ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Tuberculosis (TB) is considered as a re-emerging disease and one of the most important public health problems worldwide. The use or (in most cases) misuse of existint anti-tuberculosis drugs over the years has led to an increasing prevalence of resistant strains, establishing an urgent need to search for ...

We sought to evaluate the regional longitudinal strain/strain rate profiles in the right atrial wall to quantify right atrial function in systolic heart failure patients. According to previous studies on the deformational properties of the left atrium, the systolic strain and strain rates represent the atrial reservoir function and the ...

Clostridium difficile (CD), Salmonella, Campylobacter and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are major causes of morbidity in a variety of enteric diseases in humans and animals, but subclinical carriage in both is probably more common than are clinical cases. Little is known regarding the prevalence of these pathogens in animals raised ...

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) arises in the setting of antibiotic administration where disruption of the normal indigenous gut microbiota leads to susceptibility to C. difficile colonization and colitis. Using a murine model of CDI, we demonstrate that changes in the community structure of the indigenous gut microbiota are associated with ...

Lactic acid bacteria that exist in the urinogenital system play an important role in maintaining the health of the host. Here, we report the finished and annotated genome of a Lactococcus strain that was isolated from the vaginas of healthy women and shows probiotic properties, including nisin A production and ...

Campylobacter jejuni is one of the leading causes of bacterial gastroenteritis in the world; however, there is only one complete genome sequence of a poultry strain to date. Here we report the complete genome sequence and annotation of the second poultry strain, C. jejuni strain S3. This strain has been ...

Methylotrophic bacteria are widespread microbes which can use one carbon compound as their only carbon and energy sources. Here we report the finished, annotated genome sequence of the methylotrophic bacterium Methylovorus sp. strain MP688, which was isolated from soil for high-level production of pyrroloquinolone quinone (PQQ) in our lab.

The aim of this study was to develop a novel approach for characterizing the growth and persistence of Campylobacter in different poultry-rearing environments. Specifically, we constructed bioluminescent Campylobacter strains and used them to monitor the survival of these pathogens in litter (bedding) material. We inserted shuttle plasmids carrying the luminescence ...

The genetic diversity of 168 Campylobacter jejuni isolates originating from human (n = 30), cattle (n = 36), sheep (n = 44), dog (n = 35), and poultry (n = 21) and cdt genes prevalence of the isolates were investigated. To determine the genetic diversity of these strains, random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a random primer (M13) ...

campylobacter jejuni is a leading foodborne pathogen worldwide and its resistance to antimicrobials is a major concern for public health. The cmeG (Cj1375) gene in C. jejuni encodes a putative efflux transporter of the major facilitator family, but its function in antimicrobial resistance has not been determined. This study aimed ...

Salmonella and Campylobacter are common bacterial pathogens associated with human gastro-enteritis; and raw poultry is considered to be an important source of these bacteria. To evaluate whether the Salmonella serovars and Campylobacter spp. bacteria could be monitored for the purpose of microbial presence, enumeration and antimicrobial resistance in raw poultry, ...

Irish breeder and intensive broiler flocks together with the corresponding poultry farm environment were sampled for the presence of Campylobacter with the aim of identifying potential sources and transmission routes of poultry flock contamination. The genetic diversity of a subset of Campylobacter isolates was examined by analysis of the flaA-short ...

The bacterial contamination of raw and processed meat products with resistant pathogens was studied. The raw samples included sheep (40), goat (40), pork (120), beef (80), and chicken (19) meat, and the processed samples included turkey filets (33), salami (8), readymade mincemeat (16), stuffing (22), and roast-beef (50). The samples ...

This pilot study was aimed at documenting the presence of fecal indicators and enteric pathogens in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) from 6 communities in Nunavik, Quebec. One to four 2 kg samples of mussels were collected at low tide in each community. Samples were investigated by enumeration methods for the fecal ...

Improved understanding of the ecology and epidemiology of Campylobacter in the poultry farm environment is key to developing appropriate farm-based strategies for preventing flock colonization. The sources of Campylobacter causing broiler flock colonization were investigated on one poultry farm and its environment, from which samples were obtained on three occasions ...

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp. has been a growing public health concern globally. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and genetic relatedness of Campylobacter spp. recovered by the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) retail meat program. Retail meat samples (n ...

The ability of various subsets of poultry intestinal microbiota to protect turkeys from colonization by Campylobacter jejuni was investigated. Community subsets were generated in vivo by inoculation of day-old poults with the cecal contents of a Campylobacter-free adult turkey, followed by treatment with one antimicrobial, either virginiamycin, enrofloxacin, neomycin, or ...

This study was aimed at determining the genetic diversity of Campylobacter jejuni from healthy ruminants and poultry, and study by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) their links to human isolates in Spain. MLST analysis of 160 animal isolates generated 45 sequence types (STs, nine of them new to this study), that ...

To provide baseline data on the levels and patterns of antibacterial drug resistance expressed by Gram-negative bacteria isolated from poultry carcasses in New Zealand. Between July and December 2006, isolates of Escherichia coli (n=407) and Salmonella spp. (n=3) originating from carcass-rinse samples were submitted by testing laboratories affiliated to five ...

Campylobacteriosis in humans is primarily caused by handling or consuming contaminated poultry or their products. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in domestic and imported poultry meat in Korea and to further characterize the obtained isolates. From 2004 to 2008, a total of ...

Screening of broiler flocks for their Campylobacter carriage on farm level and consequently the spread of Campylobacter spp. during slaughtering can help to identify hygiene control points. Therefore, between December 2001 and August 2002 in total 51 broiler flocks from three farms of different geographical regions in Germany were analysed ...

Immunity against Campylobacter jejuni, a major food-borne pathogen causing diarrhea, is largely serotype specific. The major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of C. jejuni, PorA, is a common antigen with the potential to provide broad protection. Adult BALB/c mice were orally immunized with a recombinant glutathione S-transferase (GST) fused to PorA ...

The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of major bacterial foodborne pathogens in swine. In total, 359 samples from manure storage tanks (91) and fresh pooled faeces (268) obtained from finisher (110), sows (78) and weanlings (80) were collected and tested. Campylobacter, Salmonella, Yersinia enterocolitica, Escherichia coli ...

The proportion of Campylobacter spp. isolates that are resistant to fluoroquinolones, the drugs of choice for campylobacteriosis, has been increasing worldwide. We developed an innovative method based on a Luminex xMAP DNA suspension array that allows the identification of Campylobacter species and, simultaneously, the detection of the most common point ...

To assess whether flies and slugs acquire strains of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli present in local ruminant faeces. Campylobacter was cultured from flies, slugs and ruminant faeces that were collected from a single farm in Scotland over a 19-week period. The isolates were typed using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) ...

We determined the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter isolates from cases of sporadic human infection (n = 119), retail chicken meat (n = 105), and cattle feces (n = 105). Ampicillin and tetracycline resistance was highest in human isolates (32% and 29%, respectively) and retail chicken isolates (25% and 25%, ...

Food-borne diseases associated with Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella are mainly caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked poultry meat. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella in chickens. One hundred and fifty chickens collected from eight retail markets in ...

Erythromycin-resistant Campylobacter organisms were isolated from swine, and their resistance to the antibiotic was characterized. One hundred fourteen Campylobacter organisms were isolated from 572 swine intestinal samples. All isolates were identified as Campylobacter coli by sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene and polymerase chain reactions with primers specific to hippuricase ...

Campylobacter spp are the major cause of enteritis in humans and more than 90% of reported infections are caused by Campylobacter jejuni. Fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin are the antibiotics of choice for treatment. An increase in the frequency of ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter has been reported globally due to a single base ...

The occurrence of 10 pathogens and three fecal indicators was assessed by quantitative PCR in manures of Australian feedlot cattle. Most samples tested positive for one or more pathogens. For the dominant pathogens Campylobacter jejuni, Listeria monocytogenes, Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp., and eaeA-positive Escherichia coli, 10² to 10⁷ genome copies ...

Cj0859c variants fspA1 and fspA2 from 669 human, poultry, and bovine Campylobacter jejuni strains were associated with certain hosts and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) types. Among the human and poultry strains, fspA1 was significantly (P < 0.001) more common than fspA2. FspA2 amino acid sequences were the most diverse and ...

To determine the effect of various enrofloxacin dose regimes on the colonization and selection of resistance in Campylobacter jejuni strain 81116P in experimentally colonized chickens. Two experiments were undertaken, in which 14-day-old chickens were colonized with 1 × 10(7) -1 × 10(9 ) CFU g(-1) Camp. jejuni strain 81116P and ...

This study assessed the effects of the therapeutic use of Tylan® in a large-scale turkey production facility on the selection of macrolide-resistant Campylobacter. A flock of production turkeys (c. 30,000 birds) was followed from brooding to slaughter, and the effects of macrolide application was assessed in one half of the ...

Campylobacteriosis is the most frequently reported foodborne disease in the industrialized world, mainly through consumption of contaminated chicken meat. To date, no information is available on the primary infection sources of poultry. In this study, the ability of five Campylobacter jejuni strains with different invasion potential towards Caco-2 cells to ...

To obtain genetic information about Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from broilers and carcasses at slaughterhouses, we analyzed and compared 340 isolates that were collected in 2008 from the cecum right after slaughter or from the neck skin after processing. We performed rpoB sequence-based identification, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and ...

This systematic review considers the relationship between arthropods commonly found in and around livestock premises and zoonotic bacteria. The principal focus is upon insects and arachnids on poultry units, where houses, litter and manure provide good conditions for the growth, multiplication and protection of flies, beetles and mites, and where ...

From June to July 2007, 36 cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) occurred in a township in north China. Serological study and bacteria culture were performed to investigate the association between preceding Campylobacter jejuni infection and this GBS outbreak. Anti-C. jejuni antibodies were found in significantly higher numbers of GBS patients ...

The antibiotic resistance patterns and prevalence of the transferable tet(O) plasmid were investigated in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates from raw chicken, pork, and humans with clinical campylobacteriosis. A total of 180 C. jejuni and C. coli isolates were identified, and the prevalence rates of C. jejuni and C. ...

Clin Microbiol Infect 2011; 17: 1001-1006 ABSTRACT: Biochemical identification of Campylobacter and related organisms is not always specific, and may lead to diagnostic errors. The API Campy, the Vitek 2 system and matrix-assisted desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) are commercially available methods that are routinely used for the identification of ...

To obtain the genotype and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from north China, 93 C. jejuni isolates (56 isolates from patients with diarrhoea, 7 isolates from Guillain-Barré syndrome patients and 30 isolates from chicken stools) were selected for multilocus sequence typing (MLST), PFGE and drug resistance testing. A ...

To investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the high-level erythromycin resistance of clinical Spanish Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains. Overall susceptibilities of 678 C. jejuni and 119 C. coli strains, collected from 10 Spanish provinces during 2006 and 2007, were determined by Etest. In high-level erythromycin-resistant strains, molecular determinants ...

The presence of Campylobacter spp. was investigated in 41 Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) and 9 Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) at Deception Island, Antarctica. Infections were encountered in six Antarctic fur seals. The isolates, the first reported from marine mammals in the Antarctic region, were identified as Campylobacter insulaenigrae and ...

Campylobacter jejuni is a major food-borne pathogen. Despite causing enteritis in humans, it is a well-adapted intestinal microorganism in animals, hardly ever generating disease symptoms. Nevertheless, as a true microaerophilic microorganism it is still puzzling how Campylobacter cells can survive on chicken meat, the main source of human infection. In ...

While cross-contamination from equipment and scalding water containing Campylobacter jejuni is considered the main route of broiler carcass contamination during slaughtering, alternative sources of C. jejuni may have been overlooked because only a limited number of studies focus on sampling of one broiler flock along the entire food chain and ...

The present study aimed to document quantitatively and qualitatively the contamination by thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. of turkey samples during slaughtering. Four Campylobacter-positive turkey flocks were investigated at the slaughterhouse at three different stages: evisceration (cecal content), after carcass rinses but before chilling (neck skin), and after breast meat cut (meat). ...

Campylobacter is an important enteric pathogen of humans and can cause diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain. Campylobacter infections have frequently been associated with the handling and consumption of raw and undercooked poultry. Antimicrobial resistance among Campylobacter strains is of concern in the treatment of campylobacteriosis in vulnerable populations. A 2-year ...

A total of 360 spatially and temporally related Campylobacter isolates, including 168 from clinical human cases (Campylobacter jejuni n = 148; Campylobacter coli n = 20) and 192 from retail meats (C. jejuni n = 114; C. coli n = 78), were analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibilities, virulence, and genotypic profiles. ...

The ferric enterobactin (FeEnt) receptor CfrA is present in the majority of Campylobacter jejuni isolates and is responsible for high-affinity iron acquisition. Our recent work and that of others strongly suggested the existence of another FeEnt uptake system in Campylobacter. Here we have identified and characterized a new FeEnt receptor ...

We report the first instance of macrolide resistance developing in vivo following appropriate antibiotic use in a healthy volunteer as a part of a controlled human infection with Campylobacter jejuni. In vivo development of macrolide resistance may be an important contributor to antibiotic resistance in C. jejuni.

Nineteen flocks of four poultry species were monitored at a veterinary field station to investigate the distribution and spread of Campylobacter genotypes between sequential and adjacent flocks. Caecal and liver samples were obtained at frequent intervals from birds of all flocks and examined for Campylobacter. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) ...