The rise in the frequency of detecting prednisolone in bovine urine from northern Italy has come into focus of attention in recent years. The possibility that neo-formation of prednisolone or that prednisone may occur in urine after collection of samples was therefore investigated. Cow urine collected for official routine controls ...

Development of an analytical method with appropriate combination of extraction and quantification approaches for undigested phytate in ruminant feces and digesta will advance knowledge of phytate degradation in ruminants and help to reduce phosphorus excretion. Established quantification methods give satisfactory results for feedstuffs and nonruminant manure but recovery of phytate ...

A capillary zone electrophoresis method for the determination of Na in milk and milk products was developed and compared with an International Organization for Standardization/International Dairy Federation standard method that is based on flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The adoption of a background electrolyte consisting of 10mM imidazole adjusted to pH ...

To improve monitoring of protein mobilization in dairy cows, we developed and evaluated a method to quantify 1-methylhistidine and 3-methylhistidine in plasma by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry. The analytical method described is (1) sensitive: both histidine derivates can be detected in the picomole range; (2) accurate: intra- and interassay coefficients of ...

Farm milk consumption is reported to be inversely related to the development of asthma and atopy in children and it has been hypothesized that microorganisms in milk might contribute to this protective effect. The GABRIEL study was designed to investigate this hypothesis in a large population of European children, calling ...

We performed an in vitro evaluation of the genotoxic potential of water extracts from four Hypoxis species (Hypoxis hemerocallidea, H. colchicifolia, H. rigidula, H. acuminata) and a commercial preparation thereof using the neutral red uptake (NRU) assay, the alkaline comet assay and the cytome assay in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. ...

The standardization and validation of a one-step, single-tube, accelerated fluorescent-intercalating-dye-based reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay targeting the NS3 gene of Japanese B encephalitis virus (JEV) is described for rapid, simple, and high-throughput detection of JEV. The amplification can be completed in 35 min under isothermal conditions at 63°C by ...

A new method based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been developed for sensitive and rapid detection of melamine. Spherical magnetic-core gold-shell nanoparticles (AuNPs) and rod-shaped gold nanoparticles (nanorods) labeled with a Raman-active compound were used to form a complex with the melamine molecules. 5,5'-Dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) was used as Raman-active ...

Rapid, simple and highly sensitive flow-injection (FI) chemiluminescence (CL) and flow-injection electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) methods were developed for the determination of escitalopram oxalate (ESC), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor used as an antidepressant drug. The CL method was based on the CL reaction of ESC with acidic cerium(IV) and tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) ...

We have demonstrated the potential of visible Raman spectroscopy in combination with chemometric analysis as a fast and simple tool for the determination of the unsaturation level of milk fat. The Raman measurements have been performed directly on liquid milk and on fat extracted from liquid milk. The Raman spectra ...

The aim was to investigate 1) the relationship between the physical activity index created for each cow by activity monitoring systems and the identification of the preovulatory follicular phase, and 2) the influence of various production, health, and cow factors on the relationship between physical activity and estrous behavior. Eighty-nine ...

In this study, we use an ion funnel (IF) at ambient pressure to enhance the sensitivity of secondary electrospray ionization (SESI). Atenolol, salbutamol and cocaine as test compounds are delivered to the SESI interface in the gas phase and are charged with three nano electrosprays. In our experiments, we show ...

An outbreak of waterborne cryptosporidiosis in a town in northern Sweden during winter 2010 resulted in the potential exposure of cured meat products to Cryptosporidium oocysts during their manufacture. The purpose of this work was to develop a method for analyzing cured meat products for contamination with Cryptosporidium oocysts and ...

A simple procedure for the quantitative detection of JWH-018, JWH-073, JWH 200, JWH-250, HU-210, Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabinol (CBN) in hair has been developed and fully validated. After digestion with NaOH and liquid-liquid extraction, the separation was performed with an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography system coupled to ...

A sensitive and specific liquid chromatography electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry method for determination of 1,4-dimethylpyridinium (1,4-DMP) in rat plasma has been developed and validated. Chromatography was performed on an Aquasil C(18) analytical column (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 µm, Thermo Scientific, Rockford, IL, USA) with isocratic elution using a mobile phase containing acetonitrile and water ...

Ceftiofur is a cephalosporin β-lactam antibiotic widely used for treating certain bacterial infections in beef and dairy cattle. The regulatory HPLC-UV method for ceftiofur residues in animal tissues is time consuming and non-specific. Additionally, because the regulatory method involves chemical reactions to convert the metabolites into a single moiety, it ...

Thousands of metabolites are excreted in urine, and potentially can be detected in NMR spectra. Currently, NMR spectral information for about one thousand metabolites has been deposited in publicly available sources, limiting the identification of chemical compounds that are potential biomarkers for clinical and subclinical applications. This study reports the ...

The aim of this investigation was to profile samples of illicit heroin. It involved derivatization and gas chromatographic separation followed by a fully automated data analysis. Six major constituents (acetylcodeine, 6-monoacetylmorphine, papaverine, noscapine, codeine, and morphine) were tested and analyzed. The square cosine function was used to evaluate correlation values. ...

A novel flow-injection chemiluminescence (FI-CL) method is described for the determination of 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME). The method is based on the inhibitory effect of 2-ME on the CL reaction of luminol and potassium ferricyanide in alkaline solution. Under optimal conditions, net CL intensity was proportional to 2-ME concentration in synthetic and ...

A total of 150 bovine (60), ovine (42), and caprine (48) bulk milk samples were analyzed using a commercially available competitive ELISA kit. Overall, AFM1 was found in 46.7 % of the analyzed samples by an average concentration of 40.3 ± 22.2 ng/L. The incidence rates of AFM1 contamination in bovine, ovine, and caprine ...

A novel method for determination of andrographolide using flow-injection chemiluminescence (FI-CL) analysis is described in this paper. The chemiluminescence intensity of the solution was enhanced proportionally while the concentration of andrographolide increased. Under the selected experimental conditions, the calibration curve of andrographolide was linear within the range of 0.2 to ...

Objective-To evaluate the use of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentrations in pooled serum samples for herd-based detection of subclinical ketosis (SCK) in dairy cows after calving. Design-Cross-sectional study. Animals-1,100 dairy cows from 110 herds. Procedures-Blood samples were collected from 10 healthy cows/herd in the first week after ...

Twelve quail eggshells from farmed Coturnix coturnix japonica were separately ground to fine powder and two aliquots of each (average weights 13.86 mg and 51.90 mg) were extracted with formic acid. Biliverdin (38-284 pmol/mg) and protoporphyrin (841-1666 pmol/mg) were measured by HPLC. There was good agreement between the values for the corresponding samples ...

The preparation and performance of a disposable amperometric immunosensor, based on the use of a selective capture antibody and screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs), for the specific detection and quantification of sulfonamide residues in milk is reported. The antibody was covalently immobilized onto a 4-aminobenzoic acid (4-ABA) film grafted on the ...

Rapid, sensitive, and highly specific flow cytometric assays were developed for the detection of the top six non-O157 STEC O groups in ground beef. The analytical sensitivity of the assays was 2×10(3) target cells in a bacterial mixture of 10(5) CFU/ml, and the limit of detection in ground beef was ...

Abstract Raw milk is increasingly appreciated by consumers but can be contaminated by a variety of zoonotic pathogens. Therefore, preventive measures, such as on-farm hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) programs, must be applied to protect consumers. The aim of the present study was the comparison of a multiplex real-time ...

A simple and sensitive spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the determination of Ribavirin in pharmaceutical formulations. The proposed method was based on the fluorescence spectral behaviour of Ribavirin in a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micellar system. In an aqueous acetate buffer solution of pH 4.0, the fluorescence intensity of Ribavirin ...

(S)-Naproxen was used to synthesize a chiral reagent, (S)-2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)propanehydrazide, by itsreaction with hydrazine hydrate in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as coupling agent. The reagent was characterized and its chiral purity was established. It was used as a chiral derivatizing reagent for the synthesis of hydrazone diastereomers, under microwave irradiation, of ...

Interest in using recycled manure solids (RMS) as a bedding material for dairy cows has grown in the US Midwest. Cost of common bedding materials has increased in recent years and availability has decreased. Information regarding the composition of RMS and its use as a bedding material for dairy cows ...

This study was undertaken to study in vitro H(+) -K(+) ATPase inhibitory potential of methanolic extract of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. MATERIALS AND MATHODS: Total phenolic and flavonoid contents from extract was quantified and H(+) -K(+) ATPase inhibition assay was performed in presence of different concentrations of standard (omeprazole) and methanol ...

High concentrations of fluoride (F) in powdered milk (formula milk) can have adverse health effects on the body. The F concentration in powdered milk was analysed in Iran in 2010. A total of twelve commercial brands of highly consumed powdered milk were selected to analyse the F content through the ...

Impurity profiles of rifaximin produced in China were investigated systematically by LCMS methods. Eleven impurities from the raw materials of rifaximin produced in China were detected. We adopted the Diagnostic fragment-ion-based extension strategy (DFIBES) for deducing the structure of unknown impurities. Impurity 1 was the 30-hydroxylated product of rifaximin. Impurity ...

The synthesis of a novel chiral derivatisation reagent, (S)-(-)-N-(pentafluorobenzylcarbamoyl)prolyl chloride is described which is preferably useful for negative-ion chemical ionisation mass spectrometry. Preparation of the reagent followed a general strategy used to prepare enantioselective reagents based on the N-substitution of L-proline. Pentafluorobenzyl chloroformate smoothly reacted with L-proline to give the ...

This is the first report of chemiluminescence from the reaction of cannabinoids with acidic potassium permanganate, which we have applied to the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determination of cannabidiol (CBD) in industrial-grade hemp. The intensities of the light-producing reactions with two commercially available cannabinoid standards were compared to that ...

BACKGROUND: Current feed evaluation systems for dairy cattle assume that nutritive values of feed components can be added, but do not take into account possible interactions among feed components. The main objective of this study was to investigate associative effects on in vitro gas production from total mixed ration (TMR), ...

Kudoa septempunctata is a newly identified myxosporean parasite that infects the trunk muscles of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and a causative agent of the increasing number of foodborne gastroenteritis outbreaks with unknown etiology which have occurred in Japan over the last few years. Here, we developed a quantitative polymerase chain ...

The isolation of whey proteins from human and bovine milks followed by profiling of their entire N-glycan repertoire is described. Whey proteins resulting from centrifugation and ethanol precipitation of milk were treated with PNGase F to release protein-bound N-glycans. Once released, N-glycans were analyzed via nano-flow liquid chromatography coupled with ...

A real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) for detection of the apxIVA gene of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was validated using pure cultures of A. pleuropneumoniae and tonsillar and nasal swabs from experimentally inoculated Caesarean-derived/colostrum-deprived piglets and naturally infected conventional pigs. The analytical sensitivity was 5colony forming units/reaction. In comparison with selective bacterial examination ...

The faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) is the recommended method to monitor anthelmintic drug efficacy in cattle. There is a large variation in faecal egg count (FEC) methods applied to determine FECRT. However, it remains unclear whether FEC methods with an equal analytic sensitivity, but with different methodologies, result ...

This study examined the potential for partly substituting dairy cow manure (DCM) with solids from solid to liquid separation of acidified dairy cow manure (SFDCM) during thermophilic anaerobic digestion. Three different substituting levels with a maximum of 30% substitution were tested. All digesters substituting DCM with SFDCM showed a stable ...

Cows' and donkey milks (raw and thermally processed) and respective whey were analysed for quantification of major proteins. Two different chromatographic approaches, size exclusion (SE-HPLC) and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) both coupled to UV detection were used. Usefulness of these methods for routine control of the effect of ...

Δ(9) -Tetrahydrocannabinol is the primary psychoactive component in cannabis, one of the most commonly used illicit drugs in the world. This paper describes a simple and rapid method for direct analysis of major metabolites of Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol; 11-nor-Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid and its glucuronide in urine by capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry. The ...

Although atrazine has been banned in the European Union since 2007 it still persists in soil from where it can enter the food chain. Milk-producing animals accumulate atrazine from contaminated feed and water and since large quantities of milk and milk products are consumed its quality should be constantly monitored. ...

A one-step multiplex reverse transcription (RT)-PCR method was developed for the simultaneous detection of five viruses causing diarrhea in adult cattle: bovine group A rotavirus (GAR), bovine group B rotavirus (GBR), bovine group C rotavirus (GCR), bovine coronavirus (BCV), and bovine torovirus (BToV). The detection limit of the one-step multiplex ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: This study investigates time-dependent aroma changes in human milk after intake of an odorant-containing pharmaceutical preparation by correlating sensory evaluation with quantitative results. METHODS: Human milk donors ingested 100 mg of encapsulated 1,8-cineole. 21 milk samples from 12 participants underwent sensory analysis, of which 14 samples were quantified ...

A rapid enantiomeric separation and simultaneous determination method based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) was developed for phenethylamine-type abused drugs using (R)-(-)-4-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-(3-isothiocyanatopyrrolidin-1-yl)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole ((R)-(-)-DBD-Py-NCS) as the chiral fluorescent derivatization reagent. The derivatives were rapidly enantiomerically separated by reversed-phase UHPLC using a column of 2.3-µm octadecylsilica (ODS) particles by isocratic ...

Four phenylbutanoids, (E)-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-l-ol (I), (E)-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-l-yl acetate (II), (E)-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)butadiene (III) and (E)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-[(E)-3,4-dimethoxystyryl]cyclohex-1-ene (IV), isolated from Zingiber cassumunar, were used as standard markers for quantitative determination and preparation of phenylbutanoid-enriched Z. cassumunar extracts (PZEs). A reversed-phase HPLC method was established for the simultaneous determination of the phenylbutanoids in Z. cassumunar extracts. Systematic ...

The doramectin (DOR), which belongs to the avermectins group (AVM), has a high antiparasitic activity and so it has been widely used in food-producing animals. The DOR shows low fluorescence quantum efficiency and as a consequence, chemical derivatization reactions are necessary to produce derivatives with improved luminescent properties before its ...

This study was conducted to evaluate the capability of the Vitek immunodiagnostic assay system easy Salmonella (VIDAS ESLM) method and a specific real-time PCR system (LightCycler, LCPCR) to complement the International Organization for Standardization Method 6579 (ISO) in detecting Salmonella from a total of 105 naturally contaminated samples comprised of ...

The release rate (RR) of sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) gas from permeation tube in the rumen appears to be positively related with methane (CH4) emissions calculated using the SF6 tracer technique. Gas samples of breath and ruminal headspace were collected simultaneously in order to evaluate the hypothesis that transactions of SF6 ...