We determine the complexity of several constraint satisfaction problems using the quantum adiabatic algorithm in its simplest implementation. We do so by studying the size dependence of the gap to the first excited state of "typical" instances. We find that, at large sizes N, the complexity increases exponentially for all ...

A metacommunity can be defined as a set of communities that are linked by migration, and extinction and recolonization. In metacommunities, evolution can occur not only by processes that occur within communities such as drift and individual selection, but also by among-community processes, such as divergent selection owing to random ...

In medicine, racial differences are frequently presented as part of the best explanation of differences in the risk of diseases. The problem of using racial classification in biomedical research has become important because of its ethical consequences in society. However, the biological relevance of the concept of race cannot be ...

This study examines the interpersonal problems profiles of obese individuals by cluster analysing the interpersonal problems circumplex scores of participants. The Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Short Circumplex (IIP-32) was completed by 368 treatment-seeking obese individuals. These data were cluster analysed, and groups of obese subjects defined by varying interpersonal problems were ...

Abstract An overview of the Restricted Growth Function Genetic Algorithm is given. Empirically we show that the algorithm exhibits poor performance and is consistently outperformed on a range of problems by two very basic evolutionary algorithms with blind operators.

Latent class analysis was used to delineate distinctive subgroups of gamblers and examine whether they differed by demographics and gambling severity. Data from three Canadian provinces focused on respondents who reported at least some risk of problem gambling in the past year (N= 1,071). Three latent classes were distinguished: a ...

We implemented a problem-solving task in which groups of participants simultaneously played a simple innovation game in a complex problem space, with score feedback provided after each of a number of rounds. Each participant in a group was allowed to view and imitate the guesses of others during the game. ...

Abstract The importance of the concepts of present moment and implicit communication to group psychotherapy is discussed in relation to the articles by Gans and by Counselman and Abernethy and to the life work of Anne Alonso. Clinical examples are used to illustrate the discussion.

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) and Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) are associated with a number of specific topographies of problem behavior. Very few studies have examined the function served by problem behavior in these groups. Using the Questions About Behavioral Function scale Matson and Vollmer (User's guide: questions about behavioral function (QABF). ...

This study uses multilevel analysis to examine individual, organizational and community levels of influence on condom use among female commercial sex workers (FSW) in the Philippines. A randomized controlled study involving 1,382 female commercial sex workers assigned to three intervention groups consisting of peer education, managerial training, combined peer and ...

Elderly suicide rates are the highest of any age group. Greece is among the countries with the highest proportion of elderly people in the European Union (EU). Elderly suicide victims seem to possess different characteristics. Aim of our study was to elucidate the different characteristics of elderly suicide victims. Data ...

The authors investigated built environment (BE) factors in urban neighborhoods in DeKalb County, Georgia. Each volunteering, consenting senior was placed into one of two groups: walking tours outside, then discussions (n=37); and focus group discussions indoors about photographs of BE conditions potentially influencing mobility (n=43). The authors sought to identify ...

This paper describes challenges of studying complex and changing families and provides suggestions for methods of analyses to study these family systems. Five common problems that NIMH-funded investigators have encountered in analyzing family based studies are addressed and analytic solutions for addressing these problems are illustrated using data from Family ...

This study investigated the influence of five problem characteristics on students' achievement-related classroom behaviors and academic achievement. Data from 5,949 polytechnic students in PBL curricula across 170 courses were analyzed by means of path analysis. The five problem characteristics were: (1) problem clarity, (2) problem familiarity, (3) the extent to ...

Nearly all of today's confident dismissals of the notion of a "post-racial" America address the simple question, "Are we beyond racism or not?" But most of the writers who have used the terms post-racial or post-ethnic sympathetically have explored other questions: What is the significance of the blurring of ethnoracial ...

This article investigates the targeting of cyclone relief within villages in Fiji. It focuses on how relief allocation is linked with informal risk sharing and elite capture, both of which are directly related to kinship. The results are as follows. First, food aid is initially targeted toward kin groups according ...

Community resilience activities were assessed in workplace teams that became first responders for Hurricane Katrina survivors. Community resilience was assessed by a survey, focus groups, and key informant interviews. On the survey, 90 first responders ranked their team's disaster response performance as high on community resilience activities. The same participants, ...

Suicidal behaviour among youth is a major public health concern in Sri Lanka. Prevention of youth suicides using effective, feasible and culturally acceptable methods is invaluable in this regard, however research in this area is grossly lacking. This study aimed at determining the effectiveness of problem solving counselling as a ...

  Recreational angling is a popular leisure activity, the quality of which is greatly dependent on fish abundance and well-functioning aquatic ecosystems. Aquatic protected areas (APAs) are used to help maintain and even restore aquatic systems and their associated biota, including fish species that are popular with recreational anglers. Paradoxically, ...

We propose that social categorization can encourage particular forms of intergroup cooperation because it differentiates a group in need from a group that can give aid. Moreover, social categorization is most likely to occur when individuals perceive procedural justice (i.e., fair treatment) from authorities in a superordinate group that includes ...

This paper presents the results of primary research with 40 survivors of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in two communities: Khao Lak (n=20) and Koh Phi Phi Don (n=20), Thailand. It traces tsunami survivors' perceptions of vulnerability, determines whether residents felt that the tsunami affected different communities differently, identifies the ...

A randomized pre- and post-test control group design was conducted in 12 oncology wards to investigate the effectiveness of an intervention, existing of a communication skills training with web-enabled video feedback and a Question Prompt Sheet (QPS), which aimed to improve patient education to older cancer patients (≥65 years). The ...

We extend research on the priming of insight by studying group problem solving. Groups of 2-4 participants tried to solve an ambiguously worded problem in the presence of a prime that reinforced the dominant but incorrect interpretation of the problem, a prime that reinforced the uncommon but correct interpretation, or ...

We study the problem of finding the maximum interval subgraph in a tree. This problem is related to the Double Digestion Problem of DNA physical mapping. We show that the complexity of an algorithm of Wang is O(n). We also present a linear algorithm of our own. We study the ...

Although disordered eating has been assumed to be associated with interpersonal problems, there is a lack of research regarding the relationship between interpersonal problems and obesity. This study explored associations among self-esteem, binge behaviors, and interpersonal problems in obese individuals, by contrasting obese persons with overweight persons, and to investigate ...

The use of hearing aids can provide plasticity to the hearing system as well as improve speech recognition as time goes by. To compare the influence of the length of hearing aid use on the benefit obtained with the hearing aids in adults and the elderly, new hearing aids users. ...

Do shy people struggle to maintain their relationships just as they struggle to develop them? The current research addressed this question through one cross-sectional and one longitudinal study in which recently married couples reported their levels of shyness, relationship self-efficacy, marital problem severity, and marital satisfaction. Multilevel modeling revealed that ...

Problems with substance use are common in some Aboriginal communities. Although problems with substance use are associated with significant mortality and morbidity, many people who experience them do not seek help. Training in mental health first aid has been shown to be effective in increasing knowledge of symptoms and behaviours ...

This paper presents the findings of an exploratory study to investigate the challenges faced by people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in communities in Cape Town, South Africa. The primary goal of the study was to gather data to inform the adaptation of a group risk reduction intervention to the South ...

The Kadison-Kastler problem asks whether close C*-algebras on a Hilbert space must be spatially isomorphic. We establish this when one of the algebras is separable and nuclear. We also apply our methods to the study of near inclusions of C*-algebras.

We explain the problem of selective inference in complex research using a recently published study: a replicability study of the associations in order to reveal and establish risk loci for type 2 diabetes. The false discovery rate approach to such problems will be reviewed, and we further address two problems: ...

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used for more than a decade to investigate possible supraspinal mechanisms of acupuncture stimulation. More than 60 studies and several review articles have been published on the topic. However, till now some acupuncture-fMRI studies have not adopted all methodological standards applied to most ...

Reporter assays represent a facile tool for studies of RNA interference and are routinely used in functional tests or mechanistic studies of siRNAs and miRNAs. Unfortunately some reporter assays were developed without careful consideration when they were adopted from studies of transcriptional regulation using promoter-reporter gene fusions. Here we report ...

Dealing with psychological and social issues is an important aspect of comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs. This study aims to evaluate the use of an open-group mutual aid model facilitated by a social worker and occupational therapist in a secondary prevention CR program. A mixed-method study, using questionnaires, focus group ...

W-87-R-7, Quarterly Federal Aid Performance Report 1 April through 30 June 1986; Study VII-A Landscape Heterogeneity and Deer Abundance; Study VII-B Population Dynamics of the Illinois Deer Heard-- Past History, Current Status, and Future Management Options; Study VII-C: Life History and Ecology of Deer in Intensively Farmed Landscapes; Study VII-D ...

Quarterly Federal Aid Performance Report W-87-R-9, 1 July - 30 September 1987; Study No. VII-D Harvest Strategies for Illinois Deer Herds, Urban Deer Study

Quarterly Federal Aid Performance Report W-87-R-8, 1 April - 30 June 1987; Study No. VII-D Harvest Strategies for Illinois Deer Herds, Urban Deer Study

Quarterly Federal Aid Performance Report W-87-R-9, 1 October - 31 December 1987; Study no. VII-D: Harvest Strategies for Illinois Deer Herds; Urban Deer Study.

Quarterly Federal Aid Performance Report W-87-R-8, 1 January - 31 March 1987; Study No. VII-D: Harvest Strategies for Illinois Deer Herds, Urban Deer Study; Appendix A: Helminthic and Protozoan Parasites of White-tailed Deer in Urban Areas of Northeastern Illinois, Final Report, Jose G. Cisneros, January 1987.

45 saliva samples of AIDS patients and 55 saliva samples in normal population were detected by the Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) system. And the spectrum data were analyzed using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm, one of the data mining technologies. Statistical analysis showed that two groups were distinguished effectively. ...

The objective of this work is to study the fundamental instability behind the crown formation in the problem of drop splashing on a pre-existing liquid film. Based on experimental and theoretical insights, we demonstrate that the most plausible instability mechanism is of the Richtmyer-Meshkov type associated with a nearly impulsive ...

Reports were scanned in black and white at a resolution of 600 dots per inch and were converted to text using Adobe Paper Capture Plug-in.

The Population Council studied a pre-coital contraceptive microbicide vaginal product containing levonorgestrel (LNG) as active component and Carraguard gel as a vehicle (Carra/LNG gel) for couples who engage in occasional unplanned intercourse. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sexual intercourse after vaginal application of Carra/LNG ...

Evolutionary graphs are used to model the effects of spatial and social structure in social evolutionary problems (e.g. evolutionary games). Recent work has highlighted the fact that evolution on graphs can be understood using kin selection theory. This paper shows how one can use kin selection to study evolutionary graphs ...

Raltegravir is an HIV integrase inhibitor that is metabolized through glucuronidation by uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1, and its use is anticipated in combination with atazanavir (a uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 inhibitor). Two pharmacokinetic studies of healthy subjects assessed the effect of multiple-dose atazanavir or ritonavir-boosted atazanavir on raltegravir levels in ...

A short cut review was carried out to establish whether nasal erythema in a reindeer might be a useful navigational aid on Christmas Eve. From a search of nine papers, five presented evidence relevant to the question. The author, date and country of publication, "subjects" studied, study type, relevant outcomes, ...

In especially urban areas and their proximity, environmental pollution has reached a level which threatens both people and public health. Although environmental problems in Turkey have been studied for many cities, including Erzurum, no study is present combining all the environmental matters of the city with short definitions of problems ...

The authors conducted 3 studies to test a socioecological model of procommunity action. Study 1 showed that residents of stable communities purchased a "critical habitat" license plate to support preservation of the environment in their home state more often than did residents of mobile communities. Study 2 demonstrated that home ...

We report the synthesis of 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxyuridine (d4U) and 2',3'-dideoxyuridine (ddU) phosphoramidate 'ProTide' derivatives and their evaluation against HIV-1 and HIV-2. In addition, we conducted molecular modeling studies on both d4U and ddU monophosphates to investigate their second phosphorylation process. The findings from the modeling studies provide compelling evidence for the ...

The problem of marker selection in DNA microarray analysis has been mostly addressed by linear methods. RFE-SVM is such a representative method where a linear kernel is used as the basic tool to address the problem. On the other hand a single neuron is known to be a linear estimator. ...