The overall measurement of farm level greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in dairy production is not feasible, from either an engineering or administrative point of view. Instead, computational model systems are used to generate emission inventories, demanding a validation by measurement data. This paper tests the GHG calculation of the dairy ...

New hybrid chemometric method has been applied to the emission response data. It deals with convolution of emission data using 8-points sin xi polynomials (discrete Fourier functions) after the derivative treatment of these emission data. This new application was used for the simultaneous determination of Fexofenadine and Montelukast in bulk ...

The objective was to provide a systematic review of the literature on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from swine operations, with a meta-analysis that integrates results of independent studies. A total of 53 studies that measured GHG emissions from swine operations were included in the analyses. Results showed that the Intergovernmental ...

We present a study comparing the accuracy of super-localization imaging of plasmon-mediated emission from gold nanorods (AuNRs) using both Gaussian and dipole emission point-spread function (PSF) models. By fitting the emission PSF of single AuNR luminescence, we have shown that a 3-axis dipole PSF gives improved localization accuracy over the ...

Purpose: In yttrium-90 ((90)Y) microsphere brachytherapy (radioembolization) of unresectable liver cancer, posttherapy (90)Y bremsstrahlung single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) has been used to document the distribution of microspheres in the patient and to help predict potential side effects. The energy window used during projection acquisition can have a significant ...

We present a camera embedded data processing method for localization microscopy (LM) with faster detectors such as scientific complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (sCMOS) cameras. Based on the natural sparsity of single molecule images, this method utilizes the field programmable gate array chip inside a camera to identify and export only the ...

In this Letter, a new algorithm is proposed to detect salient regions by combining spatial and spectral information. First, the input image is considered in both RGB color space and Lab color space. Second, the biggest symmetric surround model and spectral residual are calculated in each channel simultaneously. Third, the ...

An activated sludge model for greenhouse gases no. 1 was calibrated with data from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) without control systems and validated with data from three similar plants equipped with control systems. Special about the calibration/validation approach adopted in this paper is that the data are obtained from ...

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used to study brain networks associated with both normal and pathological cognitive function. The objective of this work is to reliably compute resting state network (RSN) topography in single participants. We trained a supervised classifier (multi-layer perceptron; MLP) to associate blood oxygen ...

The user inputs to OVERSEER® Nutrient Budgets (Overseer) allow farm-specific greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to be estimated. Since the development of the original model, life cycle assessment standards (e.g. PAS 2050) have been proposed and adopted for determining GHG or carbon footprints, which are usually reported as emissions per unit ...

Micrometeorological techniques can be applied to estimate methane (CH4) emissions from ruminants and livestock manure using CH4 concentration measured within the internal surface boundary layer. The main advantage of these techniques is that they are non-intrusive, thereby eliminating the impact of the measurement set-up on the calculated CH4 emission. This ...

Our aim is to describe an original method for estimating the statistical properties of regions of interest (ROIs) in emission tomography. Drawn upon the works of Louis on the approximate inverse, we propose a dual formulation of the ROI estimation problem to derive the ROI activity and variance directly from ...

Hypoxic regions are present in different types of cancer and are a negative prognostic factor for disease progression and response to therapy. (18)F-fluoroazomycin-arabinofuranoside ((18)F-FAZA) and (64)Cu-diacetyl-bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) ((64)Cu-ATSM) have been widely used to visualize hypoxic regions in preclinical and clinical studies. Although both these radioligands have high signal-to-noise ratios, (64)Cu-ATSM may ...

The burgeoning of municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal issue and climate change have drawn massive attention from people. On the one hand, Hong Kong is facing a controversial debate over the implementation of proposed landfill extension (LFE) and advanced incineration facility (AIF) to curb the MSW disposal issue. On the ...

In this paper, we present a timing calibration technique for time-of-flight positron emission tomography (TOF PET) that eliminates the need for a specialized data acquisition. By eliminating the acquisition, the process becomes fully automated, and can be performed with any clinical data set and whenever computing resources are available. It ...

PURPOSE: Diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) can be difficult from clinical symptoms alone. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been suggested as an adjunct diagnostic method. DTI parameter changes have been repeatedly demonstrated, especially in the corticospinal tract (CST) as the predominantly affected structure. However, a recent meta-analysis reported only ...

AZD2066 is a new chemical entity pharmacologically characterized as a selective, negative allosteric modulator of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5). Antagonism of mGluR5 has been implicated in relation to various diseases such as anxiety, depression, and pain disorders. To support translation from preclinical results and previous experiences with ...

Change point detectors (CPDs) are used to segment recordings of single molecules for the purpose of kinetic analysis. The assessment of the accuracy of CPD algorithms has usually been based on testing them with simulated data. However, there have not been methods to assess the output of CPDs from real ...

This article reviews available radionuclide-based techniques for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measurement, focusing on clinical indications for GFR measurement, ideal GFR radiopharmaceutical tracer properties, and the 2 most common tracers in clinical use. Methods for full, 1-compartment, and single-sample renal clearance characterization are discussed. GFR normalization and the role of ...

It is important to study joint contact mechanics to better understand the processes which lead to cartilage degradation. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a finite element (FE) model of a human elbow capable of predicting joint contact area and stress. A cylindrical constrained elbow joint ...

In this paper, we present a complete framework to inverse render faces with a 3D Morphable Model (3DMM). By decomposing the image formation process into geometric and photometric parts, we are able to state the problem as a multilinear system which can be solved accurately and efficiently. As we treat ...

Existing transportation fuel cycle emissions models are either general and calculate non-specific values of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from crude oil production, or are not available for public review and auditing. We have developed the Oil Production Greenhouse Gas Emissions Estimator (OPGEE) to provide open-source, transparent, rigorous GHG assessments for ...

This Letter proposes a generalized unified model (GUM) for the calibration of noncentral catadioptric cameras. Releasing the constraint on the projection center and the orientation of the imaging plane that the traditional unified projection model has, the new model is able to well compensate the misalignment between the mirror and ...

This study aims to quantify how filter choice affects several fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) segmentation methods and present the use of model fitting via generalized estimating equations (GEEs) to appropriately account for the properties of a common segmentation quality metric (Dice similarity coefficient). Spherical and irregularly shaped 'hot' objects ...

We propose a new algorithm to detect facial points in frontal and near-frontal face images. It combines a regression-based approach with a probabilistic graphical model-based face shape model that restricts the search to anthropomorphically consistent regions. While most regression-based approaches perform a sequential approximation of the target location, our algorithm ...

Wind turbines are built at more and more locations-which makes their noise emission an important subject. The international standard IEC 61400-11 and the German Technische Richtlinie fur Windenergieanlagen, Teil of the FGW were set up in order to unify the evaluation of noise emission. Measurement of noise emission according to ...

Temperature controls many processes of NH volatilization. For example, urea hydrolysis is an enzymatically catalyzed reaction described by the Arrhenius equation. Diet crude protein (CP) controls NH emission by affecting N excretion. Our objectives were to use the Arrhenius equation to model NH emissions from beef cattle () feedyards and ...

Exposure to environmental allergens originating from different sources has been implicated in the sensitization to the respective allergens and development of atopic diseases. Keeping domestic animals is associated with exposure to relevant allergens but there are controversial data whether this exposure promotes or protects from the development of atopy. We ...

Dementia is a global epidemic with Alzheimer's disease (AD) being the leading cause. Early identification of patients at risk of developing AD is now becoming an international priority. Neocortical Aβ (extracellular β-amyloid) burden (NAB), as assessed by positron emission tomography (PET), represents one such marker for early identification. These scans ...

In this paper, a logistic prediction model is introduced to characterize the ovarian tissue. A new parameter, the phase retardation rate, was extracted from phase images of polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT). Statistical significance of this parameter between normal and malignant ovarian tissues was demonstrated (p<0.0001). Linear regression analysis showed ...

We show in microwave experiments and random matrix calculations that in samples with a large number of channels the statistics of transmission for different incident channels relative to the average transmission is determined by a single parameter, the participation number of the eigenvalues of the transmission matrix, M. Its inverse, ...

In dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) studies, spectral analysis (SA) refers to a data-driven quantification method, based on a single-input single-output model for which the transfer function is described by a sum of exponential terms. SA allows to quantify numerosities, amplitudes and eigenvalues of the transfer function allowing, in this ...

The characterization and assessment of air-quality in this region are essential steps for the implementation of the "Clean Air Action Plan" as this is set by the Turkish Regulation on Ambient Air-Quality Assessment and Management. This study area intends to shed a light on use of modeling tools as an ...

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated intra- and interoperator reproducibilities in calculating the conventional indices HH15 and LHL15 from (99m)Tc-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid galactosyl human serum albumin ((99m)Tc-GSA) scintigraphy, and proposed new, simple methods for the calculation of quantitative indices. METHODS: The results of (99m)Tc-GSA scintigraphy in 33 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Heart and ...

Integrated Assessment, and the development of strategies to reduce the impacts of air pollution, has tended to focus only upon the direct emissions from different sources, with the indirect emissions associated with the full life-cycle of a technology often overlooked. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) reflects a number of new ...

There is world-wide concern for the contribution of dairy farming to global warming. However, there is still a need to improve the quantification of the C-footprint of dairy farming systems under different production systems and locations since most of the studies (e.g. at farm-scale or using LCA) have been carried ...

State-of-the-art schemes for reversible data hiding (RDH) usually consist of two steps: firstly construct a host sequence with a sharp histogram via prediction errors, and then embed messages by modifying the histogram with methods such as difference expansion and histogram shift. In this paper, we focus on the second stage, ...

Single molecule FRET microscopy is an attractive technique for studying structural dynamics and conformational diversity of nucleic acid structures. Some of its strengths are that it can follow structural changes on a fast time scale and identify conformation distributions arising from dynamic or static population heterogeneity. Here, we give a ...

INTRODUCTION: When using metabolic trapping type tracers, the tracers are not always trapped in the target tissue; i.e., some are completely trapped in the target, but others can be eliminated from the target tissue at a measurable rate. The tracers that can be eliminated are termed 'incomplete trapping irreversible tracers'. ...

Altering environmental conditions change structures of microbial communities. These effects have an impact on the single-cell level and can be sensitively detected using community flow cytometry. However, although highly accurate, microbial monitoring campaigns are still rarely performed applying this technique. One reason is the limited access to pattern analysis approaches ...

Dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (DCE-CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) are functional imaging techniques. They aim to characterise the microcirculation by applying the principles of tracer-kinetic analysis to concentration-time curves measured in individual image pixels. In this paper, we review the basic principles of DCE-MRI and DCE-CT, with a specific ...

BACKGROUND: A kinetic model analysis was recently proposed to estimate the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) integrated activity in an arbitrary tissue that uses tracer uptake and release rate constants. The aim of the current theoretical paper was to estimate 18F-FDG integrated activity using one standardized uptake value (SUV). METHODS: A further kinetic ...

PURPOSE: Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful tool in small animal research, enabling noninvasive quantitative imaging of biochemical processes in living subjects. However, the dosimetric characteristics of small animal PET imaging are usually overlooked, although the radiation dose may be significant. The variations of anatomical characteristics between the various ...

Two new extensions of latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), denoted topic-supervised LDA and class-specific-simplex LDA (css-LDA), are proposed for image classification. An analysis of the supervised LDA models currently used for this task shows that the impact of class information on the topics discovered by these models is very weak in ...

In this study, the TAMNROM-3D model, a 3D Eulerian near-road air quality model with vehicle induced turbulence parameterization and a MOVES based emission preprocessor, is tested using near-road gaseous pollutants data collected near a rural freeway with 34% heavy duty vehicle traffic. Exhaust emissions of gasses from the vehicles are ...

The failure of current strategies to provide an explanation for controversial findings on the pattern of pathophysiological changes in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) motivates the necessity to develop new integrative approaches based on multi-modal neuroimaging data that captures various aspects of disease pathology. Previous studies using [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) ...

Paul Soloway's development of single molecule approaches to study epigenetics caught our attention. Curious to know more, BioTechniques contacted him to find out about the ambition, character, and motivation that led to his success.

It is often challenging to ascribe an objective measure of confidence for identifications based on surveillance imagery from a crime scene. The present work seeks to address this deficiency in the case of garment comparison evidence by developing a quantitative method for establishing a conservative lower bound on the likelihood ...

For data preprocessing and artefact removal in an ERP experiment we were confronted with the question how blink artefacts can be detected reliably, even in the absence of usable electrooculogram (EOG) data. We propose an objective and quantitative method for the automatic detection of eyeblink artefacts from raw data using ...

Current network intrusion detection systems lack adaptability to the frequently changing network environments. Furthermore, intrusion detection in the new distributed architectures is now a major requirement. In this paper, we propose two online Adaboost-based intrusion detection algorithms. In the first algorithm, a traditional online Adaboost process is used where decision ...