent ductus arteriosus in 1938. Half a century later, ligation and division of patent ductus arteriosus in an infant or child remains a simple and safe surgical procedure for a lesion identified relatively easily. In the intervening years, paediatric cardiologists and surgeons ...

Fetal outcome was studied in eight cases of isolated bilateral fetal hydrothorax. All patients were referred because of polyhydramnios. Spontaneous resolution of pleural effusion was observed twice. No remarkable change in the degree of hydrothorax was demonstrated in the remaining six cases. All eight cases resulted in the birth of ...