To understand the affect-laden psychological processes of patients in a fully informed way, analysts must be able to tolerate a regression in which their unconscious or primary-process modes of functioning are given full sway. With the aid of impressions acquired in this way, cognitive functions in the analytic task are ...

This paper concerns the very special nature of Peper Harow, a residential establishment for disturbed young people. The paper explores the means by which adolescents become absorbed in, and are helped to identify with, the goals of a therapeutic community, and draws on symbols and metaphors from literature to illustrate ...

This study suggests that, at the present time, AID is not likely to be a significant risk factor in the transmission of AIDS in Britain, particularly in centres which are already practising careful screening of semen donors. New facilities which are becoming available for HTLV-III screening should help to provide ...

Several of the difficulties involved in the detection of corticosteroid allergy are illustrated by the problems encountered in a patient sensitive to a preparation containing hydrocortisone and miconazole nitrate. The importance of appropriate concentrations and vehicles for patch testing, the possible rôle of impurities, and cross-sensitivity of corticosteroid molecules are ...

Evolutionary epistemology takes various forms. As a philosophical discipline, it may use analogies by borrowing concepts from evolutionary biology to establish new foundations. This is not a very successful enterprise because the analogies involved are so weak that they hardly have explanatory force. It may also veil itself with the ...

A case of didelphic uterus, unilateral atretic vagina with a small communication and a right-sided hypoplastic kidney is presented and illustrated by 'fistulography' and HSG. When a communication between the atretic and the normal vagina is present, the symptoms are often vague, clinically puzzling and can easily be misinterpreted. Because ...

Prognostic factor evaluation is a frequent and desirable investigative activity in clinical trials. Nevertheless, a number of errors in the evaluation of such factors occur quite commonly. Many of these problems are due to inappropriate statistical interpretation of the analyses that are conducted. A detailed discussion of several problem areas ...

Some details of phonatory biomechanics, meaning the vibratory movements of the vocal folds during phonation, are described in the introduction. Here a special emphasis is laid on the multicomponent structure of the vocal folds. Glottography is a general term used for methods to monitor the vibrations of the vocal folds. ...

This article discusses the problem that ossicular reconstruction presents when the malleus handle has been destroyed and a columella must be used. The technical problems and failures of the past twenty-five years are exposed in an effort to glean the lessons of this experience. A comparison of three types of ...

The conclusions are put forward that are adopted by a discussion group preparing the framework for a limitation policy of the radon problem in Belgium. Existing and future situations are treated in a coherent policy that is adequate for practical implementation. An action level is defined, together with a hierachy ...

By its very nature, running allows for a freedom that many athletic endeavors lack. The ability to run anytime and anywhere may be detrimental in itself, in that it may allow runners to place themselves in environmental circumstances that are unhealthy. Acclimatization to heat, altitude, and air pollution conditions can ...

Forty per cent of all injuries in our series are related to the knee area. A great number of people in the United States, estimated at 20 million, are running regularly. Sixty to 70 per cent of the individuals who are running regularly are injured severely enough that they must ...

Dentists frequently change local anesthetic formulations on the basis of a patient's experience of adverse effects. Frequently, less effective anesthetics are selected because a lack of understanding exists regarding the nature of untoward events. This may exacerbate the problem. Allergic reactions are overreported, whereas fear responses frequently are unrecognized. This ...

The most common long-term problems seen in polio are brace problems, knee recurvatum, increasing weakness due to overuse and ankle equinus. A definite increased incidence of problems is seen after the patient is more than 30 years post-polio. The basis for most of these problems is chronic mechanical strain of ...

This paper discusses the role of pilot peer group involvement, using the Pilot Advisory Group (PAG), in assisting pilots who manifest personal problems which derive from occupational and other stressors. Some general aspects of "background" occupational stress are discussed. Attitudes and opinions of professional aviators are identified and their role ...

Let pi be a nontrivial finite group and M be a closed manifold. An interesting question is whether or not M has the R-homology type of a manifold admitting a free pi action. Here this problem is studied for actions that are "homologically trivial." If pi(1)M is nontrivial these questions ...

FET based ion sensors appear promising as monitoring and diagnostic aids in clinical medicine. The principles underlying these miniaturized probes are outlined. The fifteen year development period, since their original description, is related to problems with reliability, biological compatibility, and incorporation of reference electrodes. Possible solutions to these problems are ...

This paper reviews the main findings concerning the problems associated with shift work. A conceptual model is presented in which these problems are classified into 3 main interrelated domains, medical, biological and social. The biological problems are evidenced in disturbed rhythms and sleep, the medical problems in improved objective and, ...

The author attempts to evaluate critically the application of psychoanalysis to literature by examining problems of method and the assumptions psychoanalysts unwittingly make about texts they are about to interpret. The special advantages of psychoanalysis over other interpretive systems are discussed, and several examples of the possible use of psychoanalysis ...

Based upon two recent periods of fieldwork among a spontaneously resettled population of cattle herders in southwestern Ethiopia, this paper is an attempt to illustrate, by a particular case, the general proposition that external aid, if it is not to be counter-productive, must meet people's needs as they themselves define ...

Microscopic leaks in fermenter cooling coils were identified as the source of chronic fermentation contaminations. Methods used to identify the problem in production fermenters are described. Recommendations for upgrading quality control criteria for new installations are presented.

Oil and gas deposits in the Alaskan Arctic are estimated to contain up to 40 percent of the remaining undiscovered crude oil and oil-equivalent nature gas within U.S. jurisdiction. Most (65 to 70 percent) of these estimated reserves are believed to occur offshore beneath the shallow, ice-covered seas, of the ...

The clinical application of immunotoxins is still hampered by a number of unsolved problems. These include difficulties associated with each of the components of the conjugates, i.e., antibody, coupling agent, and cytotoxic drug. Additional problems are caused by the conjugate formation itself. Major obstacles are the lack of data relating ...

In Bali individuals who are able to communicate with the supernatural are said to have sakti, power which they are expected to use on behalf of the community. The ability to heal is one indication that a person has such power which, because it is undifferentiated, is also a qualification ...

Some nudibranchs that feed on cnidarians are known to store nematocysts within cnidophage cells and use them for their own defense. Most of the nematocysts are in direct contact with the cytoplasm of the cnidophage. Nematocysts are not subjected to lysosomal enzymes because any phagocytic membrane that surrounded the nematocyst ...

The procedures of radioimmunoassays for gastrin are presented in this paper. Techniques are described and evaluated with special reference to preparation of radioiodinated gastrin, purification of monoiodinated gastrin, characterisation of the immunochemical properties of radiolabelled gastrin, raising and characterisation of specific antibodies, incubation conditions, separation of bound and free hormone ...

Some of the problems that confront the clinician in seeking to comprehend patients' accounts of their problems are discussed. It must be anticipated that these will be systematically deficient, both because of limitations in patients' awareness and because of the effects of the communication situations. Several strategies of listening that ...

Several risks can be posed by travel, even when the stay is not protracted nor the destination exotic. Air travelers should consider the potential problems associated with decreased cabin pressure, hypoxia, and circadian dysrhythmia, problems that can contraindicate flying for some. Motion sickness can affect those traveling by air, sea, ...

The proliferation of dual-chamber pacemakers has created a host of electrocardiographic problems relating to interpretation. The term "pseudomalfunction" identifies an electrocardiographic finding that looks like pacemaker malfunction but is not. Several different models of dual-chamber pacemakers, which are either presently available or in clinical evaluation, produce different types of pseudomalfunctions. ...

Many workers have pointed out that there is a great need for training aboriginal workers to become involved in the psychiatric problems of their community. However, it sometimes occurs that such workers are regarded with suspicion and are often disturbed by the act of working among their own people. It ...

Goal attainment scaling (GAS) is a procedure for evaluating the effectiveness of intervention in human service programmes. The theory and procedure of GAS are described, and its strict requirements are discussed. An example application of GAS in a rehabilitation centre for physically disabled children is reported. Problems with the application ...

This article describes an electrophysiological taxonomy of patients who are unwilling to continue wearing their hearing aids or are dissatisfied with the performance of the aid. Because the responses on which the taxonomy is based do not depend upon patient cooperation, they can be used in the pediatric population, where ...

The present study examines the behavior of Type A coronary-prone subjects in group problem-solving sessions. Subjects discuss possible solutions to two problems in same-sex groups containing both Type As and Bs. As are much more likely than Bs to be seen as leaders and are rarely nominated as the least ...

Paediatric problems in children under 5 years of age seen at Jane Furse Memorial Hospital in southern Lebowa during 1980 are discussed. Major problems are gastro-enteritis, protein energy malnutrition and respiratory disease. Inadequate local food production and poor standards of basic hygiene are major contributing factors to illness. These are ...

Acute diarrhea due to identifiable pathogenesis is caused in about 50% by bacteria. There are 4 general virulence properties of bacterial enteropathogens, namely adherence, cytotoxicity, enterotoxicity and invasiveness. These problems are discussed for the known enteropathogens. Stool examination for the presence of numerous leukocytes is a valuable screening test indicating ...

The unique problems that the professional woman brings to therapy are presented here. It is the author's contention that the career woman's difficulties are not adequately realized or understood by many male therapists. Many of these patients are disappointed with or highly critical of their therapy with male psychiatrists. Two ...

"It has often been suggested that U.S. foreign economic policies, including the areas of aid, trade and investment, could be utilized to influence migration pressures in major sending countries. This study explores the feasibility of this proposition by examining the linkages between these U.S. economic instruments and migration 'push' factors. ...

Temporal arteritis often raises diagnostic problems. The first person to examine the patient may well be a dentist since the first symptoms of the disease are often stiffness of the masticatory muscles and impaired mobility of the lower jaw, reminiscent of mandibular dysfunction/TMJ pain and dysfunction. Other common symptoms are ...

The work of British Red Cross surgical teams during the Cambodian civil war in 1975 and the Angolan war of 1976 is described. The medical, social and military situations are discussed. The problems caused by the deteriorating conditions in the working environments of these teams during the collapse of the ...

The burnout syndrome is defined as a feeling of emotional and physical exhaustion coupled with a sense of frustration and failure. The common behavioral manifestations of burnout are described and possible antecedents detailed, including unrealistic goal setting and work overload. Mechanisms for coping with or preventing burnout are discussed and ...

Although entomogenous nenmtodes generally have many of the attributes of the ideal biocontrol agent, many of these attributes make the nematodes less than desirable for commercial production. Environmental limitations, lack of patent protection, "shelf life," shipping problems, and the need for users to receive specialized training are factors that have ...

"The main purposes of this paper are (1) to identify the primary population distribution problems in Asia, and (2) to identify the range of explicit population policy instruments or packages designed to alleviate or solve existing maldistribution. As a corollary to these main goals, attempts are made to classify types ...

Design principles of the one-piece Franklin type bifocal are described and illustrated. Correct (and incorrect) methods for verifying decentration are explained. Examples of typical decentration problems are given as well as explicit instructions for telling the lab how to lay out the blank for surfacing. A formula for determining the ...

Successful problem-solving is usually based upon a sound knowledge of the problem. Where the problem is a hazard, the impossibility of a 'solution' in terms of complete prevention is well known but proper problem assessment is still required. Detailed hazard zone mapping can be a valuable aid to planning to ...

The path of adjustment for Turkish migrants--young and old, male and female--to a highly industralized Western society is a difficult one fraught with parlous conditions over which they have little control, largely because of Germany attitudes toward and treatment of Gastarbeiter in general and Turks in particular. Holding other variables ...

Misconceptions concerning the existence and scope of the legal privilege for communications in therapy are considered. Basic limitations on the protection afforded by the privilege are treated, as are some major specific exceptions and waivers, particularly as they raise special difficulties for the therapist who works with groups, couples and ...

In order to consider the problems of protist-protozoan interrelationships in proper perspective, a new "packaging" of phyla within the great kingdom Protista is proposed. Although it is based largely on historical groupings and is admittedly "unnatural" (nor are taxonomic names proposed for my five supraphyletic groupings), the arrangement may clarify ...

Low noise diffraction gratings are constructed with the aid of a circular grating interferometer illuminated with a polychromatic or extended source.

This paper investigates the relationship between sex status, community referral sources, and determination of voluntary or involuntary disposition. The relationship between sex status and involuntary disposition is made primarily through significant differences in community living arrangements associated with different referral sources. Males are more likely to be living in more ...

This paper investigates the problems of multi-file searching, which have arisen from the recent expansion of data-bases. The papers presented on this theme at the recent European MEDLINE Workshop are summarized. Special emphasis is placed on the specificity of searching NLM files on ELHILL, based on a survey of their ...