Blonanserin is a novel atypical antipsychotic agent for the treatment of schizophrenia. Ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and toluene are utilized in the synthesis route of this bulk drug. A new validated gas chromatographic (GC) method for the simultaneous determination of residual solvents in blonanserin is described in this paper. Blonanserin ...

A simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method with ultraviolet detection is proposed for the estimation of diclofenac potassium and drotaverine hydrochloride in human plasma. Liquid-liquid extraction was carried out with a mixture of dichloromethane-isopropyl alcohol (80:20, v/v). Chromatographic separation of the analytes and internal standard was achieved on an analytical 250 ...

Supercritical fluid (SF) was discovered 200 years ago, but the use of this fluid as a mobile phase in chromatography only became popular fifty years ago. The development of the supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) was progressing slowly due to technological problems since ten years; the interest for this chromatographic mode ...

The aim of this work was to compare three methods to determinate low concentrations of Paracoccus denitrificans encapsulated in polyvinyl alcohol pellets, which is important for evaluation and optimization of pellet production as well as for monitoring of biomass growth. Pellets with different and well-defined biomass concentrations were used for ...

A novel hybrid (sequential) comprehensive two-dimensional - multidimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC - MDGC) method for complex sample manipulation and separation is described. It incorporates a separation step that approximates slow modulation GC×GC, prior to micro-fluidic Deans switch heart-cutting of a targeted region(s) into a third analytical column. It allows discrete ...

Because chiral liquid chromatography (LC) could become a powerful tool to estimate racemic atenolol quantity, excellent enantiomeric separation should be produced during data acquisition for satisfactory observation of atenolol concentrations throughout the racemic resolution processes. Selection of chiral LC column and analytical protocol that fulfill demands of the ultra fast ...

A simple, fast, and efficient High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) method was developed for the simultaneous quantitative determination of alcohols and acetates in Haitian vetiver essential oils (Chryzopogon zizanioides) and its acetylated form. Analytes were separated by using a mixture of n-hexane-chloroform-ethyl acetate (8:6:0.5, v/v/v) as mobile phase under 47% humidity. ...

In this work, the metabolite profiles of icariin in rat plasma were qualitatively investigated, and the possible metabolic pathways of icariin were subsequently proposed. After oral administration of icariin, rat plasma samples were collected and pretreated by protein precipitation. Then these pretreated samples were injected into a Venusil ASB-C18 column ...

Sorbent tubes (STs) are highly efficient and versatile tools for collecting gaseous samples of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In order to assess the experimental bias in their application, the relative recovery (RR) of 19 VOCs (acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, isovaleraldehyde, valeraldehyde, benzene, toluene, m-xylene, p-xylene, o-xylene, styrene, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl ...

A simple, fast, repeatable and less laborious sample preparation protocol was developed and applied for the analysis of biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum strain FA1132 by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The match factors for sample spectra with respect to the mass spectra library of fungal volatile compounds were determined and used ...

Fermented foods and beverages contain several different types of dipeptides, which are believed to be important components for taste. To date, however, a method for the comprehensive analysis of dipeptides in these products has not yet been established. In this study, comprehensive analysis of dipeptides in alcoholic beverages was performed ...

In the study, nanoporous array anodic alumina (NAAA) prepared by a simple, rapid and stable two-step anodic oxidization method was introduced as a novel solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coating. The regular nanoporous array structure and chemical composition of NAAA SPME fiber coating was characterized and validated by scanning electron microscopy ...

BACKGROUND: For almost 30 years, phosphatidylethanol (PEth) has been known as a direct marker of alcohol consumption. This marker stands for consumption in high amounts and for a longer time period, but it has been also detected after 1 high single intake of ethanol (EtOH). The aim of this study was ...

A transdermal formulation of indomethacin (IMC) was developed by incorporation into cholesteryl cetyl carbonate (CCC). The liquid crystalline phase properties of the IMC-CCC mixture were detected by polarized light microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. A low drug loading was obtained (1-5 %) similar to that used in conventional topical IMC in ...

Gemcitabine liposome injection (i.e., stealth liposomes) has facilitated the targeting of gemcitabine for cancer treatment. We systemically reviewed liposome-based drug-delivery systems, which can improve pharmacokinetics, reduce side effects, and potentially increase tumor uptake, for pancreatic cancer therapy. A novel liposomal formulation, which allows for higher tumor-targeting efficiencies and can be ...

The liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) phase behavior of mixtures of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]amide (C(2) mimNTf(2) ) with the n-alkyl alcohols (C(n) OH; 3≤n≤8) is described. By applying the cloud-point method, the LLEs were determined over a temperature range of 275-423 K at ambient pressure. Partial miscibility with upper critical solution temperatures (UCST) was ...

Tangerines have a distinct flavor among citrus fruit. However, information on tangerine volatiles remains limited. Volatile compounds from a breeding population of tangerines were earlier identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In this study, five hybrids with a distinct volatile profile were analyzed by gas-chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) and descriptive sensory analysis. Forty-nine ...

Commercial juices of sweet pomegranates and fresh juices of sour-sweet pomegranates were analysed for organic acids, sugars, antioxidant activity, volatile composition, sensory profile and consumer liking. Organic acids and sugars were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography, while volatiles were extracted using hydrodistillation and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas ...

  This study was conducted to determine the influence of plum cultivar, harvest year, and plum component on the methanol content and the yield of plum brandy. Seven plum cultivars (Geneva Mirabelle, French Damson, Pozegaca, Oblinaya, Early Golden, Lohr, and Rosy Gage) grown in the Finger Lakes fruit region of ...

Alcohol consumption in man, when seen in its extreme form of alcoholism, is a complex and socially disruptive disorder that can result in significant levels of liver injury. Here the rodent "intragastric feeding model" was used together with UHPLC-TOFMS analysis to determine changes in global metabolite profiles for plasma and ...

A sensitive and rapid analytical methodology based on derivatization followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed for the quantitative determination of the toxic contaminant ethyl carbamate (EC, urethane, C(2) H(5) OCONH(2) ) in alcoholic samples. EC was extracted using liquid-liquid extraction technique, and then silylated with bis-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide, analysed finally ...

  Mulberry fruits have different chemical compositions because of cultivar variation. In this study, polyphenol profile and volatile composition of alcoholic beverages produced from different mulberries of Da 10, Hongguo 2 hao, and Hongguo 1 hao were investigated. Statistically significant differences were detected in the chemical composition of the analyzed ...

To evaluate postmortem intervals (PMIs), one should take into account the determined age of necrophagous flies present on the cadaver. However, PMI determination needs further improvement, and rapid and accurate approaches have therefore to be developed. While previous studies have focussed on insect cuticular hydrocarbons, here we explore the volatile ...

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the biological, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and antiproliferative activities of different extracts of mungbean seeds and sprouts. All extracts from the sprouts showed higher contents of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity than from seeds. The highest ...

Direct separation of the enantiomers of amino acid amines, amino alcohols, and diamines was performed on recently developed chiral stationary phases containing isopropyl carbamate-cyclofructan 6 (IP-CF6), (R)-naphthylethylcarbamate cyclofructan 6 (RN-CF6), or dimethylphenylcarbamate cyclofructan 7 (DMP-CF7) as chiral selectors, using n-hexane/alcohol/TFA as mobile phase. The effects of the mobile phase composition, ...

This study represents the development of a new batch method by consortium GG-BL using two microbial cultures viz., Galactomyces geotrichum MTCC 1360 and Brevibacillus laterosporus MTCC 2298, by varying environmental conditions for the decolorization and biodegradation of Rubine GFL. Consortium was found to give better decolorization and degradation of Rubine ...

Seven new functionalized polymerizable ionic liquids were chemically prepared, and later applied for the preparation of polymeric stationary phases in gas chromatography. These coated GC columns, which exhibited good thermal stabilities (240-300°C) and very high efficiencies (3120-4200plates/m), have been characterized using the Abraham solvation parameter model. The chromatographic behavior of ...

Milk thistle (MT) dietary supplements are widely consumed due to their possible liver-health-promoting properties. As botanicals they can be contaminated with a variety of fungi and their secondary metabolites, mycotoxins. The aflatoxigenic fungus Aspergillus flavus has been previously isolated from these commodities. Currently, there is no published method for determining ...

In this article, we have focused on the application of non-traditional separation approach, the host-guest inclusion method, into the separation of the active component patchouli alcohol from the essential oil of Cablin potchouli Herb. The host molecule 1,1,6,6-tetraphenylhexa-2,4-diyne-1,6-diol (A) was used to selectively recognise the guest molecule patchouli alcohol (B) ...

Using gas chromatography, data analysis is performed on a dataset consisting of 486 retention indices, 27 standards (ramified alkanes, aliphatic alcohols, and aromatic compounds), 6 pure and binary stationary phases, and three temperatures. The behavior of the pure stationary phases (OV-3, OV-225, OV-61-OH, and OV-1701-OH) and the binary stationary phases ...

All in one: A tandem strategy has been developed wherein secondary aryl alcohols are directly coupled with aryl halides to provide stilbenoids through a dehydrative Heck sequence in the ionic liquid [hmim]Br, and with water as a by-product under microwave irradiation. Classical methods do not permit this sequence to proceed ...

Granisetron is a selective 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist used in prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. The drug is available in tablet dosage form and parenteral dosage form containing benzyl alcohol as a preservative. The main route of degradation of granisetron is through hydrolysis. The present work describes the ...

Kafirins, the storage proteins and major protein of the cereal grain sorghum, play an important nutritional role for millions of people in parts of Africa and Asia. Kafirins are non-water soluble, being soluble only in the presence of detergents or aqueous alcohol mixtures and are among the most hydrophobic of ...

A new, rapid and sensitive method was proposed for the determination of sulfonamide residues in milk and chicken muscle samples by microchip electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence detection. Separation of fluorescamine labeled sulfonamides was accomplished by using a buffer containing 5 mmol/L boric acid and 1 %( w/v) polyvinyl alcohol ...

Internal standardization (IS) and dilute-and-shoot preparation of distilled alcoholic beverages were evaluated for the direct determination of Cu by high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Among Bi, In, Sn and Te evaluated as internal standards, Bi and Te furnished best results. Calibration curves were built up by plotting A(Cu)/A(Bi) ...

A combination of polyvinyl alcohol chemically coated capillary (PVA capillary) and background electrolyte (BGE) with ion-pair reagent (hexamethonium dichloride, HMC) was used on capillary ion electrophoresis-UV detection (CIE-UV) for analysis of Br(-), I(-), NO(2)(-), NO(3)(-), SCN(-) and uric acid in human saliva. The PVA capillary prepared in our laboratory minimized ...

Wine aroma is an important characteristic and may be related to certain specific parameters, such as raw material and production process. The complexity of Merlot wine aroma was considered suitable for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC), as this technique offers superior performance when compared to one-dimensional gas chromatography (1D-GC). The ...

The vials used for the preparation of breath samples for automated solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis are crimped with septa. These septa often emit specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) confounding the measurement results of breath samples. In the current paper, 14 different brands of magnetic caps with silicone-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), butyl-PTFE, ...

On our ongoing investigation, a new oleanolic triterpene, 3β,6β,19α-trihydroxy-12-oleanen-28-oic acid (1) was obtained from the chloroform-soluble portion of the 90% alcohol-water extract of the stem bark of Uncaria macrophylla. Its structure was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D (1H-1H COSY, HSQC and HMBC) NMR and HR-ESI-MS. The ...

An on‑line concentration and fluorescence determination HPLC for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in seawater was proposed. An online concentration column packed with octadecyl polyvinyl alcohol polymer, a pump and a column switching valve were introduced in the conventional HPLC with a fluorescence detector. Only 1.0-100 mL seawater sample was introduced into ...

Hand hygiene is one of the most important measures to prevent transmission of infectious agents and plays a major role in prevention of infection in any type of healthcare setting. While requirements for the efficacy of hand disinfectants are defined in European testing norms such as the EN 1500 for ...

In this study, the methanolysis process of sunflower oil was investigated to get high methyl esters (biodiesel) content using sodium methoxide. To reach to the best process conditions, central composite design (CCD) through response surface methodology (RSM) was employed. The optimal conditions predicted were the reaction time of 60 min, an ...

A solid phase extraction method (SPE) using Isolute ENV+ cartridges was validated for the determination of ethyl carbamate (EC) in different kinds of vinegars. The method proved to be quite sensitive, precise and accurate, improving the recovery and LQD of other existing methods for the same purpose. For the optimization ...

In this study, the relative performance of gas chromatography (GC) was investigated with respect to the differences in two types of calibration approaches with a thermal desorption (TD) method: the fixed standard concentration approach (FSC: the comparison of different sample volumes for a given standard) was compared with the fixed ...

The enantiomeric separations of five chiral pesticides, diclofopmethyl, 1; benalaxy, 2; acetofenate, 3; myclobutanil, 4; and difenoconazole, 5, were conducted on a Chiralpak IB-H column by a packed-column supercritical fluid chromatography (p-SFC). All compounds, except difenoconazole and myclobutanil, were well resolved within 10 min. As the mobile phase polarity decreased ...

In the sublingual (SL) cavity, compared with the gastrointestinal tract, tablets are subjected to minimal physiological agitation, and a limited volume of saliva is available to facilitate disintegration and dissolution. None of the official compendial dissolution apparatuses and methods simulate these SL conditions. In this study, a custom-made dissolution apparatus ...

BACKGROUND AND THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Stelleropsis antoninae Pobed. (Family: Thymelaeaceae) grows wildly as an herbaceous plant in Iran. Most of the Thymelaeaceous plants contain lignans and neolignans, which have important pharmacologically properties. In the present study, the isolation and identification of the main lignans and neolignans of S. ...

Zearalenone (ZEN) and its metabolites are important nonsteroidal estrogenic mycotoxins that cause reproductive disorders in domestic animals, especially pigs. We aimed to simultaneously detect ZEN and its metabolites á-zearalenol (α-ZOL) and β-zearalenol (β-ZOL) in porcine follicular fluid (FF) by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. ZEN and α-ZOL, but not β-ZOL, were ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance characteristics of 6 intact parathyroid hormone assays: Access 2 (Beckman Coulter, Fullerton, CA), ARCHITECT i2000(SR) (Abbott Diagnostics, Abbott Park, IL), ADVIA Centaur (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Deerfield, IL), Modular E170 (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN), IMMULITE 2000 (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics), and LIAISON ...

This study determined the vitamin D(3) content and variability of retail milk in the United States having a declared fortification level of 400 IU (10 μg) per quart (qt; 1 qt=946.4 mL), which is 25% daily value per 8 fluid ounce (236.6 mL) serving. In 2007, vitamin D(3) fortified milk ...