The waste materials from the carob processing industry are a potential resource for second-generation bioethanol production. These by-products are small carob kibbles with a high content of soluble sugars (45-50%). Batch and fed-batch Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentations of high density sugar from carob pods were analyzed in terms of the kinetics ...

Unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) can cause glottic insufficiency that can result in hoarseness, chronic cough, dysphagia, and/or aspiration. In rare circumstances, UVFP can cause airway obstruction necessitating a tracheostomy. The treatment options for UVFP include observation, speech therapy, vocal fold injection medialization laryngoplasty, thyroplasty, and laryngeal reinnervation. In this ...

To screen the wound healing activity of aqueous and ethanolic extract of roots of Ficus benghalensis. Both the extracts were evaluated for wound healing by three modelsie. incision, excision and dead space wound. In incision and dead space the extracts were applied daily topically till the 10 th post wounding ...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Lecythis pisonis Camb. (Lecythidaceae), is popularly known as "Sapucaia". In traditional medicine, leaves are used for the treatment of pruritus. AIM OF THE STUDY: The present study is aimed to investigate the antipruritic effect of the ethanol extract from leaves of Lecythis pisonis (LPEE), fractions (hexane-LPHF, ether-LPEF and ...

Rationale: Dextromethorphan has been shown to protect against endotoxic shock in mice. Heatstroke resembles sepsis in many aspects. Objective: To examine the heat-induced acute lung inflammation and injury in rats with or without dextromethorphan and to compare with those of the rats with MK-801 (a N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist), SA4503 (a ...

Effective methods are needed to protect ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) from emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), an invasive buprestid that has killed millions of North American ash (Fraxinus spp.) trees. We randomly assigned 175 ash trees (11.5-48.1 cm in diameter) in 25 blocks located in three study ...

RATIONALE: Clinical data show that paroxetine causes sexual dysfunction in a substantial proportion of women taking this compound. OBJECTIVES: This work was conducted to determine whether chronic paroxetine reduces sexual incentive motivation in female rats and whether this compound can modify any aspect of paced mating. The role of the ...

1. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of the cannabinoid antagonist/inverse agonist SR 141716 (SR) on receptive behavior and sexual motivation of female rats. 2. Partner preference, receptivity and proceptivity were evaluated in ovariectomized females primed with estrogen and progesterone and administered intraperitoneally with SR ...

Sleep deprivation has been shown to be associated with an increase in inflammation that also involved in the development of neointimal hyperplasia (or restenosis). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether total sleep deprivation (TSD) will worsen neointimal formation by balloon injury. Sixteen rats were randomly allocated into ...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the association of a proton pump inhibitor (omeprazole) with Ca(OH)(2) as intracanal medication in a rat model of periapical lesions. Periapical lesions were induced on the first right mandibular molar tooth of 36 male Wistar rats (6 per group). ...

This study was performed to determine whether recombinant human angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) decreases the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion rats, whether Ang-1 opens the BBB by affecting tight junction associated proteins zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1), occludin and adherens junction protein vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, and whether ...

To determine whether pulsed Doppler examination of the ductus venosus in rat fetuses could damage exposed tissue. On gestational day 18, the livers of a mean of approximately five fetuses per mother (n = 5.14, SD = 1.6), in a cohort of 35 pregnant female rats, were exposed individually to ...

The aim of this study was to explore oral exposure to carcinogenic (group 1) acetaldehyde after single sips of strong alcoholic beverages containing no or high concentrations of acetaldehyde. Eight volunteers tasted 5ml of ethanol diluted to 40vol.% with no acetaldehyde and 40vol.% calvados containing 2400μM acetaldehyde. Salivary acetaldehyde and ...

A recent study found appetitive reinforcement in infant rats given 1.0 but not 2.0 g/kg ethanol and only when ethanol was delivered intragastrically (i.g., but not if intraperitoneally, i.p.; Nizhnikov, Pautassi, Truxell, & Spear [2009] Alcohol 43, 347-358). Corticosterone release could modulate ethanol's motivational effects. The goal of this study was ...

Decreasing ischemia-reperfusion injury in intestinal transplantation is of paramount importance for improving graft recovery and function. This study explores the ability of two ischemic preconditioning (IPC) regimens to reduce preservation injury. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 11 each). In the controls (group C), intestinal grafts were ...

In this work, modified carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was used as a new support material for production of ethanol. Crosslinked graft copolymers of CMC with N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (N-VP) were prepared in different grafting yields. The beads material was characterized by means of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron ...

The benefit of gaseous oxygenation during storage of liver grafts from donors after cardiac death should be investigated as applied either during the whole period of preservation or only for the last 2 h prior to reperfusion. Rat livers were explanted 30 min after cardiac arrest of the donor and cold-stored (CS) ...

To analyze the levels of β-glucuronidase during prolonged (14 day) corneal preservation with epithelialized (EPI) and deepithelialized (DEP) corneas and the effect of supplemental hydrocortisone (HCT) on these levels. Thirty-six freshly excised bovine corneas were preserved in Optisol solution (4°C) for 14 days with the following conditions EPI/no supplemental HCT, ...

To compare the effect of a rat anti-VEGF antibody, administered either by topical or subconjunctival (SC) routes, on a rat model of corneal transplant rejection. Twenty-four rats underwent corneal transplantation and were randomized into four treatment groups (n=6 in each group). G1 and G2 received six SC injections (0.02 ml ...

Effects of GSE and vitamins C and E on aspirin- and ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and associated increases of lipid peroxidation in rats were compared. Two experiments were conducted. Rats were randomized into eight groups: a negative control and seven groups that received aspirin or ethanol for ulcer induction: one positive ...

We contrasted the forced diving bradycardia between two genetically similar (inbred) rat strains (Fischer and Buffalo), compared to that of outbred rats (Wistar). The animals were habituated to forced diving for 4 weeks. Each animal was then tested during one 40 s dive on each of 3 days. The heart rate (f(H)) ...

We have previously reported that perfusion using warm oxygenated buffer before cold preservation (preperfusion) improved the viability of liver grafts from non-heart-beating donors. We demonstrated that adenosine triphosphate content was restored and apoptosis was reduced. The objective of the present study was to evaluate mitochondrial functions after this preperfusion and ...

Reproduction of the masked palm civet (Paguma larvata) has not been well investigated in Japan. We examined 361 female masked palm civets harvested as nuisance animals between April 2007 and March 2009 in Kanagawa Prefecture and Tokyo Metropolis. Pregnant animals and placental scars-bearing animals were found only in 12 months ...

Allopregnanolone and related steroids are potent γ-aminobutyric acid receptor-A receptor agonistic allosteric modulators that suppress central nervous system (CNS) activity; in some species, these neurosteroids regulate normal CNS activity before birth. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of suppressing allopregnanolone production on behavioral responses to transient ...

Exposure of male (55.1 mg/kg b.wt. orally for 60 days) and/or pregnant female Wistar rats (55.1 mg/kg b.wt. orally at days 6-15 of gestation), to the insecticide cypermethrin (CYP); resulted in the development of a lot of external morphological deformities and visceral malformations in their offspring pubs, which signify the ...

We examined the sequential histopathological changes in the placenta from rats exposed to tamoxifen. Tamoxifen was administered intraperitoneally at doses of 0 and 2mg/kg/day on gestation days (GDs) 8, 9 and 10, and the placentas were sampled on GDs 11, 13, 15, 17, and 21. The fetal mortality rates in ...

We have evaluated the impact of chronic administration of clorgyline, a potent monoamine oxidase A inhibitor and a former antidepressant, on the preimplantation embryo development in Wistar rats. Females were injected intraperitoneally daily for 30 days with saline (control animals), or with a low-dose clorgyline (LDC, 0.1 mg/kg per d) ...

Some forms of reproductive and developmental toxicity by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) occur via initial damage to the pituitary synthesis of gonadotropins followed by the reduced expression of gonadal steroidogenic proteins. Defects in gonadotropin synthesis are highly specific to the periods from late fetal to early newborn stages. The reason for this ...

Female eelpouts (Zoarces viviparus L.) are exposed during early pregnancy to nominal concentrations of 100 microg/L of 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) or 0.5 microg/L of 17beta-estradiol (E2). Effects on maternal metabolism and on liver and gonad development in embryos were examined and compared with controls (C) during exposure and after transfer to ...

Dioxins like 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) impair male reproductive system by increasing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glucocorticoids have been found to suppress male reproductive function and also influence TCDD pathway. As stress is characterized by an increase in the level and activity of glucocorticoids, the present experiments were ...

Rats harboring the human angiotensinogen and human renin genes develop preeclamptic features in pregnancy. The preeclamptic rats exhibit a deeper trophoblast invasion associated with a reduced resistance index by uterine Doppler. Doxycycline inhibits matrix metalloproteinase activity. We tested the hypothesis that matrix metalloproteinase inhibition reduces trophoblast invasion with subsequent changes ...

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), an endocrine disruptor, causes epididymal toxicity by inducing oxidative stress. Glucocorticoids have been found to influence TCDD action in vitro and in vivo. The present experiments were set up to analyze the effects of TCDD on rat epididymal antioxidant system under the influence of increased corticosterone level. Adult ...

Bauhinia monandra Kurz. (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) is a plant widely employed in Brazilian folk medicine for hypoglycemia. However, little is known about the effect of maternal exposure to this plant on fetal development. The aqueous and ethanol extracts obtained from B. monandra dried leaves were administered to pregnant Wistar rats throughout ...

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are known to reduce serum thyroxine (T(4)) in rats, but the relative effects of individual PCB congeners on thyroid hormones are not known. Thus, male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered Aroclor 1254, Aroclor 1242 (4, 8, 16, or 32 mg/kg/day), PCB 95 (2,2',3,5',6-pentachlorobiphenyl), PCB 99 (2,2',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl), PCB 118 ...

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) reduces the synthesis of pituitary gonadotropins in a fetal age-specific manner. The pituitary synthesis of gonadotropins is regulated by the hypothalamus and, thus, needs the differentiation and development of the hypothalamus requiring a number of factors including energy supply and neurotransmitters. To investigate the mechanism whereby TCDD reduces ...

BACKGROUND: Bryostatin-1, a highly oxygenated marine macrolide with a unique polyacetate backbone isolated from the marine animal Bugula neritina (Linnaeus), is now being developed as an anti-cancer drug for treating malignancy. In the present study, developmental toxicity of bryostatin-1 was evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS: Bryostatin-1 was intravenously administered to ...

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to evaluate the occurrence and fate of fetal lumbar rib induced by Scutellariae radix (SR) in rats. METHODS: Water extracts of SR were orally administered to pregnant rats from day 7 to day 17 of gestation at a dose of 186 mg/kg/day, equivalent to 25 ...

Fetal exposure to inflammatory mediators is associated with a greater risk of brain injury and may cause endothelial dysfunction; however, nearly all the evidence is derived from gram-negative bacteria. Intrapleural injections of OK-432, a killed Su-strain of Streptococcus pyogenes, has been used to treat fetal chylothorax. In this study, we ...

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of sodium selenite on fetal development and DNA in liver of rats. Pregnant rats were divided into three groups: control group, group treated orally with 5 µg Se/kg body wt. and group treated orally with 10 µg Se/kg body wt. Dams were ...

Organotin compounds particularly tributyltin (TBT) has been used as an antifouling biocides. In the present investigation, effects of TBT on the embryonic development, growth, hatchability and hatching success of eggs exposed to TBT were studied in both control and treated groups of the freshwater prawn (brooder) Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Three concentrations ...

BACKGROUND: Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) is an herbal medicine used for treating neurodegenerative diseases, cerebrovascular insufficiency, peripheral arterial occlusive disease, and also vestibular disturbance. Some components of GBE have presented estrogenic effects and, in a previous study, high dosages of GBE caused intra-uterine growth retardation in fetuses of Wistar rats ...

BACKGROUND: The potential embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPEthane; CASRN 84852-53-9) were evaluated in prenatal developmental studies using rats and rabbits and performed in accordance with international guidelines and Good Laboratory Practice standards. Preliminary dose-range-finding studies were conducted, which indicated doses up to 1,250 mg/kg-day were well tolerated ...

In 2008, an epidemic of cases of renal failure among Chinese infants, due to melamine contamination of milk, raised international concern. Thus, numerous studies on the metabolism of melamine were broadly undertaken. However, little is known about placental transfer of melamine. In this study, the possibility of placental transfer of ...

BACKGROUND: A single in utero exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on gestation day 15 decreased epididymal sperm count in adult rats and thus was used to establish a tolerable daily intake for TCDD. However, several laboratories have been unable to replicate these findings. Moreover, conflicting reports of TCDD effects on daily ...

Successful insect development is achieved via appropriate fluctuation of ecdysteroid levels. When an insect's ecdysteroid level is disrupted, physiological and developmental defects occur. In the pupa of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, the rectal sac is an essential organ that operates as a repository for degraded ecdysteroids, and it can be ...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: In this study, the negative effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on the immune system and body weight gain of rats and the preventive effects of curcumin were examined. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For this purpose, 128 3-4-month-old Wistar albino rats with 280-310 g body weights were used. The 2 ...

In this study, the negative effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin(TCDD) on the immune system and body weight gain of rats and the preventive effects of curcumin were examined. For this purpose, 3-4 months old 128 Wistar albino rats with 280-310g body weights were used. The 2microg/kg dose of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 100mg/kg dose ...

Perfluorooctanesulphonicacid (PFOS), a persistent organic contaminant, has been widely detected in the environment, wildlife and humans, but few studies have assessed its effect on aquatic organisms. The present study evaluated the effect of PFOS on zebrafish embryos. Zebrafish embryos exhibited developmental toxicity of bent spine, uninflated swim bladder, decreased heart ...

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a potent endocrine disruptor compound and induces multiple organ dysfunctions. The effect of TCDD exposure both in adults and in utero has been well established. However, little is known about the effects of TCDD acquired through mother's milk on the development of the male reproductive system. The ...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the effects of sildenafil citrate on various fetal and physiological parameters, including fetal mortality, number of pups, placental weights and micro-albuminuria in pregnant, L-NAME treated Sprague-Dawley rats. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-four pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups (n=8). In the L-NAME treated ...