This article examines key issues in operationalizing a registry of nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs) undertaken by developing countries party to the United Nations framework convention on climate change. It analyzes goals, outcomes, and institutional prerequisites underlying various proposals to determine how a NAMA mechanism could work in international climate ...

Small synthetic ligands for protein purification have become increasingly interesting with the growing need for cheap chromatographic materials for protein purification and especially for the purification of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Today, Protein A-based chromatographic resins are the most commonly used capture step in mAb down stream processing; however, the use ...

Candida antarctica lipase B (CalB) is one of the most widely used biocatalysts in organic synthesis. The traditional method for purification of CalB is a multi-step, high cost and low recovery procedure. Biomimetic affinity purification had high efficiency purification. We selected 298 ligand columns from a 700-member library of synthetic ...

Scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI) is an HDL receptor. It binds HDL and mediates the uptake of cholesteryl ester from HDL. Early studies have pointed out that the extracellular domain of SR-BI is critical for SR-BI-mediated cholesteryl ester uptake. However, the extracellular loop of SR-BI is large which contains 403 amino ...

Discrete regions of the eukaryotic genome assume heritable chromatin structure that is refractory to transcription. In budding yeast, silent chromatin is characterized by the binding of the Silent Information Regulatory (Sir) proteins to unmodified nucleosomes. Using an in vitro reconstitution assay, which allows us to load Sir proteins onto arrays ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Affinity chromatography is one of the most efficient protein purification strategies. This technique comprises a one-step procedure with a purification level in the order of several thousand-fold, adaptable for various proteins, differentiated in their size, shape, charge, and other properties. The aim of this work was to verify ...

The binding of recombinant fragments of the C-terminal cell-binding domains of the two large exotoxins, toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB), expressed by Clostridium difficile and a library consisting of the most abundant neutral and acidic human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) was examined quantitatively at 25 °C and pH 7 ...

MicroRNAs are short, approximately 22 nucleotide noncoding RNAs binding to partially complementary sites in the 3'UTR of target mRNAs. This process generally results in repression of multiple targets by a particular microRNA. There is substantial interest in methods designed to predict the microRNA targets and effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms ...

In a changing environment multiple anthropogenic stressors can have novel and non-additive effects on interacting species. We investigated the interactive effects of fishing and harmful algal blooms on the predator-sea urchin-macroalgae trophic cascade. Fishing of urchin predators had indirect negative effects on macroalgae, whereas blooms of epi-benthic dinoflagellates (Ostreopsis siamensis) ...

A web server, ProBiS, freely available at http://probis.cmm.ki.si, is presented. This provides access to the program ProBiS (Protein Binding Sites), which detects protein binding sites based on local structural alignments. Detailed instructions and user guidelines for use of ProBiS are available at the server under 'HELP' and selected examples are ...

The launch-site effect, a systematic variation of within-word landing position as a function of launch-site distance, is among the most important oculomotor phenomena in reading. Here we show that the launch-site effect is strongly modulated in word skipping, a finding which is inconsistent with the view that the launch-site effect ...

Control of the heart rate and cardiorespiratory interactions (CRI) is predominantly parasympathetic in all jawed vertebrates, with the sympathetic nervous system having some influence in tetrapods. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) has been described as a solely mammalian phenomenon but respiration-related beat-to-beat control of the heart has been described in fish ...

We report two experiments demonstrating temporal binding between action and outcome (Haggard et al. 2002a) as measured in a temporal reproduction paradigm. Our results show that the effect is empirically robust, does not rely on repeated presentation of fixed intervals, truly affects time perception, and persists across intervals much longer ...

Four five-skin alkaloid extracts of the Madagascan poison frog Mantella baroni from three disturbed collection sites were compared with four five-skin extracts from three undisturbed sites. The number of alkaloids (diversity) was significantly different in M. baroni between undisturbed and disturbed collection sites, with more alkaloids generally being found in ...

Dustfall measurements in Primorsko-goranska county started in 1975 in the Bakar Bay (Site 2 - Bakar and Site 3 - Kraljevica). The measurements were extended to the city of Rijeka (Site 1 - Rijeka) in 1982, to the nearby islands (Site 4 - Krk and Site 5 - Cres) in ...

The ideal free distribution (IFD) predicts that organisms will disperse to sites that maximize their fitness based on availability of resources. Habitat heterogeneity underlies resource variation and influences spatial variation in demography and the distribution of populations. We relate nest site productivity at multiple scales measured over a decade to ...

INTRODUCTION: Fixed orthodontic appliances can alter the subgingival microbiota. Our aim was to compare the subgingival microbiota and clinical parameters in adolescent subjects at sites of teeth treated with orthodontic bands with margins at (OBM) or below the gingival margin (OBSM), or with brackets (OBR). METHODS: Microbial samples were collected ...

Samples were collected every month in three different sites of the Reserva Biológica do Tinguá, Brazil: site A was located on the border of the forest and sites B and C were located 1,000 and 500 m, respectively, towards the forest interior. The objective was to determine edge effects on ...

BACKGROUND: African American accrual to prevention trials at rates representative of the disease burden experienced by this population requires additional resources and focused efforts. PURPOSE: To describe the rationale, context, and criteria for selection of sites that received Minority Recruitment Enhancement Grants (MREGs) to increase African American recruitment to the ...

The instability of common fragile sites (CFSs) contributes to the development of a variety of cancers. The ATR-dependent DNA damage checkpoint pathway has been implicated in maintaining CFS stability, but the mechanism is incompletely understood. The goal of our study was to elucidate the action of the ATR protein in ...

Recent research has shown that human instrumental action is associated with systematic changes in time perception: The interval between a voluntary action and an outcome is perceived as shorter than the interval between a physically similar involuntary movement and an outcome. The study by, Ebert and Wegner (2010) suggests that ...

Resveratrol is a plant-derived polyphenol with purported protecting action on various disorders associated with aging. It has been suggested that resveratrol could exert its protective action by acting on specific plasma membrane polyphenol binding sites (Han Y.S., et al. (2006) J Pharmacol Exp Ther 318:238-245). The purpose of this study ...

A 15-month bionomic study of Anopheles species was conducted in two ecologically distinct villages (coastal and upland) of Sukabumi District, West Java, Indonesia from June 2006 to September 2007. Mosquitoes were captured using human-landing collections at both sites. During the study, a total of 17,100 Anopheles mosquitoes comprising 13 Anopheles ...

It has been proposed that inferring personal authorship for an event gives rise to intentional binding, a perceptual illusion in which one's action and inferred effect seem closer in time than they otherwise would (Haggard, Clark, & Kalogeras, 2002). Using a novel, naturalistic paradigm, we conducted two experiments to test ...

OBJECTIVES: To establish a standardised clipping method for the measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) with a VapoMeter in Beagle dogs and to identify the optimal anatomical site for TEWL measurement. PROCEDURE: TEWL values obtained from skin sites on five healthy Beagles clipped using two different blade angles (standard vs ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) on skin inflammation and stratum corneum barrier integrity at peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) sites among patients in the neonatal intensive care setting. STUDY DESIGN: In a within-subject design, PICC sites with CHG plus semipermeable dressing (PICC) were compared with contralateral ...

Previous studies have documented temporal attraction in perceived times of actions and their effects. While some authors argue that voluntary action is a necessary condition for this phenomenon, others claim that the causal relationship between action and effect is the crucial ingredient. In the present study, we investigate voluntary action ...

Research on voluntary action has focused on the question of how we represent our behavior on a motor and cognitive level. However, the question of how we represent voluntary not acting has been completely neglected. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cognitive and motor representation of ...

SITEHOUND-web (http://sitehound.sanchezlab.org) is a binding-site identification server powered by the SITEHOUND program. Given a protein structure in PDB format SITEHOUND-web will identify regions of the protein characterized by favorable interactions with a probe molecule. These regions correspond to putative ligand binding sites. Depending on the probe used in the calculation, ...

In Strangford Lough, Northern Ireland stocks of Ostrea edulis collapsed in the 1890s and the species was rarely recorded again until 1998 when the wild stock was estimated to be 100,000. The stock increased to 1.2 million in 2003 but declined to 650,000 by 2005. In 2007 the stock exceeded ...

Andreeva Bay is one of the largest and most hazardous nuclear legacy sites in northwest Russia. The site is the location of large amounts of Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) and radioactive wastes and the risks associated with the site have precipitated an extensive international collaborative effort towards securing and rehabilitating ...

Human actions are often classified as either internally generated, or externally specified in response to environmental cues. These two modes of action selection have distinct neural bases, but few studies investigated how the mode of action selection affects the subjective experience of action. We measured the experience of action using ...

The amounts, profiles and origin of CNs (from triCNs to octaCN) sequestered in Scots pine needles collected from 25 spatially distant sites in Poland have been studied based on congener-specific data obtained after a several clean-up and fractionation steps and final HRGC/HRMS separation and determination. The absolute concentrations of CNs ...

Graduation date: 1997

In this study, three characteristics of Web sites were varied: types of banner ad, Web localization, and involvement in purchasing a product. The dependent variable was attitude toward the site. In laboratory experiments conducted in Thailand and Taiwan, participants browsed versions of a Web site containing different types of banner ...

A 99 year old Chinese woman presented to our emergency department after a fall. Due to lower extremity pain, radiographs of both feet were obtained. No fractures were noted, but these images did reveal prominent pes cavus deformities and foreshortening of the feet, consistent with foot binding as a child. ...

1998年9月, 長崎大学熱帯医学研究所敷地内で家屋周辺の茂み及び裸地においてヒトスジシマカの24時間採集を行い, 周辺環境の異なる採集場所における吸血活動性と密度のちがいを調べた。ヒトスジシマカの密度は茂みで高く, 屋内や裸地で低かった。吸血活動は薄明薄暮に高まり, 夜も高かった。最も活動性が高い薄暮には, 統計的な有意差はみられないが, 昼間や夜間に比べて屋内や裸地で採集される雌個体の割合が高かった。以上の結果からヒトスジシマカの生態における夜間の吸血活動の重要性と薄明薄暮には茂み以外に裸地や屋内などでも吸血される機会が増加することが示唆された。 To clarify the tempo-spatial variation in feeding of Aedes albopictus, a field investigation was conducted in a field where the species heavily infested, in Nagasaki. Feeding activity was observed in the nighttime as well as at dawn and dusk. The density was high ...

The cheilostome Bryozoa fauna of 65 marine fouling panels exposed at Yokosuka, Maizuru, and Sasebo, Japan, in 1966 and 1967 was studied. Nineteen species were recorded, described and photographed. Based on faunal variations between the sites, a list of the principal species diagnostic of each was prepared. The panels at ...

In this paper, authors suggest a model that reflects the role played by the Web site characteristics and the previous level of satisfaction as determinant factors of trust in the Web site. Also, authors consider the moderating effects of consumers' motives and inhibitors to purchase online. Results show that satisfaction ...

CONTEXT: There are numerous customers for pathology departmental Web sites, including pathology department staff, clinical staff, residency applicants, job seekers, and other individuals outside the department seeking department information. Despite the increasing importance of departmental Web sites as a means of distributing information, no analysis has been done to date ...

The aims of this study were to determine the number of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) web sites retrieved form Korean search engines, and to evaluate the quality of online CAM content. We evaluated results retrieved by the use of the key word 'anticancer treatment' on six common search engines ...

The increasing ubiquity of Internet access and the frequency with which people interact with it raise the possibility of using the Web to better observe, understand, and monitor several aspects of human social behavior. Web sites with large numbers of frequently returning users are ideal for this task. If these ...

There are two major competing explanations for the counter-intuitive presence of bright coloration in certain orb-web spiders. Bright coloration could lure insect prey to the web vicinity, increasing the spider's foraging success. Alternatively, the markings could function as disruptive camouflage, making it difficult for the insect prey to distinguish spiders ...

BACKGROUND: The Internet is a valuable method of information sharing and could have important applications for bariatric surgical practices. The purpose of this study was to devise criteria by which Centers of Excellence Web sites could be evaluated. By applying these criteria to the study sample, we hoped to identify ...

Suitable den sites is presumably important for reproduction of wolverines (Gulo gulo), but little information is available about selection of den and rendezvous sites for female wolverines. I examined patterns of den and rendezvous site selection in and around Sarek National Park, Sweden, from 1993 to 2004. I also assessed ...

Intentional binding refers to a temporal attraction in the perceived times of actions and effects. So far, it has solely been investigated using judgments of the perceived time of actions or their effects. The authors report 3 experiments using an alternative method: the estimation of a time interval between a ...

Organophosphorus esters (OP) are highly toxic poisons used as chemical nerve agents and as pesticides. It is generally agreed that the toxicity from high dose OP exposure involves inhibition of acetyl cholinesterase. The role of other proteins in the toxicity of OP is unknown. Our hypothesis is that several proteins ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the implications of foliage protection measures as a spruce budworm management technique on the species diversity of moths and carabid beetles in the Manitoba boreal forest. This objective was addressed by comparing control sites not infested with spruce budworm, infested sprayed sites ...

With the increasing reliance of patients on the Internet for medical information, accessible and comprehensive resources are important. We retrieved orthopaedic oncology information sites for patients and professionals from three search engines. We evaluated 70 sites with two raters, plus an additional nine sites suggested by Musculoskeletal Tumor Society members. ...

Eligible smokers (N = 6,451) visiting the American Cancer Society's Internet site offering cessation assistance were, with informed consent, randomized to receive access either to a static Internet site with quitting advice or to one of five interactive sites provided by cooperating research partners. Three-month follow-up surveys were conducted via ...