The SuUR (suppressor of underreplication) gene controls late replication and underreplication of DNA in Drosophila melanogaster polytene chromosomes: its mutation suppresses DNA underreplication whereas additional doses of the normal allele strongly enhances underreplication. The SuUR protein is localized in late replicating and underreplicating regions. The N-terminal part of the SuUR ...

Standard photographic maps of the polytene chromosomes are presented for the melon fly Bactrocera cucurbitae, a serious pest of fleshy fruits and vegetables. Five larval salivary gland polytene chromosomes (10 polytene arms) were isolated, and their characteristic features and landmarks have been recognized. Banding patterns of each of the polytene ...

We are interested in generating a Y-autosome translocation of the Resistance to dieldrin (Rdl) locus in the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae), for use in sterile insect release. To ensure stability of the system, a recombination suppressing inversion can also be induced which encompasses the Rdl locus. ...

The chromosome arms are assumed to be homologous within the genus Drosophila. Homology at the level of the polytene chromosome banding pattern between non-sibling species is, however, almost impossible to establish as different processes such as inversion, transposition and unequal crossing over, have disturbed it. Even though the band sequences ...

The genetic and cytogenetic characteristics of one of the major agricultural pests, the olive fruit fly Bactmcera oleae, are presented here. The mitotic metaphase complement of this insect consists of six pairs of chromosomes including one pair of heteromorphic sex chromosomes, with the male being the heterogametic sex. The analysis ...

It has previously been demonstrated that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations accumulate in the lung and increase in frequency with age. It has also been shown that the level of mtDNA mutations including deletions and base substitutions are elevated in lung tissue of smokers relative to non-smokers. We have previously shown ...

Anopheles gambiae sensu lato Giles, 1902 and Anophelesfunestus Giles, 1900 are the main malaria vectors on the island of Bioko (Equatorial Guinea). This study was carried out to determine: a) members of the An. gambiae complex that may be present on the island of Bioko and, b) the sensitivity of ...

Anophelines were sampled from 82 locations on Buka and Bougainville islands in Papua New Guinea by larval collections, carbon dioxide-baited mosquito traps, and human biting catches. Anopheles farauti s.s. was collected in larval surveys but infrequently in mosquito traps on both islands; on Buka Island this species was readily collected ...

Fifty and one-hundred micrometer diameter nanostructured gold hollow microspheres (GHSs), in >98% purity, have been prepared by using ceramic hollow spheres, CHSs, as templates. Tennanometer diameter gold nanoparticles were covalently linked to the thiol moiety of (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane, which had been self-assembled onto the CHSs. Greater structural strength was obtained by ...

OBJECTIVES: Microchimerism of foetal cells occurs during most pregnancies. Two autoimmune diseases, systemic sclerosis (SSc) and Sjögren's syndrome (SS), have many clinical and pathological similarities to chronic graft-vs-host disease (GVHD). These findings suggest that anti-maternal graft-vs-host reaction by foetal cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of the diseases. To ...

Thorough examinations of the reproductive system of boars are generally not performed on normal boars to be used for breeding; only boars with problems undergo a form of a breeding soundness examination. In order for veterinarians to identify pathological conditions, the normal architecture of the accessory sex glands needs to ...

Chironomid mouthpart deformities and aberrations of their polytenic chromosomes are sublethal responses to toxic stress. These endpoints have been used in several cases as bioindications for sediment pollution. In the present study we aimed to establish whether there was an association between mouthpart deformities and nucleolus activity in the polytenic ...

In the Suppressor of Underreplication( SuUR) mutant strain of Drosophila melanogaster, the heterochromatin of polytene chromosomes is not underreplicated and, as a consequence, a number of beta-heterochromatic regions acquire a banded structure. The chromocenter does not form in these polytene chromosomes, and heterochromatic regions, normally part of the chromocenter, become ...

In many late-replicating euchromatic regions of salivary gland polytene chromosomes, DNA is underrepresented. A mutation in the SuUR gene suppresses underreplication and leads to normal levels of DNA polytenization in these regions. We identified the SuUR gene and determined its structure. In the SuUR mutant stock a 6-kb insertion was ...

Male accessory gland secretions, which have a role to play in reproduction have been investigated. The number of cells that make up the gland, the quantity of secretions synthesized and the influence of these secretions on fecundity of the female have been studied in D. n. nasuta, D. n. albomicans ...

Seven new alleles of the Broad-Complex gene of Drosophila melanogaster, which encodes a family of four zinc finger protein isoforms BR-C Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4, were generated by transposase-induced mobilization of a P[Zw] element inserted in either the first intron downstream from the P165 promoter or the exon encoding ...

In Acricotopus lucidus (Diptera, Chironomidae) the germ line-limited chromosomes (Ks) have developed from the soma chromosomes (Ss) by endoreduplication, rearrangements and accumulation of germ line-specific repetitive sequences. For molecular analysis of specific small K sections, microdissection of metaphase Ks generally yields very limited amounts of DNA. In this study, K-specific ...

Citrinin is one of the mycotoxins produced by Penicillium citrinum. We examined the decomposition products after heating citrinin in water at 140 degrees C and isolated a major product, citrinin H2 (3-(3,5-dihydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-2-formyloxy-butane). Citrinin H2 did not show significant cytotoxicity to HeLa cells up to a concentration of 200 microg/ml (% ...

This article contains a detailed protocol for localizing transcription factors on Drosophila melanogaster polytene chromosomes by immunofluorescence. The large polytene chromosomes from third-instar larval salivary gland cells allow mapping of chromosome-associated proteins at high resolution. Thus, this method has been used to investigate how broadly transcription factors function and to ...

Examination of chromatograms of karyotyped larvae of Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Anopheles arabiensis has revealed that there are differences in the profile of their epicuticular hydrocarbons. A discriminant analysis of the quantitative hydrocarbon data has shown that the An. gambiae Mopti 2Rbc/bc karyotype from Mali could be separated from the ...

To investigate genetic alterations in salivary gland tumours, microsatellite instability at eight representative loci and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 17 were analysed by polymerase chain reaction amplification. The results were compared with immunohistochemical expression of the hMSH2 and p53 proteins. Microsatellite instability and expression loss of hMSH2 protein ...

The effect of ecdysone on the puffing activity of the polytene chromosomes of Ceratitis capitata has been studied in organ cultures of late-larval salivary glands. Culture of glands from 120-h-old larvae (puff stage 1) in the presence of ecdysone resulted in the initiation of the late-larval puffing cycle that is ...

The occurrence of polyteny in the endosperm of field-grown plants as well as cultured endosperms of variety Vg272 of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.) is recorded. There is a pronounced banded structure of these chromosomes similar to the ones observed in Dipteran salivary glands. Polyteny under physiologically controlled conditions ...

We describe a giant titanosaurid sauropod dinosaur discovered in coastal deposits in the Upper Cretaceous Bahariya Formation of Egypt, a unit that has produced three Tyrannosaurus-sized theropods and numerous other vertebrate taxa. Paralititan stromeri is the first tetrapod reported from Bahariya since 1935. Its 1.69-meter-long humerus is longer than that ...

Fetal microchimerism, the engraftment of fetal progenitor cells into maternal tissues, has been implicated in the etiology of autoimmune diseases. We used PCR analysis to determine whether microchimerism occurred in the thyroid glands of female patients suffering from Hashimoto's disease and thus may be involved in its etiology. PCR amplification ...

Postatrophic hyperplasia (PAH) of the prostate gland often demonstrates overlapping histological features with prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCA). These features include small acinar growth and enlarged nuclei with prominent nucleoli. Recent work has demonstrated that PAH is a proliferative, noninvoluting lesion. PAH is also histologically distinct from simple atrophy (SA), which has ...

We report the cloning, characterization, and chromosomal localization of two novel human members of the bicarbonate transporter superfamily, BTR1 (Bicarbonate Transporter Related protein-1) and AE4 (Anion Exchange protein 4). BTR1 is a novel mammalian protein. The BTR1 gene maps to chromosome 20p12 and encodes a 100 kDa protein predominantly expressed ...

The reproductive system of female Rhipicephalus sanguineus consists of a single ovary, paired oviducts fusing into a single common oviduct, connecting tube, the vagina that in turn divides into cervical and vestibular regions, a wide receptaculum seminis and tubular accessory glands that open into the vagina between the cervical and ...

Ectal mandibular glands of insects are exocrine glands localized in the anterior-lateral region of the head, close to the base of the mandibles. In social wasps, the gland is composed of secretory cells and a reservoir into which the secretion accumulates. At the time of emission the secretion flows onto ...

Expression of Manduca Broad-Complex (BR-C) mRNA in the larval epidermis is under the dual control of ecdysone and juvenile hormone (JH). Immunocytochemistry with antibodies that recognize the core, Z2, and Z4 domains of Manduca BR-C proteins showed that BR-C appearance not only temporally correlates with pupal commitment of the epidermis ...

To determine sources of desirable deep-fried flavor in frying oils, degradation products from heated triolein and trilinolein with 5-31% polar compounds representing low to high deterioration were evaluated by purge-trap gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry. (E,E)-2,4-Decadienal, 2-heptenal, 2-octenal, 2,4-nonadienal, and 2,4-octadienal produced deep-fried odor at moderate-strong intensities in heated trilinolein. However, unexpected ...

The level of polyteny of the Drosophila salivary gland chromosomes was determined throughout the chromosome region 89E1-4, the locus of the Bithorax Complex. A zone of underreplication spans the 300 kb of DNA from the Ubx to Abd-B loci. From the centromere proximal end of the complex, a 70-kb-long gradual ...

Polytene chromosomes are found in specialized tissues, with high metabolic activity, of a few angiosperm genera. They differ from Diptera polytenics in several aspects, mainly because their chromatids on each chromosome are not tightly paired, nor are they so highly endoreplicated as those of Diptera. In situ hybridization with isotopic ...

The microvasculature of the corpus epididymis of adult domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) was studied using the technique of scanning electron microscopy of microvascular corrosion casts. The vascularization of the dog's corpus epididymis is accomplished by small arteries that course in the upper border of the organ. From these vessels arise ...

The formation of unusual dark puffs in Drosophila melanogaster polytene chromosomes has been studied by electron microscopic (EM) analysis. Fly stocks transformed by the P[ry; Prat:bw] and P[hs-BRC-z1] constructs were used. In the former the bw gene is under the promoter of a housekeeping gene, Prat; in the latter the ...

This paper describes a method for the identification of single copy genes in Drosophila melanogaster polytene chromosomes, using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). We demonstrate the detection of white (w), a gene previously mapped to 1-1.5 region of the linkage map, and to 3C2 region of the cytogenetic map of ...

Published anatomic studies of North American river otters (Lontra canadensis) include only comparative reviews of single anatomic systems, but this paper includes multiple clinically relevant anatomic features. Both captive and free-ranging North American river otters were studied by gross dissection of nine specimens, radiography of 18 live otters, and physical ...

To identify X chromosomal genes required for salivary gland development in the Drosophila embryo, we screened embryos hemizygous for EMS-induced lethal mutations to find mutations causing gross morphological defects in salivary gland development. The parental strain carried a lac Z transgene on the second chromosome, which was specifically expressed in ...

BACKGROUND: Spitz's nevi may contain numerous tubule-like structures. This phenomenon has been described as "tubular Spitz's nevus" and has been attributed to either apoptosis in the center of nests of melanocytes or tubular metaplasia of melanocytes. METHODS: In order to study this peculiar phenomenon, we reviewed 31 Spitz's nevi from ...

Lipoblastomas are pediatric neoplasms resulting from transformation of adipocytes. These benign tumors are typically composed of adipose cells in different stages of maturation within a variably myxoid matrix, and they contain clonal rearrangements of chromosome band 8q12. Because lipoblastomas resemble embryonic adipose tissue, characterization of their transforming mechanisms might reveal ...

In Drosophila melanogaster, the polytene X chromosome of male third instar larva appears twice as wide as an unpaired female X chromosome or an autosome. This characteristic morphology of the male X chromosome is correlated with the increased rate of transcription of the sex-linked genes, which ensures gene dosage compensation. ...

In this paper, we report the chromosomal localization of ceratotoxins, a gene family encoding antibacterial female-specific peptides from the mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata. The analysis of both polytene and mitotic chromosomes by in situ hybridization shows that ceratotoxins are the first case of female-specific X-linked genes from the medfly ...

The distribution of endogenous 3-hydroxylipins (3-OH oxylipins) in representatives of the Mucorales was mapped using immunofluorescence microscopy. Strains of each of the following genera were examined: Absidia, Actinomucor, Cunninghamella, Mortierella (subgenus Micromucor), Mortierella (subgenus Mortierella), Mucor and Rhizomucor. Immunofluorescence microscopy was carried out using an antibody that was raised against ...

A DNA technique for in situ hybridization developed by Kumar & Collins (1994) for use on polytene chromosomes of adult Anopheles mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) was modified for use with Simulium larval salivary gland chromosomes (Diptera: Simuliidae). Cloned fragments of several Simulium genes (coding for aspartate amino transferase, cytochrome P450 and ...

The human BARX2 gene encodes a homeodomain-containing protein of 254 amino acids, which binds optimally to the DNA consensus sequence YYTAATGRTTTTY. BARX2 is highly expressed in adult salivary gland and is expressed at lower levels in other tissues, including mammary gland, kidney, and placenta. The BARX2 gene consists of four ...

Different frequencies of chromosomal alterations in salivary gland polytene chromosomes AB, CD and EF were described in larvae of Chironomus riparius (syn. Chironomus thummi) from the trace metal-polluted station of Santena on the river Banna, near Turin, and from the unpolluted station of Corio (40 Km from Turin) which was ...

Chromosomal responses to heat and heavy metal shocks were studied in the pupal trichogen polytene chromosomes of Lucilia cuprina. Heat shock induced seven distinct puffs on different chromosomes at the following loci: 1C2, 21A1, 21C, 23B, 24B, 42A and 95B3. Arsenate and mercury, two of the most common toxic environmental ...

Two bisacylhydrazine insecticides with ecdysone-mimetic action, RH-5849 and RH-5992, have been subjected to several bioassay procedures that are prerequisites for ecdysone action in Drosophila larvae: (a) induction of early ecdysone-specific puffs on the polytene chromosomes of the larval salivary glands; (b) secretion of glycoprotein glue into the lumen of the ...

During the normal development of skin, pluripotential cells give rise to keratinocytes, sebaceous glands, hair follicles, apocrine glands, and eccrine glands. In epidermal nevi, these components emerge in an abnormal mixture within a circumscribed site. Many authors have categorized epidermal nevi based on their predominant component; however, there is often ...

CHD1, an Mr approximately 200,000 protein that contains a chromodomain (C), an ATPase/helicase-like domain (H) and a DNA-binding domain (D), was previously shown to be associated with decompacted interphase chromatin in mammalian cells and with transcriptionally active puffs and interbands in Drosophila polytene chromosomes. We now show by transient transfection ...