Quantum theory is a powerful framework for probabilistic modeling of cognition. Strong empirical evidence suggests the context- and order-dependent representation of human judgment and decision-making processes, which falls beyond the scope of classical Bayesian probability theories. However, considering behavior as the output of underlying neurobiological processes, a fundamental question remains ...

The CABS-flex server (http://biocomp.chem.uw.edu.pl/CABSflex) implements CABS-model-based protocol for the fast simulations of near-native dynamics of globular proteins. In this application, the CABS model was shown to be a computationally efficient alternative to all-atom molecular dynamics-a classical simulation approach. The simulation method has been validated on a large set of molecular ...

Distance based phylogenetic methods attempt to reconstruct an accurate phylogenetic tree from an estimated matrix of pair-wise distances between taxa. This paper examines two distance based algorithms (GreedyBME and FastME) which are based on the principle of minimising the balanced minimum evolution score of the output tree in relation to ...

We have developed a Monte-Carlo photon-tracking and readout simulator called SCOUT to study the stochastic behavior of signals output from a simplified rectangular scintillation-camera design. SCOUT models the salient processes affecting signal generation, transport, and readout of a scintillation camera. In this work, we compare output signal statistics from SCOUT ...

Purpose: The current study compared output from the vertical axis of two models of ActiGraph accelerometers under free-living and laboratory conditions in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) and matched controls. Method: The sample included 41 cases of MS and 41 controls matched by age, sex, height and weight. Participants concurrently ...

Neural-Scaled Entropy (NSE) is an objective metric used to quantify "information" available in speech consequent hearing loss, hearing aid signal processing, and distortion from various environmental factors. One pursuit is to use NSE to find optimum hearing aid settings that maximize speech perception. Inspired by the Cochlear-Scaled Entropy model [Stilp ...

This paper presents a new methodology for computational speaker recognition based on a mathematical model of articulatory speech production. The method, based on articulatory phonology is tested on the MOCHA database for recognizing a male speaker and a female speaker. From an engineering perspective, in articulatory phonology one is interested ...

The binaural cue decoding in the human auditory pathway occurs in the medial superior olive (MSO) and the lateral superior olive (LSO). The MSO is sensitive to interaural time difference (ITD), whereas the LSO is sensitive to interaural level difference as well as to ITD at low frequencies. Functional models ...

In this second of two associated papers, the properties of the physiology-based auditory model are investigated. This includes finding of appropriate parameters and simulating various responses. In the end the model is intended to reproduce the human ear, hence human data is used for fitting. Only the trend of active ...

The perceptual effects of audio processing in devices such as hearing aids can be predicted by comparing auditory model outputs for the processed signal to the model outputs for a clean reference signal. This paper presents an improved auditory model that can be used for both intelligibility and quality predictions. ...

BACKGROUND: This paper presents a versatile way for estimating antioxidant activity and anthocyanin content at ripening stages of sweet cherry by combining image processing and two artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. In comparison with common time consuming laboratory methods for determining these important attributes, this way is economical and much faster. ...

Radioactive liquid waste is generated during operation and maintenance of Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs). Generally low level liquid waste is diluted and then discharged into the near by water-body through blowdown water discharge line as per the standard waste management practice. The effluents from nuclear installations are treated adequately ...

Input-output analysis is frequently used in studies of large-scale weather-related (e.g., Hurricanes and flooding) disruption of a regional economy. The economy after a sudden catastrophe shows a multitude of imbalances with respect to demand and production and may take months or years to recover. However, there is no consensus about ...

Freedom from infection modeling, using scenario trees, has become an established methodology and is well described in the literature. However, standards for organizing and reporting the surveillance information incorporated into such models are less developed. Canada has been routinely testing for Trichinella spiralis in market hogs in federally inspected slaughter ...

Dengue is the world's major arbovirosis and therefore an important public health concern in endemic areas. The availability of weekly reports of dengue cases in Singapore offers the opportunity to analyze the transmission dynamics and the impact of vector control strategies. Based on a previous model studying the impact of ...

Although various formulas predicting plasma sodium level ([Na]) are proposed for correction of hyponatremia, it seems that an anticipated [Na] frequently exceeds or falls below the measured [Na], especially in syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). The causative factors of the fluctuation have never been investigated clearly. The aim ...

There exists an abundance of systems and algorithms for multiple target detection and tracking in video, and many measures for evaluating the quality of their output have been proposed. The contribution of this paper lies in the following: first, it argues that such performance measures should have two fundamental properties ...

This paper reports on the calorific value of synthetic gas (syngas) produced by gasification of dewatered sludge derived from treatment of tannery wastewater. Proximate and ultimate analyses of samples were performed. Thermochemical conversion alters the chemical structure of the waste. Dried air was used as a gasification agent at varying ...

Acoustic channel estimation is an important problem in various applications. Unlike many existing channel estimation techniques that need known probe or training signals, this paper develops a blind multipath channel identification algorithm. The proposed approach is based on the single-input multiple-output model and exploits the sparse multichannel structure. Three sparse ...

Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods are increasingly popular among epidemiologists. The reason for this may in part be that MCMC offers an appealing approach to handling some difficult types of analyses. Additionally, MCMC methods are those most commonly used for Bayesian analysis. However, epidemiologists are still largely unfamiliar with ...

Researchers and commissions contend that the risk of human extinction is high, but none of these estimates have been based upon a rigorous methodology suitable for estimating existential risks. This article evaluates several methods that could be used to estimate the probability of human extinction. Traditional methods evaluated include: simple ...

Differential equation models can be used to describe the relationships between the current state of a system of constructs (e.g., stress) and how those constructs are changing (e.g., based on variable-like experiences). The following article describes a differential equation model based on the concept of a reservoir. With a physical ...

Automated model-building software aims at the objective interpretation of crystallographic diffraction data by means of the construction or completion of macromolecular models. Automated methods have rapidly gained in popularity as they are easy to use and generate reproducible and consistent results. However, the process of model building has become increasingly ...

BACKGROUND: Comparative-effectiveness research (CER) at the population level is missing standardized approaches to quantify and weigh interventions in terms of their clinical risks, benefits, and uncertainty. OBJECTIVES: We proposed an adapted CER framework for population decision making, provided example displays of the outputs, and discussed the implications for population decision ...

Previous studies have shown that contextually high-predictability ideas are essential for one to sense the authorship of thoughts and that having the sense that one came up with an idea of one's own, instead of through hearing of another's idea, results in the feeling that one has output the ideas. ...

This paper measures environmental efficiency (EE) in 63 countries over the period 1981-2005 and analyzes whether the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol is accompanied by an increase in environmental efficiency during the same period. Differences in EE across countries under distinct country-specific production frontiers are measured using a directional distance ...

Background Cardiac output (CO) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) are two important parameters of the cardiovascular system. The ability to measure these parameters continuously and noninvasively may assist in diagnosing and monitoring patients with suspected cardiovascular diseases, or other critical illnesses. In this study, a method is proposed to estimate ...

In this paper we introduce ParaGlide, a visualization system designed for interactive exploration of parameter spaces of multi-dimensional simulation models. To get the right parameter configuration, model developers frequently have to go back and forth between setting input parameters and qualitatively judging the outcomes of their model. Current state-of-the-art tools ...

Models for acoustic transducers, such as loudspeakers, mastoid bone-drivers, hearing-aid receivers, etc., are critical elements in many acoustic applications. Acoustic transducers employ two-port models to convert between acoustic and electromagnetic signals. This study analyzes a widely-used commercial hearing-aid receiver ED series, manufactured by Knowles Electronics, Inc..Electromagnetic transducer modeling must consider ...

Sensitivity analysis is a powerful tool in determining parameters to which the system output is most responsive, in assessing robustness of the system to extreme circumstances or unusual environmental conditions, in identifying rate limiting pathways as a candidate for drug delivery, and in parameter estimation for calculating the Hessian of ...

BACKGROUND: Capturing the complex time pattern of physical activity and sedentary behavior using accelerometry remains a challenge. Research from occupational health suggests Exposure Variation Analysis (EVA) could provide a meaningful tool. This paper 1) explains the application of EVA to accelerometer data, 2) demonstrates how EVA thresholds and derivatives could ...

Over-parametrization in modelling is a well-known issue that makes it hard to identify which part of a model is responsible for a given behaviour. In line with that ascertainment, this work presents the outline of an empirical method to simplify models by decreasing the number of parameters. By using regression ...

We consider molecular communication networks consisting of transmitters and receivers distributed in a fluidic medium. In such networks, a transmitter sends one or more signalling molecules, which are diffused over the medium, to the receiver to realise the communication. In order to be able to engineer synthetic molecular communication networks, ...

A model of analogue K-winners-take-all (KWTA) neural circuit which can identify the K largest from N unknown wide range inputs, where 1≤K<N, is presented and analysed. The model is described by one state equation with discontinuous right-hand side and output equation. An existence and uniqueness, stability and convergence to the ...

Synthetic biology includes an effort to use design-based approaches to create novel controllers, biological systems aimed at regulating the output of other biological processes. The design of such controllers can be guided by results from control theory, including the strategy of integral feedback control, which is central to regulation, sensory ...

The decomposition of high-density surface EMG (HD-sEMG) interference patterns into the contribution of motor units is still a challenging task. We introduce a new, fast solution to this problem. The method uses a data-driven approach for selecting a set of electrodes to enable discrimination of present motor unit action potentials ...

MOTIVATION: Very large phylogenies are being built today in order to study virus evolution, trace the origin of epidemics, establish the mode of transmission, and survey the appearance of drug resistance. However, no tool is available to quickly inspect these phylogenies and combine them with extrinsic traits (e.g. geographic location, ...

In this study, a DEA based Malmquist index model was developed to assess the relative efficiency and productivity of U.S. states in decreasing the number of road fatalities. Even though the national trend in fatal crashes has reached to the lowest level since 1949 (Traffic Safety Annual Assessment Highlights, 2010), ...

Label-free quantification using precursor-based intensities is a versatile workflow for large-scale proteomics studies. The method requires extensive computational analysis and is therefore in need of robust quality control during the data mining stage. We present a new label-free data analysis workflow integrated into a multi-user software platform. A novel adaptive ...

Data fusion was first developed for combining sensor outputs for military applications; when used for similarity-based virtual screening, the sensor outputs that are combined are the database rankings that result from multiple similarity searches. The expectation, which is often the case in practice, is that such combined rankings will have ...

This paper proposes a new representation of discrete bilinear model by developing its coefficients associated to the input, to the output and to the crossed product on three independent Laguerre orthonormal bases. Compared to classical bilinear model, the resulting model entitled bilinear-Laguerre model ensures a significant parameter number reduction as ...

In this chapter we describe the workflow used in our laboratory for label-free quantitative shotgun proteomics based on spectral counting. The main tools used are a series of R modules known collectively as the Scrappy program. We describe how to go from peptide to spectrum matching in a shotgun proteomics ...

Ocean circulation models are widely used to simulate organism transport in the open sea, where challenges of directly tracking organisms across vast spatial and temporal scales are daunting. Many recent studies tout the use of 'high-resolution' models, which are forced with atmospheric data on the scale of several hours and ...

We analyse the output-unemployment relationship using an approach based on cross-recurrence plots and quantitative recurrence analysis. We use post-war period quarterly U.S. data. The results obtained show the emergence of a complex and interesting relationship.

This paper describes a modeling-control paradigm to control the hippocampal output (CA1 response) for the development of hippocampal prostheses. In order to bypass a damaged hippocampal region (e.g., CA3), downstream hippocampal signal (e.g., CA1 responses) needs to be reinstated based on the upstream hippocampal signal (e.g., dentate gyrus responses) via ...

The US. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed the Watershed Deposition Tool (WDT) to calculate from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model output the nitrogen, sulfur and mercury deposition rates to watersheds and their sub-basins. The CMAQ model simulates from first principles the transport, transformation, and removal of atmospheric ...

Large-scale sequence studies requiring BLAST-based analysis produce huge amounts of data to be parsed. BLAST parsers are available, but they are often missing some important features, such as keeping all information from the raw BLAST output, allowing direct access to single results, and performing logical operations over them. We ...

This paper discusses modeling and automatic feedback control of (postural and rest) tremor for adaptive-control-methodology-based estimation of deep brain stimulation (DBS) parameters. The simplest linear oscillator-based tremor model, between stimulation amplitude and tremor, is investigated by utilizing input-output knowledge. Further, a nonlinear generalization of the oscillator-based tremor model, useful for ...

Comprehensive gene expression analysis has been applied to investigate the molecular mechanism of toxicity, which is generally known as toxicogenomics (TGx). When analyzing large-scale gene expression data obtained by microarray analysis, typical multivariate data analysis methods performed with commercial software such as hierarchical clustering or principal component analysis usually do ...

This chapter describes the approach to define the cause of male infertility in a genetically modified male mouse. It provides a guide to the establishment of the infertility status and whether it is due to the failure of mating or due to abnormalities of the sperm output, motility, and morphology. ...