The aims of this study were twofold: firstly, to evaluate the relationship of supra- or subgingival calculus and bleeding on probing (BOP) in sextants coded 2 in the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN); and secondly, to compare the differences in four investigations in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Japan and ...

Since 1990, our institution has used the Boyle uterine elevator in 57 abdominal hysterectomies. The device aids in retraction of the uterus and minimizes the use of self-retaining retractors and bowel packing. The uterine elevator also aids in dissection of the bladder and incision of the cardinal and uterosacral ligaments. ...

The rate of digesta passage was measured in five captive Philippine flying lemurs (Cynocephalus volans). These animals were force fed capsules containing known quantities of either particulate or soluble markers. The volumes of the gastrointestinal tracts of three flying lemurs were determined based on the wet weight of the contents ...

Bleeding from esophageal varices is a common and serious problem in Schistosomiasis mansoni. A simple and accurate method of detection would facilitate measurement of individual and community morbidity and allow institution of preventive measures. An ultrasonographic scoring system grading periportal fibrosis, portal vein diameter, spleen size, and portasystemic anastomoses was ...

Control of spotting and breakthrough bleeding and absence of withdrawal bleeding, collectively termed cycle control, is the single most important determinant of whether a new user of oral contraceptives (OCs) will continue this method. However, information about different OC preparations and how they affect such problems, including the effects of ...

Gastrointestinal parasites, although an uncommon cause of biliary and pancreatic problems in western medicine, can produce fatal complications. A Swiss patient presented with acute pancreatitis, with no evidence of gall stones or history of alcohol abuse. He died after a short fulminant illness. At necropsy, an Ascaris lumbracoides was found ...

Gastrointestinal manifestations of AIDS are common. Opportunistic infections and tumors may affect any portion of the GI tract from oral cavity to anus. Esophageal involvement may result from Candida, CMV, HSV, HIV, and tumors. Biliary tract and pancreatic disease may cause abdominal pain. Diarrhea occurs in over 50% of AIDS ...

To determine the cumulative incidence of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding and its effect upon survival in patients with AIDS, 453 consecutive AIDS patients diagnosed in our hospital between June 1985 and March 1989 were followed for a median period of six months (maximum 42 months). The cumulative probability of acute ...

There is well-known difficulty in controlling hemorrhage from presacral vessels. There are reports on the use of thumbtacks to secure hemostasis in the face of presacral hemorrhage. This communication reports the successful use of thumbtacks to establish presacral hemostasis and describes a simple instrument designed to afford easier and more ...

To clarify the prevalence and characteristics of gastrointestinal malignancy in patients with AIDS, we reviewed the demographics and clinical features of patients with AIDS and gastrointestinal neoplasms seen at North Central Bronx Hospital and Montefiore Medical Center during the past 8 yr. Malignant neoplasia complicated AIDS in 108/869 (12%) of ...

In a questionnaire survey we determined the prevalence of problems with reading, at present as well as in the past, in adult chronic headache sufferers as compared with age- and sex-matched controls. The reading problems inquired about were those with reading in general, reading quickly, prolonged reading and reading comprehension. ...

The aspiration or ingestion of a foreign body into the upper aerodigestive tract is a common accident that befalls children and adults alike. Sharp and pointed objects pose special problems. The basic principles of their extraction were meticulously developed by Chevalier Jackson, whose concepts of the mechanical problems encountered and ...

A study is presented of a biomechanical comparison of two different aided gait patterns used by rheumatoid arthritis patients after knee joint surgery. Subjects using alternating and step-to gait patterns were compared when ambulating with forearm-support crutches. Data were collected via instrumented walking aids and 16mm cameras. Values were derived ...

An anatomical study on the extensor digitorum profundus muscle was made using 832 upper limbs from 416 Japanese adults. The separate muscles derived from the extensor digitorum profundus consist of 10 kinds: namely, the extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis et indicis accessorius, extensor indicis radialis, extensor indicis proprius, extensor indicis ...

Posterior urethral valves is an uncommon condition, but it poses many diagnostic and therapeutic problems. Long term follow up of these patients revealed that the majority of these boys have long term problems. In depth assessment of 10 boys with this problem revealed that their upper urinary tracts remained stable ...

The major problems with the management of dysplasia in the large bowel are few when dealing with adenomas or invasive carcinomas. Many more problems arise in the clinical and pathologic management of dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease. The interesting question of dysplasia occurring in other polyps remains intriguing, and particularly ...

Abnormal genital bleeding and secondary amenorrhea (cessation of menses) are common gynecologic complaints that can indicate serious physical problems. Abnormal genital bleeding is the most common reason for a gynecological office visit and a leading indication for dilatation of the cervix and curettage of the uterus. One of four women ...

With more mothers breastfeeding their babies and postpartum stays in hospital becoming shorter, more mothers are presenting to the emergency department with problems that formerly were managed in the newborn nursery. This article deals with an approach to the breastfeeding baby who presents in the emergency department because of jaundice, ...

AIDS-related gastrointestinal disease is common, presenting a challenge to all nutritional support clinicians. Patients frequently suffer from weight loss, diarrhea, malabsorption, and cachexia. Many factors complicate the course of AIDS-related gastrointestinal disease, including decreased food intake (resulting from fatigue and malaise), increased metabolic demand and nutritional requirements, and identifiable gastrointestinal ...

Gastroesophageal reflux is frequently viewed as a "nuisance" problem that affects a large number of individuals with variable frequency. When physicians conceptualize the complications of gastrointestinal reflux, they generally consider them a localized esophageal problem resulting in irritation of the esophagus, bleeding esophagitis, occasional stricture formation, and the development of ...

Abnormal uterine bleeding in the reproductive age, that is, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, is a very common symptom encountered in office gynecology. The judicious use of hysteroscopy to manage this medical entity adds a new dimension in handling this often perplexing problem. This article focuses mainly on abnormal uterine bleeding in ...

Bird studies have gained a central role in the debate on the importance of interspecific competition in nature. Thus, the negative results reported from a breeding bird community in a North American shrubsteppe area have created ripples throughout community ecology. However, the set of coexisting breeding birds might be an ...

Long-term crutch users and patients with arthritis are particularly susceptible to upper limb joint degeneration during aided gait. The function of the walking aid for stability, support, and restraint/propulsion must be optimized with the upper limb loadings caused by the aids. Post-operative total hip replacement (THR) patients, tibial fracture, and ...

This paper reviews and evaluates the research literature on the relationship of binocular anomalies to reading problems. The weight of the evidence supports a positive relationship between certain binocular anomalies and reading problems. The evidence is positive for exophoria at near, fusional vergence reserves, aniseikonia, anisometropia, convergence insufficiency, and fixation ...

Anastomotic leakage was noted to occur at the junction of the staple lines used to create the stoma during small intestine side-to-side anastomosis. The anastomosis was performed in a clinical equine patient by joining the lateral surfaces of the intestinal segments using a gastrointestinal anastomosis stapling instrument (GIA). The cause ...

People have moved species around the world for millenia, sometimes by accident, but often with considerable enthusiasm. English garden birds in New Zealand are merely quaint curiosities introduced by settlers wanting the familiar species of their former homes. Some introductions have been devastating - goats or rabbits on various islands, ...

Posterior epistaxis differs from anterior epistaxis only by its position in the nose, which makes direct access to the bleeding vessel difficult. With the aid of a flexible nasopharyngoscope, however, the bleeding point may be identified and cauterized directly. In this preliminary report, 12 consecutive patients admitted for posterior epistaxis ...

The increasing frequency of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) mandates that all physicians be aware of the diverse nature of problems that affect this group of patients. The gastrointestinal tract is involved in approximately 50% of patients with AIDS, although not all are symptomatic. Common problems include diarrhea, malabsorption, and weight ...

Sharp, irregular objects or long, thin objects pose the most danger and need immediate attention. Otherwise, objects impacted in the esophagus should be removed within 12 hours. Objects that have advanced into the stomach usually pass without problems and should be observed for up to two weeks. Symptoms of bowel ...

An Otis urethrotome has been modified by drilling a 3/64-inch hole through the tip to permit passage into the kidney over a 0.038-inch guide wire. This instrument has been used to aid in the performance of 12 nephrostomy tract dilations without significant complications. When compared to 10 Amplatz tract dilations, ...

Percutaneous transhepatic drainage (PTD) is associated with many long-term complications. Therefore a large-diameter endoscopic endoprosthesis is preferentially employed to bridge a malignant obstruction of the biliary tract. Only if the placement of an endoprosthesis fails, must PTD be established. We present a simple method for converting PTD into a large ...

We have recently seen several 99mTc labeled red blood (Tc-RBC) cell studies, for the localization of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, which were difficult to interpret because of increased activity in the low abdomen, which was found due to male genital activity. To examine the extent of this problem six recent Tc-RBC ...

Proximal gastrointestinal disease or injury that prevents adequate enteral alimentation is a difficult management problem. Recently, total parenteral nutrition has been shown to be important in maintaining these patients and the management of these problems. However, central intravenous hyperalimentation is associated with well-described problems and has other advantages. This article ...

Group C meningococci were isolated during an epidemic of meningococcal meningitis which occurred between January and May 1979 in eastern Upper Volta, an area previously associated with endemic and epidemic group A disease. A total of 539 cases of meningitis, 55 of which were fatal, were reported, giving an attack ...

Reports of endoscopic laser photocoagulation have been enthusiastic. However, many technical factors influence the results and discussion of these in the literature has been very limited. We describe the problems encountered in treating 71 patients with bleeding peptic ulcers, and our solutions to them. Failures were due to problems of ...

Increased immigration and travel abroad by Canadians have increased the need for family physicians to know more about tropical and parasitic diseases. This paper provides the practitioner with a practical approach to the following problems seen in travellers from the tropics: eosinophilia, fever, diarrhea, and the passage of worms in ...

Observations were made on the animal's behavior and dynamics of electrical activity in the neo- and archipaleocortex during acquisition of sound discrimination under different experimental conditions and subsequent extinction. On the basis of analysis of the data obtained the following conclusions were drawn: (1) In pre-satiated cats even hundreds of ...

The Canadian family physician should be aware of the steady increase in the incidence of parasitic diseases. Some are already endemic in Canada, especially in the underdeveloped areas of this country, others are being seen as travellers return, and visitors come from the tropics. This article emphasizes the need for ...

This study reports the practical problems involved in the use of a miniature Geiger counter to detect the site of bleeding into the intestine. The observations so far have been made in dogs but its possible application in man is proposed.