Animal models can be used to contribute to understanding the information about molecular mechanisms involved in anxiety and for screening and developing new medications for their treatment that would be impossible in humans. The human studies have established the genetic basis of anxiety and animal studies have been used to ...

Some patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) suffer from pain before motor symptoms. To model this, we proposed to assess the mechanical hypersensitivity in an animal model of PD with a bilateral lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway. PD model was validated by a decrease of locomotor activity and a 76% dopamine ...

Emergency department (ED) overcrowding reduces efficiency and increases the risk of medical error leading to adverse events. Technical solutions and models have done little to redress this. A full year's worth of ethnographic observations of patient flow were undertaken, which involved making hand-written field-notes of the communication and activities of ...

This study used structural equation modeling to evaluate a mediation model of the relationship between trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and perpetration of intimate partner physical and psychological aggression in trauma-exposed veterans and their cohabitating spouses (n = 286 couples; 88% male veteran and female spouse, 80.8% White, ...

A "whispering gallery" (WG) at the Great Ballcourt (GBC) was first reported during its excavation in the 1920s by American archaeologist Silvanus Morley (1883-1948), Director of the Carnegie Institution's Chichen Itza project. In his 1925 National Geographic article Morley wrote: "Standing in this temple one can speak in a low ...

BACKGROUND: We assessed the local implementation of syndromic surveillance (SyS) as part of the European project 'System for Information on, Detection and Analysis of Risks and Threats to Health' in Santander, Spain. METHODS: We applied a cumulative sum algorithm on emergency department (ED) chief complaints for influenza-like illness in the ...

Classical multivariate mixed models that acknowledge the correlation of patients through the incorporation of normal error terms are widely used in cohort studies. Violation of the normality assumption can make the statistical inference vague. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian parametric approach by relaxing this assumption and substituting some ...

SETTING: European and Advanced Paediatric Life Support training courses. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-nine certified CPR providers. INTERVENTIONS: CPR providers were randomly allocated to a 'no-feedback' or 'feedback' group, performing two-thumb and two-finger chest compressions on a "physiological", instrumented resuscitation manikin. Baseline data was recorded without feedback, before chest compressions were repeated with ...

This article addresses the issue of complex trauma in veterans and treatments for symptom presentations resulting from complex trauma exposure. While various definitions have been proposed for complex trauma, the clinical issues related to it are relevant for veterans as they are at risk for cumulative trauma exposures such as ...

Two concepts have been proposed for the hemostatic changes occurring early after trauma. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) with the fibrinolytic phenotype is characterized by activation of the coagulation pathways, insufficient anticoagulant mechanisms and increased fibrinolysis. Coagulopathy of trauma and acute coagulopathy of trauma-shock (COT/ACOTS) occurs as a result of increased ...

Objective: To examine the validity of using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) diagnosis codes from United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) data to describe prevalence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) among military veterans. Methods: VA clinicians complete a standardized TBI evaluation to determine whether veterans' deployment exposures resulted in ...

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to assess changes in cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) quality and rescuer fatigue when rescuers are provided with a break during continuous chest compression CPR(CCC-CPR). METHODS: The present prospective, randomized crossover study involved 63 emergency medical technician trainees. The subjects performed three different CCC-CPR methods on a manikin ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Research suggests that there are a number of factors which can be associated with delay in a patient seeking professional help following chest pain, including demographic and social factors. These factors may have an adverse impact on the efficacy of interventions which to date have had limited success ...

The rate of soft tissue sprain/strain injuries to the cervical spine and associated cost continue to be significant; however, the physiological nature of this injury makes experimental tests challenging while aspects such as occupant position and musculature may contribute to significant variability in the current epidemiological data. Several theories have ...

Objective. This study aims to provide robust estimates of EQ-5D as a function of the HAQ and pain in patients with RA.Method. Repeated observations were made of patients diagnosed with RA in a US observational cohort (n = 100 398 observations) who provided data on HAQ, pain on a visual ...

The probability of survival (P(S)) in blunt trauma as calculated by Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) has been an indispensable tool in trauma audit. The aim of this study is to explore the predictive performance of the latest updated TRISS model by investigating the Age variable recategorisations and application ...

INTRODUCTION: Perimortem cesarean section is a rare, time-critical, and potentially life-saving procedure for both the fetus and mother. This makes perimortem cesarean section an ideal and recommended subject for simulation learning and practice. METHODS: Various attempts have been made to produce models to simulate emergency caesarian sections. We designed a ...

Abstract This article is a tutorial for emergency department (ED) medical directors needing to anticipate ED arrivals in support of strategic, tactical, and operational planning and activities. The authors demonstrate our regression-based forecasting models based on data obtained from a large teaching hospital's ED. The versatility of the regression analysis ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Patients with whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) have a generally favourable prognosis, yet some develop longstanding pain and disability. Predicting who will recover from WAD shortly after a traffic collision is very challenging for health care providers such as physical therapists. Therefore, we aimed to develop a prediction model for ...

BACKGROUND: Massive haemorrhage is a leading cause of preventable deaths in trauma. Traumatic coagulopathy is frequently present early after trauma, and is associated with increased mortality. A number of recent trials suggest that viscoelastic haemostatic assays (VHA), such as thromboelastography and thromboelastometry, are useful tools in guiding transfusion. Treatment algorithms ...

We are motivated by a randomized clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of amitriptyline for the treatment of interstitial cystitis and painful bladder syndrome in treatment-naïve patients. In the trial, both the non-adherence rate and the rate of loss to follow-up are fairly high. To estimate the effect of the treatment ...

I define psychic traumas as pre-concepts resulting when a transient event changes into a permanent one that will remain constantly conjoined(1) and is structured as an unconscious emotional narrative that compulsively repeats. I refer to pre-conceptual traumas because they represent events that took place at a time when there was ...

We have previously shown how screening experiments for neuropathic pain can be optimised taking into account parameter and model uncertainty. Here we demonstrate how optimised protocols can be used to screen and rank candidate molecules. The concept is illustrated by pregabalin as a new chemical entity and gabapentin as a ...

BACKGROUND: Community violence is a substantial problem for the NHS. Information sharing of emergency department data with community safety partnerships (CSP) has been associated with substantial reductions in assault attendances in emergency departments supported by academic institutions. We sought to validate these findings in a setting not supported by a ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Although there is a major need to record and analyse presenting complaints in emergency departments (EDs), no international standard exists. The aim of the present study was to produce structured complaint classification suitable for ED use and to implement it in practice. The structured classification evolved from a ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Appropriate postoperative pain management contributes to earlier mobilization, shorter hospitalization, and reduced cost. The under treatment of pain may impede short-term recovery and have a detrimental long-term effect on health. This study focuses on Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA), which is a delivery system for pain medication. This study ...

BACKGROUND: Porcine skin exhibits a high degree of homology to human skin, and the pig has recently been used as a cutaneous pain model. However, before the full potential of this novel in vivo cutaneous pain model can be achieved, several methodological aspects related to the management of awake animal ...

High-speed biplane x-ray was used to investigate relative kinematics of the thoracoabdominal organs in response to blunt loading. Four post-mortem human surrogates instrumented with radiopaque markers were subjected to eight crash- specific loading scenarios, including frontal chest and abdominal impacts, as well as driver-shoulder seatbelt loading. Testing was conducted with ...

Trauma center profiling is commonly performed with Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMRs). However, comparison of SMRs across trauma centers with different case mix can induce confounding leading to biased trauma center ranks. We hypothesized that Regression-Adjusted Mortality (RAM) estimates would provide a more valid measure of trauma center performance than SMRs. ...

This paper presents new results from a detailed study of the structure of autocatalytic sets. We show how autocatalytic sets can be decomposed into smaller autocatalytic subsets, and how these subsets can be identified and classified. We then argue how this has important consequences for the evolvability, enablement, and emergence ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Over the past five decades, clinicians and researchers have debated the impact of the Holocaust on the children of its survivors. The transgenerational transmission of trauma has been explored in more than 500 articles, which have failed to reach reliable conclusions that could be generalized. The psychiatric literature ...

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2012; 19:1079-1083 © 2012 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine ABSTRACT: Simulation training has been effectively used to integrate didactic knowledge and technical skills in emergency and critical care medicine. In this article, we introduce a novel model of simulating lung ultrasound and the features of ...

Overcrowding is a phenomenon commonly observed at emergency departments (EDs) in many hospitals, and negatively impacts patients, healthcare professionals and organisations. Health care organisations are expected to act proactively to cope with a high patient volume by understanding and predicting the patterns of ED presentations. The aim of this study ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to describe a reimbursement model that was developed by one Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) to transition from fee-for-service to add a combination of pay for performance and reporting model of reimbursement for chiropractic care. METHODS: The previous incentive program used by the HMO ...

Abstract Objective: To analyze the effect of orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction on the stress distribution of the occlusal force in the human skull. Materials and Methods: A three-dimensional finite element (3D FE) model was constructed based on computed tomography scan data, and it served as the pretreatment model. For ...

Accelerometers, whether in smart phones or wearable physiological monitoring systems are becoming widely used to identify movement and activities of free living individuals. Although there has been much work in applying computationally intensive methods to this problem, this paper focuses on developing a real-time gait analysis approach that is intuitive, ...

The cost of the medical treatment of low back pain (LBP) was estimated to be $24 billion in the early 90s. Also, 80% of the LBP is estimated to be due to poor or inappropriate posture. The ultimate goal of the project is to develop a surface electromyography (sEMG)-based device ...

Falls are a common problem in the elderly population, and their prediction has been a major interest for the medical field. The relationship between stumbles and falls has not been very well understood yet. A critical requirement in advancing the study of this relationship is the realization of a realistic ...

Lipid peroxidation is a common feature of many chemical and biological processes, and is governed by a complex kinetic scheme. A fundamental stage in kinetic investigations of lipid peroxidation is the accurate determination of the rate of peroxidation, which in many instances is heavily reliant on the method of finite ...

  Land-use change is affecting Earth's capacity to support both wild species and a growing human population. The question is how best to manage landscapes for both species conservation and economic output. If large areas are protected to conserve species richness, then the unprotected areas must be used more intensively. ...

The kinetics of perchlorate reduction by zero-valent titanium (ZVT) undergoing electrical pitting corrosion was described by interactions of two domains (pit and solution). Two kinetic models were developed based on two possible inhibition mechanisms. A competitive adsorption model was developed based on surface coverage of perchlorate and chloride on bare ...

Salinity is a major environmental stress and a substantial constraint on plant production. The objective of this research was to better understand the mechanisms of the antioxidant responses of leaves and roots to NaCl-salinity stress in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). The effects of NaCl-salinity stress (1, 3, 5, 10 and ...

Differences in the toxicity of ambient particulate matter (PM) due to varying particle composition across locations may contribute to variability in results from air pollution epidemiologic studies. Though most studies have used PM mass concentration as the exposure metric, an alternative which accounts for particle toxicity due to varying particle ...

We develop a spatial Poisson hurdle model to explore geographic variation in emergency department (ED) visits while accounting for zero inflation. The model consists of two components: a Bernoulli component that models the probability of any ED use (i.e., at least one ED visit per year), and a truncated Poisson ...

The genera of Mallotus and Phyllanthus contain several species that are commonly used as traditional medicines in oriental countries. Some species show interesting pharmaceutical activities, such as an antioxidant activity. To produce clinically useful medicines or food supplements (nutraceuticals) from these herbs, the species should be identified and a thorough ...

The aim of this study was to predict stress modification in the temporomandibular joint.

We report a physical model for multilevel switching in oxide-based bipolar resistive memory (ReRAM). To confirm the validity of the model, we conduct experiments with tantalum-oxide-based ReRAM of which multi-resistance levels are obtained by reset voltage modifications. It is also noticeable that, in addition to multilevel switching capability, the ReRAM ...

The ozone effect on Norway spruce (Picea abies (L) Karst.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) was studied on 48 monitoring plots in 2005-2008. These plots represent two major forest tree species stands of different ages in eight regions of the Czech Republic. The forest conditions were represented by defoliation ...

Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. We and others have shown that over expression of the mitochondrial antioxidant superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD-2) can improve many of the pathologies in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease that harbors the Swedish mutation in ...

The design and development of antioxidant molecules have lately gained a great deal of focus which is attributed to their immense biomedicinal importance in combating the free radical associated health hazards. In a situation to replenish the endogenous antioxidant loss, synthetic molecules with potent antioxidant activity is demanded. The present ...