Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder worldwide. Studies have shown that recurrent seizures may increase the concentration of reactive oxygen species, which can lead to oxidative stress and neuronal damage. These seizures result in substantial deleterious effects on an individual's health. Organic and conventional grape juices are rich in ...

OBJECTIVES:: To investigate the synergistic activity of infliximab to the therapeutic effectiveness of octreotide in a rat model of acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). METHODS:: Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group (SO), ANP group (ANP), octreotide group (OG), infliximab group (IG), and combination group (CG) (n = 8 ...

Organic anion transporters (OAT1 and OAT3) and multidrug resistance associated proteins (MRP2 and MRP4) play important roles in anionic drug secretion in renal proximal tubules. Changes in the expression of such transporters are considered to affect the tubular secretion of anionic drugs. The purpose of this study was to elucidate ...

Intravascular delivery of cells has been increasingly used in stroke models and clinical trials. We compared the biodistribution and therapeutic effects of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) delivered by intra-arterial (IA) or intravenous (IV) injection after cortical ischemia. For the biodistribution analyses, BMMCs were labeled with (99m)Technetium ((99m)Tc). At 2h, ...

Background:Nanoceria is used as a catalyst in diesel fuel, as an abrasive in printed circuit manufacture, and is being pursued as an anti-oxidant therapeutic.Objectives:To extend previous findings showing that there were no reductions of cerium in organs of the mononuclear phagocyte (reticuloendothelial) system up to 30 days after a single ...

It is well accepted that ABCB1 plays a critical role in absorption, distribution and elimination of many xenobiotics and drugs. Only little is known about regulation and function of ABCB1 during pregnancy. Thus, it was the aim of this study to investigate maternal, placental and foetal Abcb1 expression and function ...

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) confers tissue resistance to subsequent ischemia in several organs. The protective effects are obtained by applying short periods of warm ischemia followed by reperfusion prior to extended ischemic insults to the organs. In the present study, we evaluated whether IPC can reduce pancreatic tissue injury following cold ...

PURPOSE: Magnetic compression anastomosis is used for gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary anastomoses. We have developed a simple magnetic compression gastrostomy technique in rats. METHODS: Animals were randomized into two groups (n = 12 each): magnetic gastrostomy (MG) and surgical gastrostomy (SG) (control). In the MG group, a magnetic insertion catheter was coupled ...

A new series of N-(benzoylphenyl) and N-(acetylphenyl)-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamides (3a-3d and 4a'-4c') were synthesized. Compounds (3a, 3b, and 4a'-4c') were tested in vivo using Triton-WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic rats as an experimental model for their hypolipidemic activity. The tested animals were divided into eight groups: control, hyperlipidemic, 3a, 3b, 4a', 4b', 4c', and bezafibrate. ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Exposure to ethanol during early development triggers severe neuronal death by activating multiple stress pathways and causes neurological disorders, such as fetal alcohol effects or fetal alcohol syndrome. This study investigated the effect of ethanol on intracellular events that predispose developing neurons for apoptosis via calcium-mediated signaling. Although ...

The dopamine agonist pramipexole (PPX) can increase impulsiveness, and PPX therapy for neurological diseases (Parkinson's disease (PD) and restless leg syndrome) is associated with impulse control disorders (ICDs) in subpopulations of treated patients. A commonly reported ICD is pathological gambling of which risk taking is a prominent feature. Probability discounting ...

Thyroid hormone is critical for central nervous system development. Fetal hypothyroidism leads to reduced cognitive performance in offspring as well as other effects on neural development in both humans and experimental animals. The nature of these impairments suggests that thyroid hormone may exert its effects via dysregulation of the neurotrophin ...

Neuroendocrine regulatory peptide (NERP)-3, derived from the neurosecretory protein VGF (non-aconymic), is a new biologically active peptide identified through peptidomic analysis of the peptides secreted by an endocrine cell line. Using a specific antibody recognizing the C-terminal region of NERP-3, immunoreactive (ir)-NERP-3 was identified in acid extracts of rat brain ...

Abstract Objective. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the systemic administration of extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb) would prevent excessive tissue destruction in ligature-induced periodontitis in a rat model. Materials and methods. Thirty-two male Wistar albino rats were used in the current study. The rats ...

Our research is focused on modifying effects of an isoflavone aglycones (IA)-rich extract at a hormonally active dose of 150 mg/kg b.w./day, on mammary and endometrial carcinogenesis in female Donryu rats. IA administered for 2 weeks in a phytoestrogen-low diet exerted estrogenic activity and induced cell proliferation in the uterus ...

Immunosuppressants have been associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. We determined the effects of calcineurin and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor administration on endothelial dysfunction and associated inflammation and oxidative stress in adult rats. Cyclosporine A (low and high dose), sirolimus, tacrolimus, everolimus and placebo were administered to 8-week-old ...

Carbon monoxide (CO) has been found to be produced in every living cell in a biochemical reaction catalyzed by heme-oxygenase (HO) enzyme which degrades heme into biliverdin, CO, and iron. Endogenous CO is not a waste product, but acts as a chemical messenger mediating and modulating many intracellular biochemical reactions ...

AIMS: Maternal smoking during pregnancy may impair pulmonary function in infants, and the exact mechanisms underlying these changes are unknown. We evaluated the effects of maternal nicotine exposure on lung VEGF expression and morphometry during the postnatal period in rats. METHODS AND RESULTS: Timed pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were injected subcutaneously ...

Previous studies have shown that Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is implicated in the modulation of pain sensitivity. In the present study, we found that a single peri-sciatic administration of rat recombinant IL-1β (rrIL-1β) at doses of 20 and 200pg (100, 1000ng/l, in 200μl volume) induced mechanical allodynia in bilateral hindpaws in ...

In recent years, the incidence of heat stroke and associated brain pathology are increasing Worldwide. More than half of the world's population are living in areas associated with high heat environment especially during the summer season. Thus, new research is needed using novel drug targets to achieve neuroprotection in heat-induced ...

Abstract Aim: Fractionation is generally used as a mean to improve radioimmunotherapy (RIT). Since RIT is considered suitable for small-volume disease, the aim of the current study was to investigate whether repeated administration of (177)Lu-labeled mAb BR96 was tolerated and could delay or prevent metastatic disease after complete remission of ...

TAK-285, an investigational, orally active HER2/EGRF inhibitor is in clinical development for potential use in HER2 over-expressing metastatic breast cancer. The objective of the present work was to verify the presence of unbound TAK-285 in the rat brain after oral administration by a microdialysis technique with simultaneous sampling of blood ...

Binge alcohol (ethanol) drinking is a destructive pattern of ethanol consumption that may precipitate ethanol dependence-a chronic, debilitating, and prevalent health problem. While an abundance of research has focused on the neurochemical underpinnings of ethanol dependence, relatively little is known about the mechanisms underlying the heavy consumption characteristic of binge ...

Abstract Background: epilepsy has a high mortality rate due to sudden death, which is poorly understood. However, recent research has indicated that it may be associated with fatal arrhythmia, which occurs commonly in insular epilepsy. Objective: to examine the effects of the habenular nucleus on cardiovascular activities in a rat ...

Prenatal stress exerts a strong impact on fetal brain development in rats impairing adaptation to stressful conditions, subsequent vulnerability to anxiety, altered sexual function, and enhanced propensity to self-administer drugs. Most of these alterations have been attributed to changes in the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA). In humans; dysfunction of dopaminergic system ...

AIMS: The present study was aimed at investigating chronic exposure to lead and ethanol, individually and in combination with blood oxidative stress leading to possible brain apoptosis in rats. METHODS: Rats were exposed to lead (0.1% w/v in drinking water) or ethanol (1 and 10%) either individually or in combination ...

The anti-Parkinson iron chelator brain selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) AB inhibitor M30 [5-(N-methyl-N-propargylaminomethyl)-8-hydroxyquinoline] was shown to possess neuroprotective activities in vitro and in vivo, against several insults applicable to several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease (PD) and ALS. We examined the effect of M30 on a pre-existing ...

Previously we have demonstrated that a Rhodiola crenulata extract (RCE), containing a potent antioxidant salidroside, promotes neurogenesis in the hippocampus of depressive rats. The current study was designed to further investigate the protective effect of the RCE on neurogenesis in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) induced by an ...

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) decreases intestinal inflammation and cytokine levels in an animal model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Luminal omega-3 (OM-3) is anti-angiogenic, reduces inflammation, and may decrease symptoms in patients with Crohn's disease. This study evaluates the synergism of HGF and OM-3. Twenty adult female transgenic HLA-B27 rats ...

Approximately 30% of all epilepsy cases are acquired. At present there is no effective strategy to stop epilepsy development after the precipitating insult. Recent data from experimental models pointed to the mTOR pathway, which can be potently inhibited by rapamycin. However, data on the antiepileptic and antiepileptogenic properties of rapamycin ...

Hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury (I/R) is accompanied by excessive reactive oxygen species and resultant sterile inflammation. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), one of the most abundant polyphenols in the human diet, has been shown to exert potent anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to ...

Metal exposure causes reproductive damage in hermaphrodite nematodes, but effects of metals on male development are unclear. We here investigated the effects of mercury chloride exposure on development of males. Hg exposure severely increased the percentage of abnormal males, disrupted the development of male-specific structures, and caused high reactive oxygen ...

Major depressive disorder is a prevalent disease and current pharmacotherapy is considered to be inadequate. It has been hypothesized that a triple reuptake inhibitor (TRI) that activates dopamine neurotransmission in addition to serotonin and norepinephrine circuitries may result in enhanced antidepressant effects. Here we investigated the pharmacological effects of a ...

Object Advances in the diagnosis and management of patients with spinal cord tumors have been limited because of the rarity of the disease and the limitations of current animal models for spinal cord glioma. The ideal spinal cord tumor model would possess a number of characteristics, including the use of ...

We have developed a new model of cryptogenic infantile spasms with prenatal betamethasone brain priming to increase susceptibility to development-specific spasms triggered by N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA). A recent clinical study linked severe prenatal stress to increased risk for development of infantile spasms. Here, we determined whether prenatal restraint stress (2 × 45 min) in ...

Mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone) is a β-ketoamphetamine with close structural analogy to substituted amphetamines and cathinone derivatives. Abuse of mephedrone has increased dramatically in recent years and has become a significant public health problem in the US and Europe. Unfortunately, very little information is available on the pharmacological and neurochemical actions of ...

In vivo localized and fully adiabatic homonuclear and heteronuclear polarization transfer experiments were designed and performed in the rat brain at 9.4 T after infusion of hyperpolarized sodium [1,2-(13) C(2) ] and sodium [1-(13) C] acetate. The method presented herein leads to highly enhanced in vivo detection of short-T(1) (13) ...

Morus nigra L. is a plant employed as a substitute for the conventional hormonal replacement therapy. This work analyzes the estrogenic effect of M. nigra on the reproductive system and embryonic development of Wistar rats. Female rats were orally treated with M. nigra hydroalcoholic extract (MnHE) at the dose levels ...

Purpose:  Status epilepticus (SE) remains a potentially devastating condition that quickly becomes refractory to antiepileptic drug treatment and arises as a result of a failure of the brain's endogenous antiepileptic mechanisms. Understanding these mechanisms and how they are disrupted in SE is necessary in order to identify novel therapeutic approaches. ...

Chronic, excessive exposure to manganese (Mn) may induce neurotoxicity and cause an irreversible brain disease, referred to as manganism. Efficacious therapies for the treatment of Mn are lacking, mandating the development of new interventions. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of ebselen (Ebs) and para-aminosalicylic ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: In this study, we examined the effects of cyclophosphamide, methothrexate, and 5-Fluorouracil (CMF) drug combination on various aspects of learning and memory. We also examined the effects of CMF on cell proliferation and chromatin remodeling as possible underlying mechanisms to explain chemotherapy-associated cognitive dysfunction. Twenty-four adult female Wistar ...

BACKGROUND: Current treatments for the inflammatory bowel diseases, encompassing Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are variably effective. Emu oil, extracted from emu fat, predominantly comprises fatty acids, with purported claims of anti-inflammatory properties. AIM: We evaluated emu oil for its potential to ameliorate dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in rats. ...

Male gender is a risk factor for progression of polycystic kidney disease (PKD). 17β-estradiol (E2) protects experimentally, but clinical use is limited by adverse effects. Novel E2 metabolites provide many benefits of E2 without stimulating the estrogen receptor, and thus may be safer. We hypothesized that E2 metabolites are protective ...

Chorioamnionitis is implicated in the pathophysiology of bronchopulmonary disease, and the associated inflammatory response is responsible for adverse effects on alveolar development. The aim of this work was to analyze the effects of a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) selective inhibitor, rolipram (a modulator of the inflammatory response), in an experimental model ...

The study was undertaken to elucidate a possible neuroprotective role of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) against the development of Alzheimer's disease in experimental rat model. Alzheimer's disease was produced in young female ovariectomized rats by intraperitoneal administration of AlCl(3) (4.2 mg/kg body weight) daily for 12 weeks. Half of these animals also ...

Risk assessments suggest that intermediate and long-term exposure to triazine herbicides and its metabolites through water can cause severe damage to human health. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible effects of atrazine on Wistar rats submitted to subacute treatment. For this purpose, the activity of catalase ...

Calcium is an essential nutrient required for critical biological functions. Calcium supplementation is to be evaluated using immature female rats. The present study focused on some blood parameters, gonadal development and bone structure. Forty immature female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four equal-sized groups (80 g average body weight) to ...

Although some studies have pointed out to embryo/fetal toxicity, knowledge about the potential toxicity of the fungicide epoxiconazole is still limited. Once the results of these previous studies have raised some concern, this study studied the effects of epoxiconazole maternal exposure on the physical endpoints in the development of rat ...

CKD (chronic kidney disease) has become a public health problem. The therapeutic approaches have been able to reduce proteinuria, but have not been successful in limiting disease progression. In this setting, cell therapies associated with regenerative effects are attracting increasing interest. We evaluated the effect of MSC (mesenchymal stem cells) ...

Context: Polysaccharide purified Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing (Tricholomataceae) has been reported to attenuate oxidative stress in vitro. Objective: This study investigated whether polysaccharides from L. edodes with different molecular weight have protective effects against oxidative stress induced by d-galactose (d-gal) in vivo, and determined the specific relationship between molecular weight ...