Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is an economically important arbovirus of cattle. The main routes of its transmission between countries and continents are not completely elucidated. This study aimed to explore BEFV transmission in the Middle-East. A phylogenetic analysis was performed on the gene encoding the G protein of BEFV ...

The Pst system is a high-affinity inorganic phosphate transporter found in many bacterial species. Streptococcus mutans, the etiological agent of tooth decay, carries a single copy of the pst operon composed of six cistrons (pstS, pstC1, pstC, pstB, smu.1134 and phoU). Here, we show that deletion of pstS, encoding the ...

Grain boundaries (GBs) are ubiquitous in polycrystalline graphene materials obtained by various growth methods. It has been shown previously that considerable electrical transport gap can be opened by grain boundaries. On the other hand, polycrystalline graphene with GBs is an atomically thin membrane that can sustain extraordinary amount of strain. ...

Heme is a key molecule for Staphylococcus aureus and is involved in many aspects of oxidative metabolism. Crucially, heme is required for the activity of the cytochromes of the electron transport chain. S. aureus is able to obtain heme either through biosynthesis or through acquisition from the host. Clinically persistent ...

OBJECTIVES: Poultry have been suggested as a reservoir for fluoroquinolone-resistant extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC). Our aim was to investigate whether genotypes associated with ciprofloxacin and multidrug resistance were shared among human and avian E. coli. METHODS: We compared 277 human ExPEC isolates from urinary tract infection (UTI) and sepsis ...

Propionibacterium acnes, a commensal of human skin, is also an opportunistic pathogen of common acne and other infectious diseases. However, it is still not obvious which strain is pathogenic for a certain infectious diseases, and investigations to characterise pathogenic strains using molecular typing methods such as multilocus sequence typing (MLST) ...

In the present work, we report the characterization of a Cryptosporidium parvum strain isolated from a patient who nearly drowned in the Deule River (Lille, France) after being discharged from the hospital where he had undergone allogeneic stem cell transplantation. After being rescued and readmitted to the hospital, he developed ...

Escherichia coli with extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) type CTX-M resistance were isolated from water samples collected close to research stations in Antarctica. The isolates had bla(CTX-M-1) and bla(CTX-M-15) genotypes and sequence types (ST) indicative of a human-associated origin. This is the first record of ESBL-producing enterobacteria from Antarctica.

Colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) may be persistent in people and is horizontally transmissible. The scientific literature suggests that domestic pets may also participate in cross-transmission of MRSA within households. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of and risk factors for MRSA carriage by pets ...

Risk of Campylobacter infection in humans has been associated with many sources, including dogs. C. upsaliensis is the most common species found in canines, and has been occasionally isolated from symptomatic humans. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of 41 C. upsaliensis isolates carried by dogs and from ...

Antimicrobial resistance is a global problem. It is most prevalent in developing countries where infectious diseases remain common, the use of antibiotics in humans and animals is widespread, and the replacement of older antibiotics with new generation antibiotics is not easy due to the high cost. Information on antibiotic resistance ...

SUMMARYSalmonella is the second most commonly reported human foodborne pathogen in England and Wales, and antimicrobial-resistant strains of Salmonella are an increasing problem in both human and veterinary medicine. In this work we used a generalized linear spatial model to estimate the spatial and temporal patterns of antimicrobial resistance in ...

Staphylococcus aureus can be carried on the skin and nasal passages of humans and animals as a commensal. A case of human methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection resulting from contact with pork has been reported. Poultry carcasses are sold at retail with the skin intact, but pork and beef typically are ...

Increased overlap between humans and wildlife populations has increased the risk for novel disease emergence. Detecting contacts with a high risk for transmission of pathogens requires the identification of dependable measures of microbial exchange. We evaluated antibiotic resistance as a molecular marker for the intensity of human-wildlife microbial connectivity in ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The invasion associated marker (iam) has been detected in the majority of invasive Campylobacter jejuni retrieved from humans. Furthermore, the detection of iam in C. jejuni isolated from two important hosts, humans and chickens, suggested a role for this marker in C. jejuni's colonization of multiple hosts. However, ...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis (S. Choleraesuis) is a highly invasive zoonotic pathogen that causes bacteremia in humans and pigs. The prevalence of S. Choleraesuis in man has gradually decreased since the outbreak of foot and mouth disease in pigs in 1997 in southern Taiwan. The goal of this study ...

This study characterized the fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), including Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Enteroccocus (ENT), disseminated over time in the Bay of Vidy, which is the most contaminated area of Lake Geneva. Sediments were collected from a site located at ∼500m from the present waste water treatment plant (WWTP) ...

OBJECTIVES: To characterize bla(CTX-M-15)-carrying plasmids and lineages of nine strains of Escherichia coli from cattle. METHODS: Plasmid DNA was analysed using PCR-based replicon typing and plasmid sub-typing schemes, restriction fragment length polymorphism, S1 nuclease-PFGE and Southern hybridization. Strains were characterized by PFGE, multilocus sequence typing, phylogenetic grouping and B2-O25b:H4-ST131 (where ...

Succinatimonas hippei is a new bacterial species isolated from human feces. Here we report that the growth of S. hippei YIT 12066(T) depends on CO(2) or bicarbonate and the headspace gas produced by microbiota. Genetic defect for carbonic anhydrase in this bacterium suggested a reason for the syntrophic property of ...

The human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is responsible for acute respiratory tract infections in young children, elderly patients, and immunocompromised hosts. In this study, we genetically analyzed the circulating HMPV in Central and South America from July 2008 to June 2009 and characterized the strains present in this region. Samples were collected ...

Copy number variants (CNVs) represent a substantial source of genomic variation in vertebrates and have been associated with numerous human diseases. Despite this, the extent of CNVs in the zebrafish, an important model for human disease, remains unknown. Using 80 zebrafish genomes, representing three commonly used laboratory strains and one ...

The group A rotavirus (RVA) P[19] is a rare P-genotype of the RVA VP4 gene, reported so far in humans and pigs. Whole genomic analyses of P[19] strains are essential to study their origin and evolutionary patterns. To date, all the 11 genes of only two P[19] strains, RVA/Human-wt/IND/RMC321/1990/G9P[19] and ...

Enhancing the virulence trait of a specific bacterium in an animal model is often performed prior to the use of the strain for ex vivo human studies, such as reactivity with complement and antibody, or with phagocytic cells. For example, in Streptococcus pneumoniae mouse passage is used to enhance capsule production. ...

Campylobacter jejuni is a major zoonotic pathogen. A highly virulent, tetracycline-resistant C. jejuni clone (named clone SA) has recently emerged in ruminant reservoirs and become the predominant cause of sheep abortion in the U.S. To determine whether clone SA is associated with human disease, we compared the clinical isolates of ...

The frequency Escherichia coli O157 genotypes among bovine, food and human clinical isolates from The Netherlands was studied. Genotyping included the lineage-specific polymorphism assay (LSPA6), the Shiga-toxin-encoding bacteriophage insertion site assay (SBI), and PCR detection and/or subtyping of virulence factors and markers (stx1, stx2a/stx2c, q21/Q933, tir255A>T, rhsA 3468C>G). LSPA6 lineage ...

Campylobacter jejuni is a major zoonotic pathogen transmitted to humans via the food chain and is prevalent in chickens, a natural reservoir for this pathogenic organism. Due to the importance of macrolide antibiotics in clinical therapy of human campylobacteriosis, development of macrolide resistance in Campylobacter has become a concern for ...

Four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV 1-4) currently circulate between humans and domestic/peridomestic Aedes mosquitoes, resulting in 100million infections per year. All four serotypes emerged, independently, from sylvatic progenitors transmitted among non-human primates by arboreal Aedes mosquitoes. This study investigated the genetic and phenotypic changes associated with emergence of human ...

Toxoplasma gondii congenital transmission depends partially on parasite load and genotype. Both factors were examined in four mother/newborn pairs with perinatal infection acquired in central Mexico. Type I and type I-related strains were identified. These results add information regarding T. gondii strains prevailing in humans, although neither the genotype nor ...

In this study fecal samples of 586 healthy humans were investigated to determine the occurrence of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae in Swiss people. A total of 5.8% of the human fecal samples yielded ESBL producers and all of the 34 isolated strains were Escherichia coli. PCR analysis revealed that 14 strains ...

We report the first CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) of serogroup O111:H8, a major serotype responsible for human EHEC infections. In line with the recent CTX-M-15/O104:H4 E. coli outbreak, these data may reflect an accelerating spread of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins within the E. coli population, including STEC isolates.

Phenol-soluble modulins are secreted staphylococcal peptides with an amphipathic α-helical structure. Some PSMs are strongly cytolytic toward human neutrophils and represent major virulence determinants during Staphylococcus aureus skin and blood infection. However, capacities of PSMs to lyse human erythrocytes have not been investigated. Here, we demonstrate that many S. aureus ...

ObjectivesTo characterize methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical strains from cats and dogs in France, and to compare the clones identified with the distribution of French human MRSA.MethodsSusceptibilities to antimicrobials were assessed by disc diffusion. Resistance and virulence genes were screened using a microarray-based assay. Isolates were additionally characterized by SmaI ...

Robinsoniella peoriensis is a recently described anaerobic, spore-forming, Gram positive bacillus originally recovered from swine-manure and clinical human samples. In this study, R. peoriensis was isolated from the feces of one set of twin premature neonates. It suggests that this anaerobic bacillus may be a commensal bacterium of human gut.

The human normal microflora is relatively stable at each ecological habitat under normal circumstances and acts as a barrier against colonization by potentially pathogenic microorganisms and against overgrowth of already present opportunistic microorganisms. Administration of antimicrobial agents causes disturbances in the ecological balance between the host and the normal microflora. ...

G10 rotaviruses, which are usually found in cattle, have also been reported in neonatal infections in recent years. During the rotavirus surveillances of children less than 4years of age between 2003 and 2006 in Kolkata, eastern India, 60 out of 1153 samples could not be typed. All 60 samples gave ...

Background:  Helicobacter pylori are a persistent colonizer of the human gastric mucosa, which can lead to the development of peptic ulcer disease and gastric adenocarcinomas. However, H. pylori can asymptomatically colonize a host for years. One factor that has been hypothesized to contribute to such persistence is the production of Lewis ...

Despite the ecological importance of the dominant gut bacteria Bacteroides, few genomes have been defined. The Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic intestinal bacterium Bacteroides faecis MAJ27(T) was isolated from the feces of a healthy adult. Here, the draft genome sequence of the type strain B. faecis MAJ27 (6.11 Mbp) is reported.

TO THE EDITOR: Enterococcus faecalis, which exists commensally in the gut in warm-blooded animals and humans, is an opportunistic pathogen that causes a variety of community-acquired and health care-associated infections, such as urinary tract and intraabdominal infections, bacteremia, and endocarditis (1). Only a few studies have assessed the relationships between ...

The present study determined the genetic relationships between 41 Staphyloccocus (S.) aureus isolates from bovines, humans, and food using a single enzyme amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique. We evaluated the prevalence of staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) genes and other virulence gene determinants by PCR. The identification of S. aureus was ...

Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne human pathogen. Human infection is associated with high mortality rates. Epidemiological investigation and molecular sub-typing can be useful in linking specific sources of infection with human illness. This study describes retrospective use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to examine relationships of 222 isolates from ...

Aim:  To investigate the in vivo gene transfer of high-level gentamicin resistance (HLRG) from Enterococcus faecalis isolated from food of animal origin to a human isolate, using a mouse model of intestinally colonized human microbiota. Methods and Results:  In vitro study: The presence of plasmids involved on HLRG coding was ...

Human illnesses caused by Salmonella species often require antibiotic treatment, and antibiotic resistance for Salmonella species is conferred through multiple mechanisms. Salmonella enterica Thompson, a pathogen commonly infecting poultry, causes human infection following food-borne transmission, and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance for this pathogen have not been well characterized. We isolated ...

We examined long-term surveillance data on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 (DT104) isolates from concurrently sampled and sympatric human and animal populations in Scotland. Using novel ecological and epidemiological approaches to examine diversity, and phenotypic and temporal relatedness of the resistance profiles, we assessed the more probable source ...

BACKGROUND: Cronobacter sakazakii (CS) is an emerging opportunistic pathogen that causes life-threatening infections in infants. This pathogen has been implicated in the outbreaks of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) with associated rates of high mortality and morbidity. In this study, we compared the abilities of CS strains isolated from human and environmental ...

Isolation, cultivation, and characterization of the intestinal microorganisms are important for understanding the comprehensive physiology of the human gastrointestinal tract microbiota. Here, we isolated two novel bacterial strains, YIT 12067(T) and YIT 12068, from the feces of healthy human adults. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that they belonged to the same species, ...

Yersinia enterocolitica infections are common in humans. However, very scarce data are available on the different biotypes and virulence factors of human strains, which has proved to be problematic to assess the clinical significance of the isolated strains. In this study, the presence of the ail gene and distribution of ...

Human group IIA-secreted phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)-IIA) is a bactericidal molecule important for the innate immune defense against Gram-positive bacteria. In this study, we analyzed its role in the host defense against Streptococcus pyogenes, a major human pathogen, and demonstrated that this bacterium has evolved a previously unidentified mechanism to resist ...

The potential for transmission of antibiotic-resistant enteric zoonotic bacteria from animals to humans has been a public health concern for several decades. Bacteria carrying antibiotic resistance genes found in the intestinal tract of food animals can contaminate carcasses and may lead to food-borne disease in humans that may not respond ...

Surveillance for drug-resistant parasites in human blood is a major effort in malaria control. Here we report contrasting antifolate resistance polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum when parasites in human blood were compared with parasites in Anopheles vector mosquitoes from sleeping huts in rural Zambia. DNA encoding P. falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (EC ...

CXA-101 is a novel antipseudomonal cephalosporin with enhanced activity against Gram-negative organisms displaying various resistance mechanisms. This study evaluates the efficacy of exposures approximating human free time above the MIC (fT>MIC) of CXA-101±tazobactam and piperacillin-tazobactam against target Gram-negative organisms including extended-spectrum-β-lactamases (ESBL). Sixteen clinical Gram-negative isolates (6 Pseudomonas aeruginosa [piperacillin-tazobactam ...